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Heroes' Square is primarily recognized for its iconic Millennium Monument, which includes statues of the Seven chieftains of the Magyars and other national leaders.
Answer: True
Explanation: Heroes' Square is indeed primarily known for its Millennium Monument, which prominently features the Seven chieftains of the Magyars and other national leaders, as detailed in the source.
Heroes' Square is located at the inner city end of Andrássy Avenue, directly adjacent to the Hungarian Parliament Building.
Answer: False
Explanation: Heroes' Square is located at the outbound end of Andrássy Avenue, adjacent to City Park, not the inner city end or the Parliament Building.
The reburial of Imre Nagy at Heroes' Square in 1989 was a minor event attended by only a few thousand people, signifying a gradual political shift.
Answer: False
Explanation: The reburial of Imre Nagy in 1989 was a highly significant event, attracting 250,000 people and marking a pivotal moment in Hungary's transition from the Communist era.
Heroes' Square is the only square in Budapest named Hősök tere.
Answer: False
Explanation: There are three other squares in Budapest named Hősök tere, in addition to the famous Heroes' Square.
The Museum of Fine Arts and the Palace of Art flank Heroes' Square, with the Serbian embassy located on the opposite side from Andrássy Avenue.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Museum of Fine Arts and the Palace of Art are indeed situated on either side of Heroes' Square, and the Serbian embassy (formerly Yugoslavian) faces the square from across Andrássy Avenue.
The Kunsthalle Budapest is located on the left side of the Millennium Monument.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kunsthalle Budapest (Palace of Art) is located on the right side of the Millennium Monument, while the Museum of Fine Arts is on the left.
The Serbian embassy, formerly the Yugoslavian embassy, is located opposite Heroes' Square from Andrássy Avenue.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Serbian embassy, which previously housed the Yugoslavian embassy, is indeed situated opposite Heroes' Square, facing it from Andrássy Avenue.
What is the primary landmark feature of Heroes' Square in Budapest?
Answer: The Millennium Monument
Explanation: Heroes' Square is primarily recognized for its iconic Millennium Monument, which serves as its central landmark feature.
In which district of Budapest is Heroes' Square located?
Answer: Zugló
Explanation: Heroes' Square is situated within the Zugló district of Budapest, adjacent to City Park.
What significant historical event occurred at Heroes' Square on June 16, 1989?
Answer: The reburial of former Prime Minister Imre Nagy
Explanation: June 16, 1989, marked the historic reburial of former Prime Minister Imre Nagy at Heroes' Square, a pivotal event in Hungary's political transition.
Besides the famous Heroes' Square, how many other squares named Hősök tere exist in Budapest?
Answer: Three
Explanation: In addition to the well-known Heroes' Square, there are three other squares in Budapest that bear the name Hősök tere.
Which two significant cultural institutions flank Heroes' Square?
Answer: The Museum of Fine Arts and the Palace of Art
Explanation: Heroes' Square is flanked by the Museum of Fine Arts on its left and the Palace of Art (Műcsarnok) on its right.
Where did Imre Nagy seek sanctuary in 1956, which is now the Serbian embassy?
Answer: The Yugoslavian embassy
Explanation: Imre Nagy sought sanctuary in the Yugoslavian embassy in 1956, which is now the Serbian embassy, located opposite Heroes' Square.
What is the Hungarian name for Heroes' Square?
Answer: Hősök tere
Explanation: The Hungarian name for Heroes' Square is Hősök tere.
All sculptures at Heroes' Square were exclusively created by György Zala from Lendva.
Answer: False
Explanation: While György Zala created most of the sculptures, György Vastagh also contributed one statue to Heroes' Square.
The back of the Millennium Monument features two symmetrical colonnades, each with seven statues representing great figures from Hungarian history.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Millennium Monument's rear indeed comprises two symmetrical colonnades, each adorned with seven statues depicting significant figures from Hungarian history.
Who sculpted most of the statues at Heroes' Square?
Answer: György Zala
Explanation: György Zala from Lendva was the principal sculptor responsible for most of the statues at Heroes' Square.
The central column of the Millennium Monument is topped by a statue of Saint George slaying the dragon.
Answer: False
Explanation: The central column of the Millennium Monument is topped by a statue of the Archangel Gabriel, not Saint George.
Archangel Gabriel on the Millennium Monument holds the Holy Crown of St. Stephen and a single-barred cross.
