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Study Guide: The Hitler Cabinet: Structure, Powers, and Personnel

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The Hitler Cabinet: Structure, Powers, and Personnel Study Guide

Formation and Initial Composition (1933)

President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor on January 30, 1933, leading a cabinet composed solely of Nazi Party members.

Answer: False

Explanation: While President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor on January 30, 1933, the initial cabinet was a coalition, the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation, which included members from both the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the German National People's Party (DNVP), not solely Nazi members.

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Franz von Papen was instrumental in arranging Hitler's appointment as Chancellor and subsequently held the position of Vice-Chancellor.

Answer: True

Explanation: Franz von Papen played a crucial role in facilitating Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor and assumed the position of Vice-Chancellor within the initial cabinet.

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The original designation of Hitler's first cabinet was the 'Cabinet of National Unity'.

Answer: False

Explanation: The original designation for Hitler's first cabinet was the 'Reich Cabinet of National Salvation', not the 'Cabinet of National Unity'.

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Franz von Papen's strategy in forming the initial cabinet involved ensuring a strong majority of Nazi ministers to consolidate Hitler's power.

Answer: False

Explanation: Franz von Papen's strategy aimed to limit Hitler's power by ensuring a minority of Nazi ministers in the initial cabinet, intending to control Hitler through a coalition with conservative elements like the DNVP.

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The Hitler cabinet was initially designated the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation.

Answer: True

Explanation: The initial designation of Hitler's first cabinet, formed in January 1933, was indeed the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation.

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The initial coalition government included the German National People's Party (DNVP) and the Centre Party (Zentrum).

Answer: False

Explanation: The initial coalition government, the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation, comprised the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the German National People's Party (DNVP). The Centre Party (Zentrum) was not part of this coalition.

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Who appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor, marking the beginning of the Hitler cabinet?

Answer: Paul von Hindenburg

Explanation: President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor on January 30, 1933, initiating the period of the Hitler cabinet.

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Which political party, besides the Nazi Party (NSDAP), was a key component of the initial Hitler cabinet?

Answer: The German National People's Party (DNVP)

Explanation: The initial Hitler cabinet, known as the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation, was a coalition that included the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the German National People's Party (DNVP).

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What was Franz von Papen's primary role in the formation of the initial Hitler cabinet?

Answer: He was instrumental in arranging Hitler's appointment and took the position of Vice-Chancellor.

Explanation: Franz von Papen played a pivotal role in orchestrating Hitler's appointment as Chancellor and subsequently served as Vice-Chancellor in the initial cabinet.

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What was the original designation of Hitler's first cabinet?

Answer: The Reich Cabinet of National Salvation

Explanation: The initial designation of Hitler's first cabinet, formed in January 1933, was the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation.

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The initial coalition government included the German National People's Party (DNVP) and which other party?

Answer: The Nazi Party (NSDAP)

Explanation: The initial coalition government that formed the Hitler cabinet comprised the German National People's Party (DNVP) and the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Key Personnel and Ministerial Transitions

Konstantin von Neurath (Foreign Affairs) and Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (Finance) were holdovers from the previous administration in Hitler's initial cabinet.

Answer: True

Explanation: Konstantin von Neurath, serving as Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, as Reich Minister of Finance, were indeed retained from the previous government and included in Hitler's initial cabinet.

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Franz von Papen served as Vice-Chancellor of the German Reich from January 30, 1933, until the dissolution of the cabinet in 1945.

Answer: False

Explanation: Franz von Papen served as Vice-Chancellor only from January 30, 1933, until August 7, 1934, not for the entire duration of the cabinet's existence.

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Joachim von Ribbentrop succeeded Konstantin von Neurath as Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs on February 4, 1938.

Answer: True

Explanation: Joachim von Ribbentrop assumed the role of Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs on February 4, 1938, replacing Konstantin von Neurath, who then transitioned to a minister without portfolio.

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Wilhelm Frick held the position of Reich Minister of the Interior until the very end of the Hitler cabinet in April 1945.

