Explanation: The name 'Harwich' originates from the Old English 'here-wic,' which translates to 'military settlement,' not 'safe harbor.'

Explanation: Harwich received its charter in 1238, not 1177. However, there is indeed evidence of earlier settlement, including a possible Roman presence.

Explanation: On March 24, 1339, Harwich was the target of an unsuccessful raid by French forces under Antonio Doria, which the town successfully repelled.

Explanation: Harwich is geographically situated in the county of Essex, England.

Explanation: Historical records indicate that two battles occurred on the River Stour, north of Harwich, in the year 885.

Explanation: In contemporary usage, Harwich is often referred to collectively with the contiguous settlements of Dovercourt and Parkeston.

Explanation: The Old English origin of 'Harwich' is 'here-wic,' which translates to 'military settlement.'

Explanation: Harwich was granted its official charter in the year 1238.

Explanation: The French forces that unsuccessfully raided Harwich in 1339 during the Hundred Years' War were led by Antonio Doria.

Explanation: The strategic position of Harwich at the estuaries of the Stour and Orwell rivers offers the sole safe anchorage between the River Thames and the Humber, a critical factor in its historical importance as a port.

Explanation: Harwich became a naval base in 1657, not 1713. However, it was indeed heavily fortified with structures such as the Harwich Redoubt and Beacon Hill Battery.

Explanation: While Harwich was the intended landing site for William of Orange's fleet on November 11, 1688, unfavorable winds diverted his fleet to Torbay, where he ultimately landed.

Explanation: Harwich indeed served as a Post Office Station for European communication and a base for capturing enemy privateers during the Napoleonic Wars, among other strategic roles.

Explanation: The Harwich Redoubt, a circular fort, dates from the Napoleonic era, not World War I.

Explanation: Harwich Dockyard was indeed established in 1652 and its official status as a Royal Dockyard concluded in 1713, though a Royal Navy presence continued for some time.

Explanation: HMS Conqueror, a 74-gun vessel constructed at Harwich Dockyard, is credited with capturing French Admiral Villeneuve during the Battle of Trafalgar.

Explanation: The first lighthouses in Harwich were established in 1665 on the Town Green, not in 1818 on Beacon Hill.

Explanation: After Harwich became a naval base in 1657, its fortifications included the Harwich Redoubt, Beacon Hill Battery, and Bath Side Battery. Tilbury Fort is not mentioned as a Harwich fortification.

Explanation: Due to unfavorable winds, William of Orange's fleet was diverted from its intended landing at Harwich to Torbay during the 1688 invasion.

Explanation: During the Napoleonic Wars, Harwich served as a Post Office Station, an embarkation/evacuation base, and a base for privateers, but not as a primary training ground for cavalry units.

Explanation: The Harwich Redoubt, a circular fort, is a notable structure from the Napoleonic era that remains standing today.

Explanation: Harwich Dockyard ceased its official operations as a Royal Dockyard in 1713.

Explanation: HMS Conqueror, a 74-gun ship constructed at Harwich Dockyard, is renowned for capturing French Admiral Villeneuve at the Battle of Trafalgar.

Explanation: The first lighthouses in Harwich were established in 1665 on the Town Green.

Explanation: Harwich served as a significant Royal Navy base during World War I, and its harbor was the site of the German U-boat fleet's surrender in November 1918.

Explanation: During the Battle of Britain in World War II, Harwich was unusually targeted by Italian bombers, not German bombers.

Explanation: After HMS Badger was decommissioned in 1946, the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service continued to use the site as a headquarters until 1992.

Explanation: The Royal Navy no longer maintains any presence in Harwich today.

Explanation: In November 1918, the German U-boat fleet formally surrendered to the Royal Navy in Harwich harbour.

Explanation: Harwich was unusually targeted by Italian bombers during the Battle of Britain in World War II.

Explanation: The Royal Naval Auxiliary Service maintained its headquarters at the former HMS Badger site until 1992.

Explanation: Harwich International Port currently offers regular ferry services to the Hook of Holland (Hoek van Holland) in the Netherlands, not Zeebrugge.

Explanation: Many operations of both the Port of Felixstowe and Trinity House are indeed managed from Harwich.

Explanation: The Mayflower railway line serves Harwich with three operational passenger stations: Harwich International, Dovercourt, and Harwich Town.