Answer: False
Explanation: Archangel Gabriel holds the Holy Crown of St. Stephen and a two-barred apostolic cross, not a single-barred cross.
The seven mounted figures at the base of the central column represent the Magyar chieftains who led the Hungarian people into the Carpathian Basin.
Answer: True
Explanation: The seven mounted figures at the base of the central column are indeed the Magyar chieftains, symbolizing their leadership in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.
Árpád is traditionally considered the founder of the Hungarian nation and is positioned at the front of the Magyar chieftains' group.
Answer: True
Explanation: Árpád is traditionally recognized as the founder of the Hungarian nation and is prominently placed at the forefront of the Magyar chieftains' depiction on the monument.
The depictions of the Magyar chieftains and their horses on the monument are historically accurate representations based on extensive records.
Answer: False
Explanation: Due to a lack of historical records, the depictions of the Magyar chieftains and their horses are considered more artistic interpretations rather than historically accurate representations.
What figure tops the central column of the Millennium Monument?
Answer: Archangel Gabriel
Explanation: The central column of the Millennium Monument is crowned by a statue of the Archangel Gabriel.
What two significant items does Archangel Gabriel hold on the Millennium Monument?
Answer: The Holy Crown of St. Stephen and a two-barred apostolic cross
Explanation: Archangel Gabriel holds the Holy Crown of St. Stephen and a two-barred apostolic cross, symbolizing Hungarian sovereignty and Christian heritage.
Who is traditionally considered the founder of the Hungarian nation among the depicted Magyar chieftains?
Answer: Árpád
Explanation: Árpád is traditionally recognized as the founder of the Hungarian nation and is prominently featured among the Magyar chieftains.
Which of the following is NOT one of the Seven chieftains of the Magyars depicted on the monument?
Answer: István
Explanation: The Seven chieftains of the Magyars are Árpád, Előd, Ond, Kond, Tas, Huba, and Töhötöm. István (Stephen I) is a later Hungarian king, not one of the chieftains.
What is the two-barred apostolic cross a symbol of, as held by Archangel Gabriel?
Answer: Papal recognition for converting Hungary to Christianity
Explanation: The two-barred apostolic cross held by Archangel Gabriel symbolizes the papal recognition granted to St. Stephen for his efforts in converting Hungary to Christianity.
After World War II, the statues of the ruling Habsburg dynasty on the left colonnade were replaced with new figures reflecting a changed national identity.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following World War II, the original Habsburg statues on the left colonnade were indeed replaced during reconstruction to reflect Hungary's altered national and political landscape.
The original statues on the left colonnade included Hungarian national heroes like Lajos Kossuth and Francis II Rákóczi.
Answer: False
Explanation: The original statues on the left colonnade were of Habsburg rulers (Ferdinand I, Leopold I, Charles III, Maria Theresa, and Franz Joseph), not Hungarian national heroes like Kossuth or Rákóczi, who are on the right colonnade.
The relief beneath Ferdinand I's original statue depicted the Battle of Zenta.
Answer: False
Explanation: The relief beneath Ferdinand I's statue depicted the Defense of the Castle at Eger, while the Battle of Zenta was depicted under Leopold I's statue.
Stephen I of Hungary's relief depicts him leading a crusade to the Holy Land.
Answer: False
Explanation: Stephen I's relief depicts him receiving the crown from an emissary of the Pope, not leading a crusade to the Holy Land (which is depicted under Andrew II's statue).
Coloman of Hungary's relief shows him prohibiting the burning of witches.
Answer: True
Explanation: The relief beneath Coloman of Hungary's statue accurately depicts him prohibiting the burning of witches, a notable legal reform of his reign.
Béla IV of Hungary's relief depicts him rebuilding the country after the devastating Mongol invasion.
Answer: True
Explanation: Béla IV's relief accurately portrays his efforts to rebuild Hungary following the destructive Mongol invasion, a key aspect of his reign.
The relief beneath Maria Theresa's original statue showed the Hungarian Diet voting support for her during the War of the Austrian Succession.
Answer: True
Explanation: The relief beneath Maria Theresa's original statue accurately depicts the Hungarian Diet pledging support for her with 'vitam et sanguinem' during the War of the Austrian Succession.
