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Heilongjiang province is situated in the southwestern region of China.
Answer: False
Explanation: This assertion is geographically inaccurate. Heilongjiang province is located in the northeastern region of China, not the southwest. It constitutes China's northernmost and easternmost province.
Heilongjiang shares its northern and eastern borders exclusively with North Korea.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. While Heilongjiang shares a border with North Korea along its southeastern edge, its northern and eastern borders are primarily shared with the Russian Federation.
Harbin is the capital city of Heilongjiang province, which ranks among the largest Chinese provinces by area.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Harbin is indeed the capital of Heilongjiang province, and the province is recognized as one of the largest in China by total land area, ranking sixth.
The name 'Heilongjiang' literally translates to 'Yellow River Dragon'.
Answer: False
Explanation: This translation is incorrect. 'Heilongjiang' translates from Mandarin Chinese to 'Black Dragon River,' a name derived from the Amur River.
The Greater Khingan Range is a minor geographical feature in Heilongjiang, with most of the province being flat.
Answer: False
Explanation: This assertion is incorrect. The Greater Khingan Range is a significant geographical feature in Heilongjiang, and while parts of the province are flat, it also includes other mountain ranges like the Lesser Khingan Range and the Wanda Mountains.
Datudingzi Mountain, located within Heilongjiang, is the highest peak in the province.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Datudingzi Mountain, situated on the border with Jilin province, is recognized as the highest peak within Heilongjiang province.
The Songhua, Nen, and Mudan rivers are tributaries of the Yangtze River, flowing through Heilongjiang.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The Songhua, Nen, and Mudan rivers are significant waterways within Heilongjiang, but they are tributaries of the Amur River, not the Yangtze River.
Heilongjiang experiences a tropical monsoon climate with hot, humid summers and mild winters.
Answer: False
Explanation: This description is inaccurate. Heilongjiang primarily experiences a humid continental climate, characterized by long, severe winters and short, warm summers, rather than a tropical monsoon climate.
Heilongjiang's location makes it primarily a landlocked province with limited trade potential.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. While Heilongjiang is landlocked in terms of ocean access, its extensive border with Russia, particularly along the Amur River, provides significant international trade potential and makes it a key gateway for Sino-Russian commerce.
In which geographical region of China is Heilongjiang province situated?
Answer: Northeast China
Explanation: Heilongjiang province is located in the northeastern region of China, forming its northernmost and easternmost extent.
Which country shares a significant border with Heilongjiang province along its northern and eastern frontiers?
Answer: Russia
Explanation: The Russian Federation shares a substantial border with Heilongjiang province to its north and east, primarily along the Amur River.
What is the capital city of Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Harbin
Explanation: Harbin is the capital city of Heilongjiang province.
What is Heilongjiang's rank among Chinese provinces in terms of total land area?
Answer: Sixth-largest
Explanation: Heilongjiang province ranks as the sixth-largest among China's provincial-level administrative divisions by total area.
What is the literal translation of the name 'Heilongjiang'?
Answer: Black Dragon River
Explanation: The name 'Heilongjiang' translates from Mandarin Chinese to 'Black Dragon River,' a name derived from the Amur River.
Which of the following constitutes a major mountain range situated within Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Greater Khingan Range
Explanation: The Greater Khingan Range is a significant mountain system that extends into Heilongjiang province.
What is identified as the highest peak within Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Datudingzi Mountain
Explanation: Datudingzi Mountain, located on the border with Jilin province, is recognized as the highest peak in Heilongjiang province.
The Songhua, Nen, and Muling rivers, which flow through Heilongjiang, are tributaries of which major river?
Answer: Amur River
Explanation: The Songhua, Nen, and Muling rivers are all tributaries that eventually flow into the Amur River, which forms a significant portion of Heilongjiang's northern border.
What is the predominant climate type experienced across most of Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Humid Continental Climate
Explanation: Heilongjiang province primarily experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen classification Dwa/Dwb), characterized by cold, lengthy winters and warm, short summers.
