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Guerrilla warfare is exclusively conducted by state-sponsored military units against foreign invaders.
Answer: False
Explanation: Guerrilla warfare is characterized by irregular military groups, often operating outside state sponsorship, and employing tactics such as ambushes and sabotage, rather than being exclusively conducted by state-sponsored units against foreign invaders.
The diminutive nature of the word "guerrilla" implies that these forces are typically larger and better equipped than formal armies.
Answer: False
Explanation: The diminutive nature of "guerrilla" suggests smaller, less conventional forces, not larger or better-equipped ones compared to formal armies.
The term "guerrilla warfare" gained prominence during the American Revolutionary War.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that the term "guerrilla warfare" gained prominence during the Peninsular War, not the American Revolutionary War.
Sun Tzu, a Roman general, advocated for guerrilla tactics in his ancient text.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sun Tzu was a Chinese general, not a Roman general. His text, "The Art of War," is cited as an early work proposing guerrilla-style tactics.
The Spanish word "guerrilla" translates directly to "major war."
Answer: False
Explanation: The Spanish word "guerrilla" is a diminutive form of "guerra" (war), meaning "little war," not "major war."
Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, introduced the term "guerrilla" into the English language.
Answer: True
Explanation: Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, introduced the term "guerrilla" into English usage in 1809.
Evidence suggests that conventional warfare tactics emerged significantly later than guerrilla-style tactics employed by primitive warriors.
Answer: True
Explanation: Evidence indicates that conventional warfare emerged around 3100 BC in regions like Egypt and Mesopotamia, whereas guerrilla-style tactics are posited to have been employed by primitive tribal warriors at an even earlier stage of human history.
The Fabian strategy, used by Hannibal, involved direct confrontation and decisive battles.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Fabian strategy, associated with Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (not Hannibal), involved evading direct confrontation and wearing down the enemy.
Which historical conflict is credited with coining and popularizing the term "guerrilla warfare"?
Answer: The Napoleonic Wars' Peninsular War
Explanation: The term "guerrilla warfare" was coined and popularized during the Peninsular War (early 19th century), involving Spanish resistance against Napoleonic forces.
According to its etymological origin, what does the word "guerrilla" literally mean?
Answer: Little war
Explanation: The word "guerrilla" originates from Spanish and is a diminutive form of "guerra" (war), meaning "little war."
Who is associated with the "Fabian strategy," characterized by evading direct confrontation and wearing down the enemy?
Answer: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Explanation: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, a Roman general, is associated with the "Fabian strategy," which emphasizes evading direct confrontation and wearing down the enemy.
Which historical figure is associated with early guerrilla-style tactics through the "Fabian strategy"?
Answer: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Explanation: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, a Roman general, is associated with the "Fabian strategy," an early form of guerrilla tactics.
The source mentions that the term "guerrilla" entered English usage via which prominent military figure?
Answer: Duke of Wellington
Explanation: Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, introduced the term "guerrilla" into English usage in 1809.
The Byzantine military manual "De velitatione bellica" focused primarily on siege warfare.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Byzantine manual "De velitatione bellica" focused on guerrilla warfare tactics, not primarily siege warfare.
The Welsh successfully used their knowledge of mountainous terrain to ambush Norman invaders.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Welsh utilized their knowledge of mountainous terrain to conduct ambushes against Norman invaders.
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj pioneered "Ganimi Kava" tactics in 18th-century India to fight the British.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj pioneered "Ganimi Kava" tactics in the 17th century, not the 18th century, and fought against the Mughal Empire, not the British.
The Dominican Restoration War was a conflict where Spain successfully maintained control over the Dominican Republic through guerrilla tactics.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the Dominican Restoration War, Spanish forces were ultimately withdrawn, leading to the establishment of the Dominican Republic's second republic, rather than Spain maintaining control.
Abd el-Krim's forces in the Rif War primarily relied on conventional trench warfare against occupiers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Abd el-Krim's forces in the Rif War employed tunnel warfare and modern guerrilla methods, not conventional trench warfare.
Michael Collins is known for developing urban guerrilla warfare tactics in Dublin during the Irish War of Independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Michael Collins is recognized for developing urban guerrilla warfare tactics during the Irish War of Independence.
The Algerian Revolution is considered a prototype for modern conventional warfare strategies.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Algerian Revolution is considered a prototype for modern insurgency and counterinsurgency, not conventional warfare.