The relief beneath Franz Joseph's original statue depicted his coronation by Gyula Andrássy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The relief beneath Franz Joseph's original statue accurately portrays his coronation by Gyula Andrássy, a key event in the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
Ladislaus I of Hungary's relief portrays him receiving the Holy Crown from the Pope.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ladislaus I's relief depicts him slaying a Cuman abductor, while Stephen I's relief shows him receiving the crown from the Pope.
Charles I of Hungary's relief shows King Ladislaus IV defeating Ottokar at the battle of Marchfeld.
Answer: True
Explanation: The relief beneath Charles I of Hungary's statue accurately depicts King Ladislaus IV's victory over Ottokar at the Battle of Marchfeld.
Louis I of Hungary's relief illustrates him negotiating a peace treaty with Naples.
Answer: False
Explanation: Louis I of Hungary's relief depicts him occupying Naples, not negotiating a peace treaty.
What change occurred to the statues on the left colonnade of the Millennium Monument after World War II?
Answer: Habsburg dynasty statues were replaced with current figures.
Explanation: After World War II, the original Habsburg dynasty statues on the left colonnade were replaced with new figures to reflect a changed national identity.
Which of these was an original Habsburg ruler depicted on the Millennium Monument's left colonnade?
Answer: Franz Joseph
Explanation: Franz Joseph was one of the Habsburg rulers originally depicted on the left colonnade of the Millennium Monument.
What event was depicted in the relief beneath Ferdinand I's original statue?
Answer: The Defense of the Castle at Eger
Explanation: The relief beneath Ferdinand I's original statue depicted the Defense of the Castle at Eger.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Stephen I of Hungary's statue?
Answer: Receiving the crown from an emissary of the Pope
Explanation: The relief beneath Stephen I of Hungary's statue depicts him receiving the crown from an emissary of the Pope, symbolizing the Christianization of Hungary.
Which historical figure's relief shows him prohibiting the burning of witches?
Answer: Coloman
Explanation: Coloman of Hungary's relief specifically depicts him prohibiting the burning of witches, a notable legal reform of his reign.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Béla IV of Hungary's statue?
Answer: Rebuilding the country after the Mongol invasion
Explanation: The relief beneath Béla IV of Hungary's statue portrays him rebuilding the country following the devastating Mongol invasion.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Leopold I's original statue?
Answer: Eugene of Savoy's victory over the Turks at the Battle of Zenta
Explanation: The relief beneath Leopold I's original statue depicts Eugene of Savoy's victory over the Turks at the Battle of Zenta.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Maria Theresa's original statue?
Answer: The Hungarian Diet voting support for her with 'vitam et sanguinem'
Explanation: The relief beneath Maria Theresa's original statue portrays the Hungarian Diet pledging support for her with 'vitam et sanguinem' during the War of the Austrian Succession.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Franz Joseph's original statue?
Answer: His coronation by Gyula Andrássy
Explanation: The relief beneath Franz Joseph's original statue depicts his coronation by Gyula Andrássy, a significant event related to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Ladislaus I of Hungary's statue?
Answer: Slaying a Cuman abductor
Explanation: The relief beneath Ladislaus I of Hungary's statue portrays him slaying a Cuman abductor, an act highlighting his legendary bravery.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Andrew II of Hungary's statue?
Answer: Leading a crusade to the Holy Land
Explanation: The relief beneath Andrew II of Hungary's statue depicts him leading a crusade to the Holy Land, referencing his participation in the Fifth Crusade.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Charles I of Hungary's statue?
Answer: King Ladislaus IV defeating Ottokar at the battle of Marchfeld
Explanation: The relief beneath Charles I of Hungary's statue depicts King Ladislaus IV's victory over Ottokar at the Battle of Marchfeld.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Louis I of Hungary's statue?
Answer: Occupying Naples
Explanation: The relief beneath Louis I of Hungary's statue illustrates King Louis the Great occupying Naples, showcasing his military campaigns.
John Hunyadi's relief on the right colonnade portrays the Siege of Belgrade in 1456.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Hunyadi's relief accurately depicts the Siege of Belgrade in 1456, a significant military victory he led.
Matthias Corvinus's relief shows him leading a military campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: Matthias Corvinus's relief depicts him with his scholars, emphasizing his role as a patron of arts and sciences, not leading a military campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
Gabriel Bethlen's statue was sculpted by György Vastagh, and his relief shows him concluding a treaty with Bohemia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gabriel Bethlen's statue was indeed sculpted by György Vastagh, and his relief accurately portrays him concluding a treaty with Bohemia.
