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Herbert L. Osgood Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

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Study Guide: Herbert Levi Osgood: A Pioneer in Colonial American Historiography

Cheat Sheet:
Herbert Levi Osgood: A Pioneer in Colonial American Historiography Study Guide

Biographical and Educational Background

Herbert Levi Osgood was primarily known as a political scientist who specialized in European history.

Answer: False

Explanation: The source identifies Herbert Levi Osgood as an American historian whose primary specialization was colonial American history, not a political scientist focused on European history.

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Osgood earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University and his PhD from Amherst College.

Answer: False

Explanation: Herbert Levi Osgood earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Amherst College and his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree from Columbia University, not Yale and Amherst respectively.

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Herbert Levi Osgood was born in New York City and died in Canton, Maine.

Answer: False

Explanation: Herbert Levi Osgood was born in Canton, Maine, and died in New York City, US.

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Osgood's scholarly period began in 1886 and concluded with his death in 1918.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood's scholarly period spanned from 1886 to 1924, extending beyond his death in 1918 due to posthumous publications.

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Osgood's year in Berlin was spent teaching at a local high school before returning to the US.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood spent a year in Berlin during his graduate studies to engage with European academic traditions and further his research, returning to the US to teach at Brooklyn High School *after* Berlin and before resuming graduate studies at Columbia.

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Osgood's year in Berlin was part of his undergraduate studies at Amherst.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood's year in Berlin occurred during his graduate studies, after receiving his Master's from Amherst and taking graduate classes at Yale, before resuming graduate studies at Columbia.

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What was Herbert Levi Osgood's primary academic specialization?

Answer: Colonial American history

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Where did Herbert Levi Osgood earn his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree?

Answer: Columbia University

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Herbert Levi Osgood was born in Canton, Maine, on what date?

Answer: April 9, 1855

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What was Osgood's academic path immediately after graduating from Amherst College in 1877?

Answer: He spent a year in Berlin, then taught at Brooklyn High School, and resumed graduate studies at Columbia.

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Herbert Levi Osgood passed away in which city?

Answer: New York City, US

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What was the purpose of Osgood's year spent in Berlin during his graduate studies?

Answer: To engage with European academic traditions and further his research.

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What was the primary subject of Herbert Levi Osgood's scholarly work?

Answer: American history, specifically colonial history

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Academic Career at Columbia and Mentorship

John W. Burgess was Osgood's student at Columbia University and later founded *Political Science Quarterly*.

Answer: False

Explanation: John W. Burgess was Herbert L. Osgood's political science professor and mentor, not his student. Burgess founded *Political Science Quarterly*.

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Herbert L. Osgood began teaching at Columbia University in 1891, focusing on colonial and American Revolution history.

Answer: True

Explanation: Herbert L. Osgood began teaching the course on 'Political History of the Colonies and the American Revolution' at Columbia University in 1891.

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Charles Austin Beard and Arthur Meier Schlesinger were among Osgood's notable doctoral students at Columbia.

Answer: True

Explanation: Charles Austin Beard and Arthur Meier Schlesinger are listed among Osgood's notable doctoral students at Columbia University.

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As a professor at Columbia, Osgood was known for directing numerous dissertations for future major historians.

Answer: True

Explanation: As a professor at Columbia University, Herbert L. Osgood directed numerous dissertations for scholars who later became major historians.

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Osgood was appointed professor at Columbia University in 1896 and held that position until his retirement in 1910.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood was appointed professor at Columbia University in 1896 and remained in that position until his death in 1918, not his retirement in 1910.

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George Louis Beer, an 'Imperial School' historian, was a student of Osgood at Columbia.

Answer: True

Explanation: George Louis Beer, a notable 'Imperial School' historian, was one of Osgood's students at Columbia.

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Who was John W. Burgess in relation to Herbert L. Osgood's academic career?

Answer: His political science professor and mentor

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When did Herbert L. Osgood begin teaching the course on 'Political History of the Colonies and the American Revolution' at Columbia University?

Answer: 1891

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Which of the following was NOT a notable doctoral student of Herbert L. Osgood at Columbia?

Answer: Edward Channing

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When was Osgood appointed professor at Columbia University, a position he held until his death?

Answer: 1896

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Which other notable 'Imperial School' historian was Osgood's student at Columbia?

