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The name 'Henan' accurately reflects that the entirety of the province's land area is situated south of the Yellow River.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Henan' means 'south of the river,' referring to the Yellow River. However, approximately a quarter of the province's land area is actually located north of the Yellow River.
Henan province covers an area of 64,000 square kilometers, encompassing a large portion of the North China Plain.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henan province covers an area of 167,000 square kilometers (64,000 square miles), not just 64,000 square kilometers, and encompasses a large portion of the North China Plain.
As of 2020, Henan was China's most populous province overall, with a population exceeding 99 million.
Answer: False
Explanation: As of 2020, Henan was China's third-most populous province, not the most populous overall, though its population did exceed 99 million.
The highest point in Henan province is Mount Song, one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
Answer: False
Explanation: The highest point in Henan province is Laoyachanao, while Mount Song is a notable sacred mountain but not the highest peak.
The Huai River in southern Henan is recognized as a geographical boundary dividing northern and southern Chinese climate and culture.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Huai River in southern Henan is indeed recognized as a significant geographical boundary dividing northern and southern Chinese climate and culture.
If Henan were an independent country, what would be its global ranking in terms of population as of 2020?
Answer: 17th-most populous worldwide.
Explanation: As of 2020, if Henan were an independent country, its population would rank it as the 17th-most populous worldwide.
What significant geographical feature, often referred to as the 'breadbasket of China,' does Henan province encompass a large portion of?
Answer: The North China Plain
Explanation: Henan province encompasses a large portion of the North China Plain, which is often referred to as the 'breadbasket of China' due to its agricultural productivity.
What is the geographical location of Henan province within China?
Answer: Central China, south of the Yellow River.
Explanation: Henan province is situated in Central China, and its name literally means 'south of the river,' referring to the Yellow River.
What is the highest point in Henan province?
Answer: Laoyachanao
Explanation: The highest point in Henan province is Laoyachanao, with an elevation of 2,413.8 meters (7,919 feet).
Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty, is one of the notable heritage sites located in Henan province.
Answer: True
Explanation: Yinxu, the ruins of the Shang dynasty's final capital, is indeed a significant heritage site located in Henan province, also recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Henan's historical prosperity stemmed primarily from its extensive mineral wealth and strategic military fortifications.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henan's historical prosperity primarily stemmed from its extensive fertile plains and central location, not primarily from mineral wealth or military fortifications.
The Erlitou culture is definitively identified as the Xia dynasty, the first Chinese dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Erlitou culture has been *controversially* identified with the Xia dynasty, meaning the identification is not definitive.
The first Chinese writing, known as oracle bone script, was created at Yin, the Shang dynasty's last capital, located in modern Anyang.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first Chinese writing, oracle bone script, was indeed created at Yin, the Shang dynasty's last and most important capital, which is located in modern Anyang.
During the Western Zhou period, the political and economic center of China remained within Henan province.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Western Zhou period, the capital and the political and economic center of China were moved away from Henan for the first time.
The Spring and Autumn period in what is now Henan was characterized by political stability and the unification of numerous small states.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Spring and Autumn period in Henan was characterized by warfare and rivalry, with numerous small, independent states constantly at war, not political stability or unification.
The Qin dynasty, established by Ying Zheng, quickly collapsed after his death in 210 BCE.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Qin dynasty, established by Ying Zheng, indeed quickly collapsed after his death in 210 BCE.
The Han dynasty's capital was initially Luoyang, which marked the beginning of the Eastern Han dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Han dynasty's initial capital was Chang'an; the move to Luoyang in 25 AD marked the beginning of the Eastern Han dynasty.
The Sui dynasty collapsed primarily due to external invasions from nomadic tribes.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Sui dynasty collapsed primarily due to Emperor Yang's costly and extravagant attempts to relocate the capital and construct numerous palaces, not external invasions.
During the Tang dynasty, Henan was recognized as one of the wealthiest regions in the Chinese empire.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Tang dynasty, Henan was indeed recognized as one of the wealthiest regions in the Chinese empire.
Kaifeng became the largest city in China and the world during the Song dynasty, ushering in an era of culture and prosperity.
Answer: True
Explanation: Kaifeng became the capital under the Song dynasty and grew to be the largest city in China and the world, ushering in an era of culture and prosperity.
The administrative borders of Henan province were first established in a form similar to their current ones during the Han dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The administrative borders of Henan province, similar to their current form, were established by the Yuan dynasty, not the Han dynasty.