The African National Congress (ANC) studied the Vietnam War for insights into counterinsurgency tactics.
Answer: False
Explanation: The African National Congress (ANC) studied the Algerian War of Independence, not the Vietnam War, for insights into insurgency.
Che Guevara's "foco" theory suggests that large, conventional armies are necessary to initiate a revolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: Che Guevara's "foco" theory suggests that a small group of cadres can initiate a revolution, not that large, conventional armies are necessary.
The image "As Guerrilhas na Guerra Peninsular" depicts a Soviet partisan group during WWII.
Answer: False
Explanation: The image "As Guerrilhas na Guerra Peninsular" depicts Portuguese guerrillas during the Peninsular War, not Soviet partisans during WWII.
What was the primary purpose of the Byzantine military manual known as "De velitatione bellica"?
Answer: To codify guerrilla warfare tactics used along the eastern frontier.
Explanation: The Byzantine military manual "De velitatione bellica" was created to codify and preserve the specific guerrilla warfare tactics utilized by the empire.
Which 17th-century Indian leader pioneered "Ganimi Kava" or Guerrilla Tactics?
Answer: Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Explanation: Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj pioneered "Ganimi Kava" (Guerrilla Tactics) in the 17th century to effectively combat the larger forces of the Mughal Empire.
The Dominican Restoration War (1863-1865) concluded with what outcome?
Answer: The withdrawal of Spanish forces and the establishment of the Dominican Republic's second republic.
Explanation: The Dominican Restoration War concluded with the withdrawal of Spanish forces, leading to the re-establishment of the Dominican Republic.
During the Rif War in the 1920s, what innovative tactic did Abd el-Krim employ alongside modern guerrilla methods?
Answer: Tunnel warfare
Explanation: During the Rif War, Abd el-Krim's forces utilized tunnel warfare as an innovative tactic against French and Spanish occupiers.
Which conflict is cited as a prototype for modern insurgency, counterinsurgency, and asymmetric warfare?
Answer: The Algerian Revolution
Explanation: The Algerian Revolution is widely regarded as a seminal prototype for contemporary insurgency, counterinsurgency, and asymmetric warfare.
Che Guevara's "foco" theory proposes that revolution can be initiated by:
Answer: A small group of armed cadres acting as a catalyst.
Explanation: The central tenet of Che Guevara's "foco" theory posits that a small vanguard group of armed cadres can act as a catalyst, igniting popular discontent and initiating a broader insurrection against an established regime.
Which historical conflict involved Abd el-Krim utilizing tunnel warfare?
Answer: The Rif War
Explanation: Abd el-Krim utilized tunnel warfare during the Rif War in the 1920s.
The image "Sov_partizans.jpg" depicts which group during a specific historical period?
Answer: Soviet partisans during Nazi occupation (1944)
Explanation: The image "Sov_partizans.jpg" depicts Soviet partisans in Belarus during the 1944 counter-offensive.
Michael Collins developed which specific type of guerrilla warfare during the Irish War of Independence?
Answer: Urban guerrilla warfare using small units
Explanation: Michael Collins is credited with developing urban guerrilla warfare tactics, utilizing small IRA units in Dublin.
What role did the Welsh play against Norman incursions, according to the text?
Answer: They launched surprise attacks using mountainous terrain.
Explanation: The Welsh effectively used their knowledge of mountainous terrain to launch surprise attacks against Norman invaders.
Tom Barry is associated with which aspect of guerrilla warfare during the Irish War of Independence?
Answer: Command of larger "flying columns" in rural areas
Explanation: Tom Barry commanded the West Cork brigade, employing larger "flying columns" in rural engagements during the Irish War of Independence.
The fundamental goal of guerrilla warfare is to engage and destroy the enemy's main forces in large-scale battles.
Answer: False
Explanation: The fundamental goal of guerrilla warfare is attrition and harassment to force withdrawal, not engaging in large-scale battles to destroy enemy main forces.
Mao Zedong's tactical principle involves attacking the enemy only when they are advancing and retreating when they are tired.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mao Zedong's principle is: "The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue." The statement provided is incorrect.
The primary objective of guerrilla strategy is to achieve rapid territorial conquest.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary objective of guerrilla strategy is attrition and harassment to force withdrawal, not rapid territorial conquest.