Imre Thököly's relief depicts the battle of Szikszó, a significant engagement during his rebellion.
Answer: True
Explanation: Imre Thököly's relief accurately depicts the Battle of Szikszó, a key event in his anti-Habsburg rebellion.
Francis II Rákóczi's relief illustrates him returning from Poland, marking a key moment in his War of Independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis II Rákóczi's relief accurately shows him returning from Poland, a pivotal moment that initiated his War of Independence.
Lajos Kossuth's relief shows him signing the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lajos Kossuth's relief depicts him rallying the peasants of the Great Plain, symbolizing his leadership in the 1848 Revolution, not signing the Compromise of 1867.
István Bocskay's relief shows him concluding a treaty with Bohemia.
Answer: False
Explanation: István Bocskay's relief depicts Hajdú soldiers defeating Habsburg imperial forces, not concluding a treaty with Bohemia (which is depicted under Gabriel Bethlen's statue).
What event is depicted in the relief beneath John Hunyadi's statue?
Answer: The Siege of Belgrade in 1456
Explanation: The relief beneath John Hunyadi's statue accurately depicts the Siege of Belgrade in 1456, a crucial victory against the Ottoman Empire.
Who sculpted the statue of Gabriel Bethlen on the right colonnade?
Answer: György Vastagh
Explanation: The statue of Gabriel Bethlen on the right colonnade was specifically sculpted by György Vastagh.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Imre Thököly's statue?
Answer: The battle of Szikszó
Explanation: The relief beneath Imre Thököly's statue accurately portrays the Battle of Szikszó, a significant engagement during his rebellion.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Francis II Rákóczi's statue?
Answer: Returning from Poland
Explanation: The relief beneath Francis II Rákóczi's statue depicts him returning from Poland, a key moment in his War of Independence.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath Lajos Kossuth's statue?
Answer: Rallying the peasants of the Great Plain
Explanation: The relief beneath Lajos Kossuth's statue portrays him rallying the peasants of the Great Plain, symbolizing his leadership during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
What event is depicted in the relief beneath István Bocskay's statue?
Answer: Hajdú soldiers defeating the Habsburg imperial forces
Explanation: The relief beneath István Bocskay's statue depicts Hajdú soldiers defeating the Habsburg imperial forces, a key event in his War of Independence.
The allegorical figures at the outer left end of the left colonnade symbolize War, while those at the inner right end represent Labour and Wealth.
Answer: False
Explanation: The allegorical figures at the outer left end of the left colonnade symbolize Labour and Wealth, while the figure at the inner right end represents War.
The allegorical figures at the inner right end of the right colonnade symbolize Knowledge and Glory.
Answer: False
Explanation: The allegorical figure at the inner right end of the right colonnade symbolizes Peace, while Knowledge and Glory are at the outer left end of the right colonnade.
The allegorical figure of Peace on the right colonnade is depicted holding a sword and shield.
Answer: False
Explanation: The allegorical figure of Peace on the right colonnade is depicted holding a palm frond, not a sword and shield.
The allegorical figures of Knowledge and Glory are represented by a man holding a small golden statue and a woman with a palm frond.
Answer: True
Explanation: The allegorical figures of Knowledge and Glory are indeed represented by a double statue featuring a man with a small golden statue and a woman with a palm frond.
What do the allegorical figures at the outer left end of the left colonnade symbolize?
Answer: Labour and Wealth
Explanation: The allegorical figures at the outer left end of the left colonnade, depicting a man with a scythe and a woman sowing seed, symbolize Labour and Wealth.
What do the allegorical figures at the inner right end of the right colonnade symbolize?
Answer: Peace
Explanation: The allegorical figure at the inner right end of the right colonnade, a female figure holding a palm frond, symbolizes Peace.
What allegorical figures are located at the outer (left) end of the right colonnade?
Answer: Knowledge and Glory
Explanation: The allegorical figures of Knowledge and Glory are situated at the outer (left) end of the right colonnade.
The Memorial Stone of Heroes is a burial place for unknown soldiers, similar to a Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes is a cenotaph, not a burial place, and Hungary does not have a 'Tomb of the Unknown Soldier' with human remains interred at this site.
The Memorial Stone of Heroes was originally erected in 1929, removed by the Communist regime in 1951, and rebuilt in 1956.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes has a complex history, being erected in 1929, removed in 1951 due to political reasons, and then rebuilt in 1956.
An ancient Roman bathhouse is located directly beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes.