Which of the following is NOT one of China's historical capitals located within Henan province?
Answer: Chang'an
Explanation: Luoyang, Anyang, Kaifeng, and Zhengzhou are historical capitals located in Henan. Chang'an (modern Xi'an) is not in Henan.
Which prehistoric cultures were active in what is now northern Henan during the Neolithic Era?
Answer: Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture
Explanation: Archaeological sites in northern Henan indicate that prehistoric cultures such as the Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture were active in the region during the Neolithic Era.
What is one of the primary reasons Henan is considered one of the cradles of Chinese civilization?
Answer: Its historical prosperity and central location.
Explanation: Henan is considered one of the cradles of Chinese civilization due to its historical prosperity and central location, which fostered early cultural and political development.
During which period did the capital and the political and economic center of China move away from Henan for the first time?
Answer: Western Zhou period
Explanation: During the Western Zhou period (c. 1046 – 771 BC), the capital and the political and economic center of China were moved away from Henan for the first time.
The move of the Han dynasty's capital to Luoyang in 25 AD marked the beginning of which period?
Answer: Eastern Han dynasty
Explanation: The move of the Han dynasty's capital to Luoyang in 25 AD marked the beginning of the Eastern Han dynasty.
What was the primary reason for the collapse of the Sui dynasty, despite its reunification of China?
Answer: Costly attempts by Emperor Yang to relocate the capital and construct palaces.
Explanation: The Sui dynasty collapsed primarily due to Emperor Yang's costly and extravagant attempts to relocate the capital to Luoyang and construct numerous palaces.
The Erlitou culture has been controversially identified with which early Chinese dynasty?
Answer: Xia dynasty
Explanation: The Erlitou culture has been controversially identified with the Xia dynasty, traditionally considered China's first dynasty.
Which prominent philosopher, the founder of Taoism, was born in northern Chu, a region now part of modern-day Henan, during the Spring and Autumn period?
Answer: Laozi
Explanation: Laozi, the founder of Taoism, was born in northern Chu, a region now part of modern-day Henan, during the Spring and Autumn period.
What significant change did Ying Zheng introduce after unifying China and crowning himself the first emperor?
Answer: He abolished the feudal system and centralized all powers.
Explanation: After unifying China, Ying Zheng abolished the feudal system and centralized all governmental powers.
Where was the Shang dynasty's last and most important capital, known for the creation of oracle bone script?
Answer: Yin (modern Anyang)
Explanation: The Shang dynasty's last and most important capital, where oracle bone script was created, was Yin, located in modern Anyang.
Which city became the largest in China and the world during the Song dynasty, ushering in an era of culture and prosperity?
Answer: Kaifeng
Explanation: Kaifeng became the largest city in China and the world during the Song dynasty, marking an era of significant cultural and economic prosperity.
Which dynasty established administrative borders for Henan that were very similar to the province's current ones?
Answer: Yuan dynasty
Explanation: The Yuan dynasty established administrative borders for Henan that were very similar to the province's current ones after conquering China in 1279.
Yuan Shikai, a man from Henan, played a crucial role in the establishment of the Republic of China and became its first president.
Answer: True
Explanation: Yuan Shikai, a native of Henan, played a crucial role in the establishment of the Republic of China and subsequently became its first president.
The bombing of the Huayuankou dam in 1938 was carried out by the Imperial Japanese Army to create a strategic flood.
Answer: False
Explanation: The bombing of the Huayuankou dam in 1938 was carried out by Chiang Kai-shek's government to impede the advancing Imperial Japanese Army, not by the Japanese themselves.
The great famine in Henan in 1942 was solely a result of severe drought conditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The great famine in Henan in 1942 was a consequence of severe drought, locust infestations, and the widespread destruction caused by the Second Sino-Japanese War, not solely drought.
The capital of Henan was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou in 1954 due to Kaifeng's declining historical significance.
Answer: False
Explanation: The capital of Henan was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou in 1954 primarily due to Zhengzhou's growing economic importance, not Kaifeng's declining historical significance.
Henan was one of the provinces most severely affected by the famines of the early 1960s, attributed to the Great Leap Forward.
Answer: True
Explanation: Henan was indeed one of the provinces most severely affected by the famines of the early 1960s, which are widely attributed to the Great Leap Forward.
The Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 was the most deadly dam-related disaster in human history.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Banqiao Dam failure in 1975, which resulted from extraordinarily high rainfall from Typhoon Nina, is recognized as the most deadly dam-related disaster in human history.