Answer: False

Explanation: Wilhelm Frick served as Reich Minister of the Interior until August 20, 1943, after which Heinrich Himmler took over the position.

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Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk served as the Reich Minister of Finance for the entire duration of the Hitler cabinet.

Answer: True

Explanation: Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk maintained his position as Reich Minister of Finance throughout the entire operational period of the Hitler cabinet, from January 30, 1933, to April 30, 1945.

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Franz Gürtner served as Reich Minister of Justice until his death on January 29, 1941, after which Otto Georg Thierack immediately took over.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Franz Gürtner served as Reich Minister of Justice until his death on January 29, 1941, Franz Schlegelberger served as Acting Minister immediately thereafter, before Otto Georg Thierack assumed the role.

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Werner von Blomberg held the position of Reich Minister of the Reichswehr, later War Minister, until February 4, 1938.

Answer: True

Explanation: Werner von Blomberg served as the Reich Minister of the Reichswehr and subsequently as War Minister until his resignation on February 4, 1938.

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Hermann Göring served as Reich Minister of Economics from November 1937 until February 1938, and also held the portfolio of Reich Minister of Aviation.

Answer: True

Explanation: Hermann Göring held multiple significant roles, including Reich Minister of Economics from November 1937 to January 1938 and Reich Minister of Aviation from May 1933 onwards.

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Joseph Goebbels was appointed Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda in March 1933.

Answer: True

Explanation: Joseph Goebbels assumed the crucial position of Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda in March 1933.

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Fritz Todt served as Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions until the end of World War II.

Answer: False

Explanation: Fritz Todt served as Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions from March 1940 until his death in February 1942. Albert Speer succeeded him in this role.

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Alfred Rosenberg was appointed Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories on July 17, 1941.

Answer: True

Explanation: Alfred Rosenberg was appointed to the newly created position of Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories on July 17, 1941.

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Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach was dismissed from his position in January 1937 for refusing to join the Nazi Party.

Answer: True

Explanation: Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach resigned from his ministerial post in January 1937 after refusing to accept the Golden Party Badge and join the Nazi Party, unlike many other non-Nazi members at the time.

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Karl Dönitz was granted cabinet rank in January 1943 as Commander-in-Chief of the Army.

Answer: False

Explanation: Karl Dönitz was granted cabinet rank in January 1943, but as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, not the Army. That role was held by Walther von Brauchitsch.

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Hjalmar Schacht served as Reich Minister of Economics from August 1934 until November 1937.

Answer: True

Explanation: Hjalmar Schacht held the portfolio of Reich Minister of Economics during the period of August 1934 to November 1937.

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Wilhelm Frick was succeeded as Reich Minister of the Interior by Heinrich Himmler in August 1943.

Answer: True

Explanation: Heinrich Himmler assumed the role of Reich Minister of the Interior in August 1943, succeeding Wilhelm Frick in that position.

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Franz Seldte served as Reich Minister of Labour from January 30, 1933, until the cabinet's end on April 30, 1945.

Answer: True

Explanation: Franz Seldte held the position of Reich Minister of Labour continuously from the inception of the Hitler cabinet on January 30, 1933, until its dissolution on April 30, 1945.

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Werner von Blomberg resigned as Reich Minister of War in February 1938, after which the ministry was abolished and replaced by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).

Answer: True

Explanation: Following Werner von Blomberg's resignation as Reich Minister of War in February 1938, the ministry was indeed abolished, and its functions were largely absorbed by the newly prominent Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).

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Which of the following ministers was a holdover from the previous government in the initial Hitler cabinet?

Answer: Konstantin von Neurath

Explanation: Konstantin von Neurath, serving as Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs, was a holdover from the previous administration and was included in Hitler's initial cabinet.

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Which individual served as Reich Minister of Finance for the entire duration of the Hitler cabinet?

Answer: Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk

Explanation: Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk held the position of Reich Minister of Finance throughout the entire existence of the Hitler cabinet, from January 30, 1933, to April 30, 1945.

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Who replaced Konstantin von Neurath as Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs in February 1938?

Answer: Joachim von Ribbentrop

Explanation: Joachim von Ribbentrop succeeded Konstantin von Neurath as Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs in February 1938.