Answer: False
Explanation: Directly beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes is an artesian well, not an ancient Roman bathhouse.
The artesian well beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes provides hot water for the Széchenyi thermal bath and the Dagály Baths.
Answer: True
Explanation: The artesian well beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes serves the practical purpose of supplying hot water to both the Széchenyi thermal bath and the Dagály Baths.
The artesian well at Heroes' Square produces water at 971 degrees Celsius from a depth of 74 meters.
Answer: False
Explanation: The artesian well produces water at 74 degrees Celsius from a depth of 971 meters, not the other way around, and certainly not 971 degrees Celsius.
The Memorial Stone of Heroes is generally open to the public for visitation, except during major national holidays.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes is generally off-limits to visitors, with access permitted only for foreign dignitaries and official state ceremonies by the Ministry of Defence.
The Memorial Stone of Heroes is dedicated to the memory of those who died defending Hungary's 100-year-old borders.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes was originally dedicated to those who died defending Hungary's 1000-year-old borders, not 100-year-old borders.
What is the Memorial Stone of Heroes primarily dedicated to?
Answer: The memory of heroes who gave their lives for freedom and national independence
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes is dedicated to the memory of heroes who sacrificed their lives for the freedom and national independence of the Hungarian people.
Is the Memorial Stone of Heroes a burial place?
Answer: No, it is a cenotaph with no human remains interred.
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes is a cenotaph, a commemorative monument that does not contain any human remains, and it is not Hungary's 'Tomb of the Unknown Soldier'.
When was the Memorial Stone of Heroes originally erected?
Answer: 1929
Explanation: The Memorial Stone of Heroes was originally erected in 1929 to honor those who died defending Hungary's borders.
What is located directly beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes?
Answer: An artesian well
Explanation: Directly beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes is an artesian well, drilled by Vilmos Zsigmondy.
What is the practical purpose of the artesian well beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes?
Answer: To provide hot water for local thermal baths
Explanation: The artesian well beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes provides hot water for the Széchenyi thermal bath and the Dagály Baths.
What is the temperature of the water produced by the artesian well at Heroes' Square?
Answer: 74 degrees Celsius
Explanation: The artesian well at Heroes' Square produces hot water at a temperature of 74 degrees Celsius.
Who drilled the artesian well beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes?
Answer: Vilmos Zsigmondy
Explanation: The artesian well beneath the Memorial Stone of Heroes was drilled by Vilmos Zsigmondy, and completed in 1878.
What is the name of the thermal bath located behind the Millennium Monument, supplied by the artesian well?
Answer: Széchenyi thermal bath
Explanation: The Széchenyi thermal bath, located behind the Millennium Monument, is one of the thermal baths supplied by the artesian well.
The Millennium Memorial was constructed to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Millennium Memorial was built to commemorate the thousandth anniversary (millennium) of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 896, not the 500th.
The Millennium Memorial was part of a larger urban development project that included the expansion of Andrássy Avenue and the construction of Budapest's first metro line.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Millennium Memorial was indeed part of a broader urban modernization effort that involved the development of Andrássy Avenue and the creation of the Millennium Underground Railway.
The Millennium Memorial and surrounding museums were officially inaugurated in 1900, the same year the square received its name.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the square received its name in 1900, the Millennium Memorial and surrounding museums were officially inaugurated later, in 1906, after the allegorical sculptures were added.
The Millennium Underground Railway was the second metro system built in continental Europe.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Millennium Underground Railway was the first metro system built in continental Europe, a significant engineering achievement.
The Millennium Monument commemorates the 1000th anniversary of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 896.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Millennium Monument was specifically erected to commemorate the thousandth anniversary of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the establishment of the Hungarian state in 896.
When did the construction of the Millennium Memorial begin?
Answer: 1896
Explanation: The construction of the Millennium Memorial commenced in 1896, coinciding with the thousandth anniversary of the Hungarian conquest.
Which of the following was NOT part of the larger urban development project that included the Millennium Memorial?
Answer: Building of the Chain Bridge
Explanation: The larger urban development project included the expansion and refurbishing of Andrássy Avenue and the construction of Budapest's first metro line, but not the building of the Chain Bridge.
In what year were the Millennium Memorial and surrounding museums officially inaugurated?
Answer: 1906
Explanation: The Millennium Memorial and its adjacent museums were officially inaugurated in 1906, after the allegorical sculptures were added.