After Deng Xiaoping's 'open door policy' in 1978, Henan's economy experienced slower growth compared to the national average.
Answer: False
Explanation: After Deng Xiaoping's 'open door policy' in 1978, Henan's economy began expanding at a rate even faster than the national average by the 1990s.
What was the primary cause of the catastrophic dam failures in central and southern Henan in August 1975?
Answer: Extraordinarily high rainfall from Typhoon Nina.
Explanation: The catastrophic dam failures in central and southern Henan in August 1975 were primarily caused by extraordinarily high rainfall from Typhoon Nina.
What was the primary military objective behind Chiang Kai-shek's government bombing the Huayuankou dam in 1938?
Answer: To impede the advancing Imperial Japanese Army.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's government bombed the Huayuankou dam in 1938 with the primary military objective of impeding the advancing Imperial Japanese Army.
What combination of factors contributed to the great famine in Henan in 1942?
Answer: Severe drought, locust infestations, and war destruction.
Explanation: The great famine in Henan in 1942 was caused by a combination of severe drought, locust infestations, and the widespread destruction from the Second Sino-Japanese War.
How did Deng Xiaoping's 'open door policy' affect Henan's economy starting in 1978?
Answer: Henan's economy began expanding at a rate even faster than the national average.
Explanation: After Deng Xiaoping's 'open door policy' in 1978, Henan's economy began expanding at a rate even faster than the national average by the 1990s.
Why was Henan's capital relocated from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou in 1954?
Answer: Zhengzhou's growing economic importance.
Explanation: Henan's capital was relocated from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou in 1954 primarily due to Zhengzhou's growing economic importance.
What event marked the beginning of the 'Great Leap Forward' movement in China, occurring in Yashan, Suiping County, Henan, in 1958?
Answer: The creation of China's first people's commune.
Explanation: The creation of China's first people's commune in Yashan, Suiping County, Henan, in 1958, marked the beginning of the 'Great Leap Forward' movement.
In 2021, Henan's nominal GDP of US$926 billion surpassed the GDP of Turkey, making it the 18th-largest economy globally if it were an independent country.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2021, Henan's nominal GDP of US$926 billion indeed surpassed Turkey's GDP, positioning it as the 18th-largest economy globally if it were an independent nation.
Henan's GDP per capita is considered high when compared to other eastern and central provinces in China.
Answer: False
Explanation: Despite its large total GDP, Henan's GDP per capita is considered low when compared to other eastern and central provinces in China.
High-tech industries and the service sector in Henan are primarily concentrated around the cities of Zhengzhou and Luoyang.
Answer: True
Explanation: High-tech industries and the service sector in Henan are indeed primarily concentrated around the cities of Zhengzhou and Luoyang.
What is the approximate total length of Henan's expressway system, which is the highest for any Chinese province?
Answer: 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles)
Explanation: Henan's expressway system has a total length of approximately 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles), which is the highest for any Chinese province.
Which province in South Central China has a larger provincial economy than Henan?
Answer: Guangdong
Explanation: Henan is the second-largest provincial economy in South Central China, after Guangdong.
Which mineral resource does Henan possess the world's second-largest reserves of?
Answer: Molybdenum
Explanation: Henan possesses the world's second-largest molybdenum reserves, a significant component of its mining-related industries.
Which of the following agricultural products does Henan have the highest output of in China?
Answer: Wheat and sesame
Explanation: Henan has the nation's highest output of wheat and sesame, making it a key agricultural producer.
Henan ranks first among all Chinese provinces and municipalities in terms of its number of institutions of higher education.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henan ranks first in Central China for higher education institutions, but third among all Chinese provinces and municipalities after Jiangsu and Guangdong.
As of 2023, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, and Xinxiang were the only three cities in Henan province that ranked among the top 200 globally for scientific research output.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of 2023, Zhengzhou (76th), Kaifeng (154th), and Xinxiang (195th) were indeed the three cities in Henan province ranked among the top 200 globally for scientific research output by the Nature Index.
In which region does Henan rank first for its number of higher education institutions?
Answer: Central China
Explanation: Henan ranks first in the Central China region for its number of higher education institutions.
As of 2023, which city in Henan province had the highest global ranking for scientific research output according to the Nature Index?
Answer: Zhengzhou
Explanation: As of 2023, Zhengzhou had the highest global ranking (76th) among Henan cities for scientific research output according to the Nature Index.