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What happened to the position of Reich Minister of War in February 1938 following Werner von Blomberg's resignation?

Answer: It was abolished, and the Chief of the OKW was granted cabinet rank.

Explanation: Upon Werner von Blomberg's resignation in February 1938, the position of Reich Minister of War was abolished. The Chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) subsequently gained cabinet status.

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Who was appointed Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions in March 1940?

Answer: Fritz Todt

Explanation: Fritz Todt was appointed as the Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions in March 1940.

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Which individual succeeded Fritz Todt as Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions in February 1942?

Answer: Albert Speer

Explanation: Albert Speer took over the role of Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions in February 1942, following the death of Fritz Todt.

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Heinrich Himmler took over the position of Reich Minister of the Interior in August 1943, succeeding whom?

Answer: Wilhelm Frick

Explanation: Heinrich Himmler succeeded Wilhelm Frick as the Reich Minister of the Interior in August 1943.

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Franz Gürtner held the position of Reich Minister of Justice from January 30, 1933, until when?

Answer: January 29, 1941

Explanation: Franz Gürtner served as Reich Minister of Justice from January 30, 1933, until his death on January 29, 1941.

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Who succeeded Alfred Hugenberg as Reich Minister of Economics in June 1933?

Answer: Kurt Schmitt

Explanation: Kurt Schmitt succeeded Alfred Hugenberg as Reich Minister of Economics in June 1933.

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What significant event occurred in July 1934 involving Ernst Röhm, who held a cabinet position?

Answer: He was murdered.

Explanation: Ernst Röhm, who held the position of Reich Minister without Portfolio, was murdered in July 1934 as part of the Night of the Long Knives.

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Which of the following was NOT a role held by Hermann Göring within the Hitler cabinet?

Answer: Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

Explanation: Hermann Göring held portfolios including Reich Minister of Aviation and Reich Minister of Economics, and also served as Reich Minister without Portfolio. Joseph Goebbels was the Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda.

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Which of the following military leaders was granted cabinet rank as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy?

Answer: Erich Raeder

Explanation: Erich Raeder held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and was granted cabinet rank. Karl Dönitz succeeded him in this role and also held cabinet rank.

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Franz Seldte served as Reich Minister of Labour from January 30, 1933, until when?

Answer: April 30, 1945

Explanation: Franz Seldte served as Reich Minister of Labour for the entire duration of the Hitler cabinet, concluding on April 30, 1945.

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Who succeeded Konstantin von Neurath as Minister of Foreign Affairs, while Neurath remained in the cabinet as a minister without portfolio?

Answer: Joachim von Ribbentrop

Explanation: Joachim von Ribbentrop replaced Konstantin von Neurath as Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs in February 1938. Neurath subsequently continued in the cabinet as a minister without portfolio.

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Cabinet Evolution and Influence

Cabinet meetings of the Hitler cabinet became more frequent and detailed after the Enabling Act of 1933.

Answer: False

Explanation: Following the passage of the Enabling Act of 1933, serious deliberations within the cabinet diminished, and meetings became increasingly sporadic rather than more frequent and detailed.

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Between 1933 and 1941, the War Ministry was abolished and replaced by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).

Answer: True

Explanation: During the period between 1933 and 1941, the structure of the cabinet evolved significantly, including the abolition of the War Ministry and its replacement by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).

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Officials like Baldur von Schirach and Ernst Wilhelm Bohle were authorized to attend Reich cabinet meetings only if discussions involved their specific areas of jurisdiction.

Answer: True

Explanation: Certain officials, such as Baldur von Schirach and Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, were granted authorization to attend Reich cabinet meetings, but their participation was contingent upon the discussions pertaining directly to their respective areas of responsibility.

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Martin Bormann's significant influence by the end of World War II was primarily due to his position as head of the Party Chancellery.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Martin Bormann headed the Party Chancellery, his significant influence by the end of World War II stemmed predominantly from his role as Secretary to the Führer, which granted him control over access to Adolf Hitler.

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Martin Bormann was granted cabinet rank from the beginning of the Hitler cabinet in 1933.