Historical records indicate that the Khitan people were among the earliest inhabitants of the region now known as Heilongjiang.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is partially correct but incomplete. While Khitan people inhabited parts of the region, earlier inhabitants mentioned in historical records include the Sushen, Buyeo, Mohe, and Khitan. The Jurchen people, who established the Jin dynasty, also originated in this area.
The Jurchen Jin dynasty, a major historical power, originated outside the modern borders of Heilongjiang.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The Jurchen Jin dynasty, which later controlled much of northern China, originated within the modern borders of Heilongjiang province.
Heilongjiang was officially established as an administrative province during the Ming Dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Heilongjiang was officially established as an administrative province during the Qing Dynasty, specifically in 1683 during the Kangxi era.
Qing Dynasty policies actively discouraged Han Chinese migration into Manchuria, preserving its ethnic homogeneity.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is false. Qing Dynasty policies, particularly the 'Chuang Guandong' movement, actively encouraged Han Chinese migration into Manchuria, leading to a significant increase in the Han population and altering the region's ethnic composition.
The modern borders of Heilongjiang with Russia were established through treaties signed in the late 19th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. The modern northern and eastern borders of Heilongjiang with Russia were largely defined by the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860.
In the 20th century, Heilongjiang was briefly part of Manchukuo before becoming a Soviet territory.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is partially incorrect. While Heilongjiang was incorporated into Manchukuo during the Japanese occupation, it did not become a Soviet territory in its entirety after World War II. Following the defeat of Japan, Soviet forces occupied Manchuria, and the region subsequently became a stronghold for the Chinese Communist Party during the Civil War.
After the Chinese Civil War, Heilongjiang province was formed by merging the provinces of Qiqihar and Songjiang.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Following the Chinese Civil War, the province of Heilongjiang was established in 1954 through the merger of the former provinces of Songjiang (with Harbin as its capital) and Heilongjiang (with Qiqihar as its capital).
Which ancient people, according to historical records, inhabited the region of Heilongjiang and subsequently established the Jin dynasty?
Answer: Jurchen
Explanation: The Jurchen people, who established the powerful Jin dynasty, originated within the geographical area that now constitutes Heilongjiang province.
During the Qing Dynasty, in what year was Heilongjiang officially established as an administrative province?
Answer: 1683
Explanation: Heilongjiang was officially established as an administrative province during the Qing Dynasty in the year 1683, under the Kangxi Emperor.
What historical migration movement, facilitated by Qing Dynasty policies, resulted in a substantial increase of the Han Chinese population in Heilongjiang?
Answer: The Chuang Guandong movement
Explanation: The 'Chuang Guandong' (literally 'Entering the Frontier') movement, encouraged by Qing policies, led to a massive influx of Han Chinese settlers into Manchuria, significantly altering the region's demographic landscape.
Which treaties, signed in 1858 and 1860 respectively, were instrumental in defining Heilongjiang's modern borders with Russia?
Answer: Treaty of Aigun and Convention of Peking
Explanation: The Treaty of Aigun (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860) established the modern Sino-Russian border along the Amur and Ussuri rivers, thus defining Heilongjiang's northern and eastern boundaries.
What pivotal event occurred in Heilongjiang province during the period of 1931-1932?
Answer: It experienced a Japanese invasion and was incorporated into Manchukuo.
Explanation: Between 1931 and 1932, Heilongjiang province was subjected to Japanese invasion and subsequently incorporated into the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.
Heilongjiang province possesses one of the highest GDP per capita figures among all Chinese provinces.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is factually incorrect. Heilongjiang ranks as one of the provinces with lower GDP per capita, specifically noted as the second-poorest by this metric among Chinese provinces.
Heilongjiang province is primarily known for its lack of natural resources, relying heavily on imported goods.
Answer: False
Explanation: This assertion is false. Heilongjiang is rich in natural resources, including significant agricultural land, timber, oil, and coal, making it a key contributor to China's resource base.