Answer: George Louis Beer

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Historiographical Methodology and 'Imperial School'

Herbert L. Osgood was a prominent leader of the 'Imperial historians' school of thought.

Answer: True

Explanation: The source explicitly states that Herbert L. Osgood was a leader of the 'Imperial historians' school of thought.

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Osgood's scholarly writing style was characterized by a strong narrative flow and popular accessibility.

Answer: False

Explanation: Herbert L. Osgood's scholarly work was characterized by extensive and detailed analysis of primary sources, with minimal narrative flow, prioritizing careful analysis for other historians.

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Edward Channing's historical works were primarily based on direct primary research, similar to Osgood's approach.

Answer: False

Explanation: Edward Channing's works, while popularly accessible, were based more on a synthesis of secondary sources, contrasting with Osgood's direct primary research approach.

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Osgood's work was sometimes compared to that of the German historian Leopold von Ranke due to his emphasis on primary sources.

Answer: True

Explanation: Osgood's work was sometimes compared to Leopold von Ranke, a German historian known for his emphasis on primary sources and objective historical writing.

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The 'Imperial School' historians, including Osgood, aimed to portray colonists heroically and the British as evil.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 'Imperial School' historians, including Osgood, aimed to move beyond partisan studies that often portrayed colonists heroically and the British as evil, focusing instead on imperial ties.

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Osgood was the first American historian to acknowledge the complexity and experimental nature of imperial structures.

Answer: True

Explanation: According to biographer Gwenda Morgan, Osgood was the first American historian to acknowledge the complexity and experimental nature of imperial structures, as well as the contradictions between theory and practice.

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Which historical school of thought was Herbert L. Osgood a leader of?

Answer: The Imperial historians

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What was a defining characteristic of Herbert L. Osgood's scholarly writing style?

Answer: Extensive and detailed analysis of primary sources

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Osgood's writing style, which focused on detailed analysis of primary sources, contrasted with which historian's approach of synthesizing secondary sources for popular accessibility?

Answer: Edward Channing

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To which influential German historian was Osgood's work sometimes compared due to his emphasis on primary sources?

Answer: Leopold von Ranke

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What was the primary aim of the 'Imperial School' historians, including Osgood, regarding colonial studies?

Answer: To focus on the internal operations and structures of the British Empire

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What did Osgood's work contribute to the understanding of the British Empire's structures, according to Gwenda Morgan?

Answer: It recognized the intricate, experimental nature of imperial structures and contradictions between theory and practice.

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Major Scholarly Works and Public Service

Osgood's doctoral dissertation was based on articles published in the *American Historical Review*.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood's doctoral dissertation was based on articles published in *Political Science Quarterly*, specifically 'Scientific Socialism' and 'Scientific Anarchism'.

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After completing his doctorate, Osgood conducted research on colonial America in French archives.

Answer: False

Explanation: After completing his doctorate, Osgood traveled to London to study documents related to colonial America in the archives of the British Museum and the Public Record Office, not French archives.

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Osgood first criticized partisan colonial studies in his article 'Scientific Socialism.'

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood first articulated his critical view of partisan colonial studies in his article 'England and the Colonies,' not 'Scientific Socialism'.

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Osgood contributed an article on early American history to the 11th edition of the *Encyclopædia Britannica*.

Answer: True

Explanation: Herbert L. Osgood wrote an article on early American history for the 11th edition of the *Encyclopædia Britannica*.

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Osgood relied solely on student assistants to gather material for his major multi-volume works, never visiting archives himself.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood, with the assistance of students, personally visited archives in various states and Britain to examine original historical documents for his major works.

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*The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century* was Osgood's second major multi-volume series, published posthumously.

Answer: False

Explanation: *The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century* was Osgood's *first* major multi-volume series, published between 1904 and 1907. The sequel, *The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century*, was published posthumously.

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*The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century* was fully completed and edited by Osgood before his death.

Answer: False

Explanation: At the time of Osgood's death, a chapter on slavery for *The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century* was yet to be written, and the final editing of the entire work was incomplete.

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Osgood's thorough report for the American Historical Association's Public Archives Commission focused on the state of Massachusetts.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood handled the section on New York for the Public Archives Commission, and his report was exceptionally thorough for that state.