Explanation: The phrase 'Harwich for the Continent' was famously used by the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), not the Great Eastern Railway.

Explanation: A train ferry service indeed connected Harwich and Zeebrugge from 1924 to 1987, with operations suspended during World War II.

Explanation: Harwich International Port currently provides regular ferry services to the Hook of Holland (Hoek van Holland) in the Netherlands.

Explanation: The Mayflower railway line serving Harwich has three operational passenger stations: Harwich International, Dovercourt, and Harwich Town.

Explanation: The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was renowned for using the marketing slogan 'Harwich for the Continent.'

Explanation: John Constable's painting 'Harwich Lighthouse' was exhibited in 1820, while the original lighthouses ceased functioning in 1863.

Explanation: The entire older part of Harwich, *excluding* Navyard Wharf, is designated as a conservation area.

Explanation: The regular street plan and small alleys in Harwich are indicative of its medieval origins, not Roman origins.

Explanation: The Harwich Guildhall, constructed in 1769, holds the distinction of being the sole Grade I listed building in the town.

Explanation: Following its closure in 1923 due to declining passenger numbers, the Great Eastern Hotel was indeed converted into the Harwich Town Hall.

Explanation: The Electric Palace Cinema, constructed in 1911, is recognized as one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas that remains operational, retaining its original features.

Explanation: The Harwich International Shanty Festival, established in 2006, is an *annual* event, not biennial.

Explanation: John Constable's painting 'Harwich Lighthouse' depicts one of the Harwich lighthouses and was exhibited in 1820.

Explanation: The older part of Harwich, with the exception of Navyard Wharf, is designated as a conservation area due to its significant architectural and historical value.

Explanation: The Harwich Guildhall, built in 1769, is the only building in Harwich to hold a Grade I listing, indicating its exceptional national importance.

Explanation: The St. Nicholas parish church in Harwich, constructed in the early 1820s, was designed by M G Thompson of Dedham.

Explanation: After its closure in 1923, the Great Eastern Hotel was repurposed and converted into the Harwich Town Hall.

Explanation: The Electric Palace Cinema, built in 1911, is recognized as one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in operation, retaining its original architectural integrity.

Explanation: The Harwich International Shanty Festival was inaugurated in 2006.

Explanation: Harwich is considered the likely launch point for the Mayflower, and its captain, Christopher Jones, is presumed to have been born there.

Explanation: Daniel Defoe described Harwich in 1722 as 'a town of hurry and business, not much of gaiety and pleasure,' noting its formidable fort and vast harbor, contrary to the statement.

Explanation: Joseph Graham was a commercial shipbuilder who contracted to build ships at the Harwich Dockyard when it operated as a semi-private concern, not a Royal Navy officer.

Explanation: Christopher Newport, a privateer hailing from Harwich, led the expedition that established Jamestown, Virginia.

Explanation: Samuel Pepys, the celebrated diarist, indeed represented Harwich as a Member of Parliament.

Explanation: The Harwich and Manningtree Standard, the local newspaper, is published weekly on Fridays, not Thursdays.

Explanation: The motto on the Coat of Arms granted to Harwich Borough Council in 1943 is 'Omnia Bona Bonis,' which translates to 'To The Good All Things Are Good,' not 'Fortis et Fidelis.'

Explanation: Christopher Jones, the captain of the Mayflower, is presumed to have been born in Harwich.

Explanation: Charles Louis Schomberg was granted the title Marquess of Harwich in recognition of the Schomberg family's role in William of Orange's invasion.

Explanation: Daniel Defoe noted an unusual chalybeate spring on Beacon Hill in 1722, which he observed 'petrified' clay, making it suitable for paving and building.

Explanation: Joseph Graham was a commercial shipbuilder who contracted to build ships at the Harwich Dockyard.

Explanation: Christopher Newport was a privateer from Harwich who famously captained the expedition that led to the founding of Jamestown, Virginia.

Explanation: Samuel Pepys, the celebrated diarist, held the position of Member of Parliament for Harwich.

Explanation: Bernard Jenkin, a Conservative politician, has served as the Member of Parliament for Harwich and North Essex since 2010.

Explanation: Radio Mi Amigo is a community-based radio station that broadcasts from The Harwich Quay.

Explanation: The motto on the Coat of Arms granted to Harwich Borough Council is 'Omnia Bona Bonis,' meaning 'To The Good All Things Are Good.'