In 2022, Heilongjiang's GDP was approximately 1.59 trillion RMB, with the secondary sector contributing the most.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is partially incorrect. While Heilongjiang's GDP was approximately 1.59 trillion RMB in 2022, the tertiary sector (services) contributed the most, not the secondary sector (industry).
The Daqing oilfields are a minor resource and play a negligible role in China's energy sector.
Answer: False
Explanation: This assertion is false. The Daqing oilfields are a major and historically significant source of petroleum, playing a crucial role in China's energy sector.
Heilongjiang is a major producer of rice, corn, and soybeans due to its fertile chernozem soil.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Heilongjiang's extensive chernozem (black soil) is highly fertile, supporting its significant production of staple crops like rice, corn, and soybeans, earning it the moniker 'China's grain barn'.
Modernization efforts in Heilongjiang's agriculture since the 1960s have focused solely on increasing mechanization.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. While mechanization has been a key aspect, modernization efforts in Heilongjiang's agriculture since the 1960s have also included increased use of chemical fertilizers and other advancements.
Heilongjiang leads China in milk production and is a significant source of lumber.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Heilongjiang is recognized as a national leader in milk cow population and milk production, and its extensive forests make it a significant supplier of lumber.
Heilongjiang's industrial sector primarily consists of high-tech manufacturing and advanced technology firms.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Heilongjiang's industrial sector is traditionally based on heavy industry, resource extraction (coal, petroleum), machinery, and food processing, rather than primarily high-tech manufacturing.
The 'Revitalize Northeast China' campaign aims to boost the economy of Manchuria, including Heilongjiang, by developing private sectors.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. The 'Revitalize Northeast China' campaign is a strategic initiative focused on economic reform and development in the region, with a key emphasis on fostering the growth of private sectors.
Chernozem soil, found extensively in Heilongjiang, is considered less fertile than sandy soils.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is factually incorrect. Chernozem, or black soil, is renowned for its high fertility and is considered one of the most productive soil types globally, far surpassing sandy soils in agricultural potential.
Pine and larch are the primary timber species harvested for lumber in Heilongjiang's forests.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Pine, particularly Korean pine, and larch are the principal timber species harvested for lumber in the extensive forests of Heilongjiang.
Heilongjiang is often referred to as China's 'grain barn' due to its significant agricultural output.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Heilongjiang's vast fertile lands and substantial production of key crops like rice, corn, and soybeans have earned it the designation of China's 'grain barn'.
Heilongjiang's Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.769 in 2022 is classified as 'low'.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. An HDI of 0.769 is classified as 'high' human development. Heilongjiang's HDI of 0.769 in 2022 ranks it 18th among China's administrative divisions.
Relative to other Chinese provinces, how does Heilongjiang's economic standing compare based on GDP per capita?
Answer: It ranks as the second-poorest province.
Explanation: Based on GDP per capita, Heilongjiang ranks as the second-poorest province in China, surpassed only by Gansu province.
Which of the following is NOT identified as a significant natural resource in Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Rare earth metals
Explanation: While Heilongjiang possesses abundant timber, oil, and fertile agricultural land, rare earth metals are not prominently listed among its significant natural resources.
What was Heilongjiang's approximate Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the year 2022?
Answer: 1.59 trillion RMB
Explanation: In 2022, Heilongjiang province recorded an approximate GDP of 1.59 trillion RMB.
Which economic sector contributed the most significantly to Heilongjiang's GDP in 2022?
Answer: Tertiary sector (Services)
Explanation: In 2022, the tertiary sector, encompassing services, was the largest contributor to Heilongjiang's GDP, followed by the secondary and primary sectors.
What is the significance of the Daqing oilfields to both Heilongjiang province and the broader context of China's energy sector?
Answer: They are a major source of petroleum for China's energy needs.
Explanation: The Daqing oilfields are critically important, serving as a primary source of petroleum for China's energy requirements and a cornerstone of Heilongjiang's industrial economy.