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Osgood edited the *Minutes of the Common Council of the City of New York, 1675-1776* as a public service.

Answer: True

Explanation: As a public service, Osgood edited the eight-volume *Minutes of the Common Council of the City of New York, 1675-1776*.

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Osgood's article 'England and the Colonies' was published in *Political Science Quarterly* in 1897.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood's article 'England and the Colonies' was published in *Political Science Quarterly* in September 1887, not 1897.

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Osgood's article 'Scientific Socialism' was published in March 1889.

Answer: False

Explanation: Osgood's article 'Scientific Socialism' was published in December 1886. 'Scientific Anarchism' was published in March 1889.

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What journal published Osgood's early articles 'Scientific Socialism' and 'Scientific Anarchism,' which formed the basis of his doctoral dissertation?

Answer: Political Science Quarterly

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Where did Osgood conduct research on colonial America after completing his doctorate?

Answer: British Museum and Public Record Office in London

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In which early article did Osgood first articulate his critical view of partisan colonial studies?

Answer: England and the Colonies

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What was the title of Osgood's first major multi-volume series, published between 1904 and 1907?

Answer: The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century

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What unfinished task remained for *The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century* at the time of Osgood's death?

Answer: A chapter on slavery was yet to be written, and final editing was needed.

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For which state did Osgood prepare an exceptionally thorough report for the American Historical Association's Public Archives Commission project in 1900?

Answer: New York

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What was the title of the four-volume sequel to *The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century*, published posthumously in 1924?

Answer: The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century

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What public service editing project did Osgood undertake, compiling eight volumes of municipal documents?

Answer: Minutes of the Common Council of the City of New York, 1675-1776

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What was the subject of Osgood's article published in December 1886 in *Political Science Quarterly*?

Answer: Scientific Socialism

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How did Osgood gather material for his major multi-volume works?

Answer: He personally visited archives in various states and Britain to examine original documents.

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Legacy, Influence, and Critical Assessment

Dixon Ryan Fox, Osgood's son-in-law, authored a biography of Osgood published in 1924.

Answer: True

Explanation: Dixon Ryan Fox, Herbert L. Osgood's son-in-law, authored the biography titled *Herbert Levi Osgood, an American scholar*, published in 1924.

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According to Gwenda Morgan, Osgood's work primarily emphasized imperial influences as the shapers of colonial development.

Answer: False

Explanation: Gwenda Morgan concluded that, in Osgood's view, American factors, rather than imperial influences, were the primary shapers of the colonies' development.

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Osgood's work is no longer considered valuable for professional historians today.

Answer: False

Explanation: Gwenda Morgan states that Osgood's work still holds significant value for professional historians, particularly for understanding the colonies' position within the early British Empire and their internal political development.

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Ernest Staples Osgood, a historian of the American West, was Herbert L. Osgood's brother.

Answer: False

Explanation: Ernest Staples Osgood, a historian of the American West, was Herbert L. Osgood's nephew, not his brother.

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The papers of Herbert L. Osgood are primarily housed at the Library of Congress.

Answer: False

Explanation: The papers of Herbert L. Osgood are available at Columbia University's Rare Book & Manuscript Library, not primarily at the Library of Congress.

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*The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century* received negative reviews in academic circles upon its publication.

Answer: False

Explanation: *The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century* received favorable reviews in academic literature upon its publication.

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Who authored the biography of Herbert L. Osgood titled *Herbert Levi Osgood, an American scholar*?

Answer: Dixon Ryan Fox

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According to biographer Gwenda Morgan, what new sophistication did Osgood bring to colonial studies?

Answer: An institutional perspective on how the Atlantic was bridged and the complexity of imperial structures.

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What did Gwenda Morgan conclude were the primary shapers of the colonies' development, according to Osgood's view?

Answer: American factors within the colonies

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Where are the papers of Herbert L. Osgood available for research?

Answer: Columbia University's Rare Book & Manuscript Library

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Which of the following historians was Osgood's nephew and a prominent historian of the American West?

Answer: Ernest Staples Osgood

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According to Gwenda Morgan, what enduring value does Osgood's work hold for professional historians today?

Answer: It helps understand the colonies' position within the early British Empire and their internal political development.

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What was the general academic reception of Osgood's *The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century* upon its publication?

Answer: It received favorable reviews in academic literature.

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