Guerrillas typically prefer engaging large, well-established enemy formations to deplete their strength quickly.
Answer: False
Explanation: Guerrillas typically avoid engaging large enemy formations, preferring to attack smaller groups and resources to minimize their own losses.
Mobility and secrecy are disadvantages for guerrilla fighters.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mobility and secrecy are key advantages exploited by guerrilla fighters, not disadvantages.
Mao Zedong's famous summary of guerrilla tactics includes which principle?
Answer: "The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass."
Explanation: Mao Zedong encapsulated fundamental guerrilla tactics with the aphorism: "The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue."
What is the fundamental strategic goal of guerrilla warfare as described in the source?
Answer: To force the enemy to withdraw through attrition and harassment.
Explanation: The fundamental strategic goal of guerrilla warfare is to achieve victory through attrition and harassment, compelling the enemy to withdraw rather than through direct conquest.
What is a characteristic tactic of guerrilla warfare mentioned in the definition?
Answer: Sabotage and ambushes
Explanation: Characteristic tactics of guerrilla warfare include sabotage, ambushes, raids, and hit-and-run attacks.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a key tactic of guerrilla warfare in the source?
Answer: Sieges
Explanation: Key tactics of guerrilla warfare typically include raids, sabotage, and hit-and-run attacks, but not sieges, which are characteristic of conventional warfare.
Ideologies like nationalism and socialism have had no significant impact on modern guerrilla warfare.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ideologies such as nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and religious fundamentalism have significantly influenced modern guerrilla warfare.
Guerrilla warfare is considered a form of symmetric warfare because both sides have equal military strength.
Answer: False
Explanation: Guerrilla warfare is a form of asymmetric warfare, characterized by competition between opponents of unequal strength, not symmetric warfare.
Relying on support from the local population can lead the opposing army to distrust all civilians.
Answer: True
Explanation: When guerrilla forces receive support from the local population, the opposing army may develop a pervasive distrust, viewing all civilians as potential collaborators or sympathizers.
Modern guerrilla movements never involve children in any capacity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that some modern guerrilla movements involve children in various capacities.
Both guerrillas and terrorists primarily target active military units of the enemy.
Answer: False
Explanation: A principal distinction lies in their targets: guerrillas predominantly focus on the enemy's active military units, whereas terrorists largely direct their actions against non-military agents and civilian populations.
The term "terrorism" is objectively defined and never used for political purposes.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term "terrorism" is often used as a tool of political propaganda and is not objectively defined.
How does the source define guerrilla warfare in relation to asymmetric warfare?
Answer: As competition between unequal opponents where the weaker side uses unconventional methods.
Explanation: Guerrilla warfare is defined as a form of asymmetric warfare, characterized by the weaker side employing unconventional methods against a stronger adversary.
What is the primary difference highlighted between the targets of guerrillas and terrorists?
Answer: Guerrillas target active military units; terrorists target non-military agents and civilians.
Explanation: A principal distinction lies in their targets: guerrillas predominantly focus on the enemy's active military units, whereas terrorists largely direct their actions against non-military agents and civilian populations.
The source suggests that guerrilla tactics can lead the opposing army to develop what perception of the local population?
Answer: That the population is a potential enemy sympathizer.
Explanation: When guerrilla forces receive support from the local population, the opposing army may develop a perception that all civilians are potential sympathizers.
Which of the following ideologies, emerging since the Enlightenment, has NOT been cited as influencing modern guerrilla warfare?
Answer: Fascism
Explanation: While nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and religious fundamentalism have influenced guerrilla warfare, fascism is not explicitly cited as a primary ideological influence in this context.
Which of the following is listed as a key theoretical work influencing guerrilla warfare?
Answer: Guerrilla Warfare by Che Guevara
Explanation: Che Guevara's "Guerrilla Warfare" is listed as a key theoretical work influencing the study and practice of guerrilla warfare.
The source implies that the use of the term "terrorism" can be influenced by what factor?
Answer: Political propaganda and denouncement
Explanation: The source implies that the term "terrorism" is often influenced by political propaganda and denouncement by belligerents.
The "Notes" and "References" sections in the article provide links to related concepts like armed insurrection.
Answer: False
Explanation: The "Notes" and "References" sections typically contain citations and source lists, while the "See also" section provides links to related concepts.