What type of soil, renowned for its exceptional fertility, is prevalent in Heilongjiang and underpins its substantial agricultural productivity?
Answer: Chernozem (black soil)
Explanation: Chernozem, commonly referred to as black soil, is extensively found in Heilongjiang and is highly fertile, supporting the province's significant agricultural output.
Beyond increased mechanization, what other critical factor has contributed to the modernization of Heilongjiang's agriculture since the 1960s?
Answer: Increased use of chemical fertilizers
Explanation: Alongside mechanization, the increased application of chemical fertilizers has been a crucial element in the modernization of Heilongjiang's agricultural practices since the 1960s.
According to available data, in which key industries does Heilongjiang province hold a leading national position?
Answer: Milk production and lumber supply
Explanation: Heilongjiang province is a national leader in milk production, ranking first in dairy cow population and milk output, and is also a significant contributor to China's lumber supply.
What significant challenge has Heilongjiang's industrial sector encountered, particularly in the aftermath of restructuring during the 1990s?
Answer: Economic stagnation
Explanation: Following industrial restructuring in the 1990s, Heilongjiang's traditional industrial sector experienced a period of economic stagnation.
What is the principal objective of the 'Revitalize Northeast China' campaign as it pertains to Heilongjiang province?
Answer: To promote private sector development and economic reform.
Explanation: The primary goal of the 'Revitalize Northeast China' campaign is to stimulate economic growth in the region, with a key strategy being the promotion of private sector development and comprehensive economic reforms.
What is the primary reason Heilongjiang province is frequently referred to as China's 'grain barn'?
Answer: Its fertile black soil supports vast agricultural output of key crops.
Explanation: Heilongjiang is designated as China's 'grain barn' due to its extensive tracts of highly fertile chernozem (black soil), which enable substantial production of essential crops like rice, corn, and soybeans.
In 2022, how was Heilongjiang's Human Development Index (HDI) classified?
Answer: High
Explanation: Heilongjiang's Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.769 in 2022 is classified as 'high,' indicating a relatively advanced level of human development.
In 2020, Harbin's city proper population was significantly smaller than its urban area population.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is factually incorrect. In 2020, Harbin's city proper population (10,009,854) was substantially larger than its recorded urban area population (5,805,358), indicating a large administrative core.
Heilongjiang province has experienced consistent population growth over the past decade.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Heilongjiang province has experienced a notable population decline over the past decade, decreasing significantly from its peak in 2010.
Han Chinese constitute the vast majority of Heilongjiang's population, with Manchus and Koreans being the largest minority groups.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Han Chinese form the overwhelming majority of Heilongjiang's population, with Manchus and Koreans identified as the most significant ethnic minority groups.
Chinese folk religions and Taoism are the predominant religious practices in Heilongjiang.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. The predominant religious landscape in Heilongjiang includes Chinese folk religions, often intertwined with Taoism, alongside Buddhism and Manchu shamanism.
Heilongjiang's culture is distinct and unrelated to the broader culture of Northeast China (Dongbei).
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Heilongjiang's culture is considered an integral part of the broader cultural sphere of Northeast China, commonly referred to as Dongbei culture, exhibiting significant regional homogeneity.
Harbin's tourist attractions are primarily limited to modern shopping centers and business districts.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is inaccurate. While Harbin has modern amenities, its tourist attractions also include significant historical architecture (reflecting Russian and European influences), cultural sites like the Ice and Snow World, and natural attractions.
Heilongjiang is recognized as a leading province for winter sports and related industries in China.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Due to its climate and infrastructure, Heilongjiang is a prominent center for winter sports and related industries in China, having hosted major international events.
Heilongjiang province has a population density significantly higher than the average for Chinese provinces.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Heilongjiang province has a population density that is lower than the average for Chinese provinces, ranking 28th among them.
According to data from 2020, what was the population of Harbin's city proper?
Answer: Approximately 10 million
Explanation: In 2020, the population of Harbin's city proper was recorded as approximately 10 million individuals.
What demographic trend has Heilongjiang province experienced in terms of population between 2010 and 2022?
Answer: Moderate decline
Explanation: Between 2010 and 2022, Heilongjiang province experienced a moderate population decline, with its population decreasing from approximately 38.3 million to 30.9 million.
Which ethnic group constitutes the overwhelming majority of Heilongjiang province's population?
Answer: Han Chinese
Explanation: The Han Chinese ethnic group forms the vast majority of Heilongjiang's population, constituting approximately 95.2% according to the 2000 census.
What is a prominent cultural and tourist attraction located in Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province?
Answer: The annual Ice and Snow World
Explanation: The annual Harbin Ice and Snow World is a globally renowned cultural and tourist attraction, celebrated for its elaborate ice sculptures and winter festivities.
Heilongjiang province is recognized as a national leader in China for which industry directly related to its climate?
Answer: Winter sports
Explanation: Due to its cold climate and extensive snowfall, Heilongjiang is a leading province in China for the development and promotion of winter sports and associated industries.
What is the approximate population density of Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Around 70 people per square kilometer
Explanation: The population density of Heilongjiang province is approximately 70.03 people per square kilometer, placing it below the national average.
The Beijing–Harbin Expressway (G1) is a major transportation corridor within Heilongjiang province.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. The G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway is a significant transportation artery that traverses Heilongjiang province, connecting it to the capital region.
Heilongjiang's railway network is isolated and does not connect to international routes.
Answer: False
Explanation: This assertion is incorrect. Heilongjiang's railway network is extensive and includes segments of international transportation routes, such as the Eurasian Land Bridge, and connects to Russia via bridges like the Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge.
The Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge, connecting China and Russia, has been fully operational for rail traffic since 2019.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. While the structural linkage of the Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge was completed in 2019, its opening to full rail traffic has faced repeated delays and was not operational by that year.
Which of the following is identified as a major expressway forming a key part of Heilongjiang's road network?
Answer: G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway
Explanation: The G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway is a significant transportation corridor that traverses Heilongjiang province, connecting it to major economic centers.
Heilongjiang's railway network incorporates a segment of which significant international transportation route?
Answer: The Eurasian Land Bridge
Explanation: Heilongjiang's railway infrastructure is part of the Eurasian Land Bridge, a vital international freight transport corridor connecting Asia and Europe.
The Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge connects Heilongjiang province with which specific region in the Russian Federation?
Answer: Nizhneleninskoye in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Explanation: The Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge spans the Amur River, linking Heilongjiang province to Nizhneleninskoye within Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast.
Heilongjiang province is divided into 13 prefecture-level administrative divisions.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. Heilongjiang province is administratively structured into 13 prefecture-level divisions.
In Heilongjiang's political structure, the Governor holds a higher rank than the Provincial Party Secretary.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. In China's political system, the Provincial Party Secretary typically holds a higher rank and greater authority than the Provincial Governor.
The Harbin Institute of Technology is the only major university located in Heilongjiang province.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. While the Harbin Institute of Technology is a prominent institution, Heilongjiang province hosts several other major universities, including Harbin Engineering University and Northeast Agricultural University.
The Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government is the ultimate policy-making body in the province.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. In China's political structure, the Communist Party's Provincial Committee is the primary policy-making body, with the Provincial People's Government serving as the executive branch.
How many administrative divisions at the prefecture level are contained within Heilongjiang province?
Answer: 13
Explanation: Heilongjiang province is administratively organized into 13 prefecture-level divisions.
Within Heilongjiang's political hierarchy, which position typically wields higher authority?
Answer: The Provincial Party Secretary
Explanation: In the political structure of Chinese provinces, including Heilongjiang, the Provincial Party Secretary holds a position of higher authority than the Provincial Governor.
Which of the following institutions is a prominent university situated within Heilongjiang province?
Answer: Harbin Institute of Technology
Explanation: The Harbin Institute of Technology is one of the major and highly regarded universities located in Heilongjiang province.