Answer: False

Explanation: Martin Bormann was not granted cabinet rank at the inception of the Hitler cabinet in 1933. He received this status much later, on May 29, 1941.

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The last full meeting of Hitler's cabinet occurred in February 1937.

Answer: False

Explanation: The last full meeting of Hitler's cabinet took place on February 5, 1938, not in February 1937.

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What happened to the frequency and nature of Hitler cabinet meetings after the Enabling Act of 1933?

Answer: Deliberations diminished and meetings became sporadic.

Explanation: Post-Enabling Act, the cabinet's role shifted from deliberation to execution. Consequently, serious discussions within cabinet meetings decreased, and their frequency became sporadic.

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Which ministry was abolished and replaced by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) between 1933 and 1941?

Answer: Ministry of War

Explanation: Between 1933 and 1941, the War Ministry was abolished and its functions were largely superseded by the establishment and rise of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).

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How did Martin Bormann exert significant influence in the later years of the Hitler cabinet?

Answer: Through his control over access to Hitler as Secretary to the Führer.

Explanation: Martin Bormann's considerable influence stemmed primarily from his position as Secretary to the Führer, which gave him control over access to Adolf Hitler, rather than solely from his leadership of the Party Chancellery.

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When did Martin Bormann officially gain cabinet rank?

Answer: May 29, 1941

Explanation: Martin Bormann was officially granted cabinet rank on May 29, 1941, significantly later than the cabinet's formation.

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End of the Cabinet and Post-War Judgment

The Hitler cabinet officially served as the government of Nazi Germany from January 30, 1933, until Adolf Hitler's death on April 30, 1945.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Hitler cabinet's operational period spanned from January 30, 1933, commencing with Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor, until his death on April 30, 1945, marking the conclusion of Nazi Germany's government.

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Following Adolf Hitler's death, the Goebbels cabinet immediately succeeded the Hitler cabinet.

Answer: True

Explanation: Adolf Hitler's death on April 30, 1945, led to the immediate succession of the Goebbels cabinet, which was itself a short-lived government preceding the Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk (the Flensburg Government).

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Adolf Hitler served as Chancellor of the German Reich throughout the entire existence of the Hitler cabinet, from its inception to his death.

Answer: True

Explanation: Adolf Hitler held the position of Chancellor of the German Reich continuously from the establishment of the Hitler cabinet on January 30, 1933, until his death on April 30, 1945.

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The Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk, also known as the Flensburg Government, was the immediate successor to the Hitler cabinet after Hitler's death.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk (Flensburg Government) succeeded the short-lived Goebbels cabinet, which was the immediate successor to the Hitler cabinet following Hitler's death.

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The International Military Tribunal (IMT) indicted the Reich Cabinet as a criminal organization after the war.

Answer: True

Explanation: As part of the broader indictment of the Nazi regime, the Reich Cabinet, under the designation Reichsregierung (Reich Government), was indeed indicted as a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal.

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The International Military Tribunal ultimately determined that the Reich Cabinet was not a criminal organization.

Answer: True

Explanation: Despite the indictment, the International Military Tribunal's final judgment concluded that the Reich Cabinet, as an entity, was not a criminal organization.

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Five members of the Reich Cabinet committed suicide by May 1945, including Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler.

Answer: True

Explanation: By May 1945, five members of the Reich Cabinet had committed suicide: Adolf Hitler, Martin Bormann, Heinrich Himmler, Joseph Goebbels, and Bernhard Rust.

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Eight surviving members of the Reich Cabinet tried by the IMT received death sentences, while six were imprisoned.

Answer: True

Explanation: In the International Military Tribunal trials, eight surviving members of the Reich Cabinet received death sentences, and six were sentenced to imprisonment, with two being acquitted.

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Hermann Göring and Hans Lammers were forced to resign from the cabinet in April 1945.

Answer: True

Explanation: In the final days of the regime, both Hermann Göring and Hans Lammers were compelled to resign from their cabinet positions in April 1945.

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The Reich Cabinet was found to be a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal.

Answer: False

Explanation: The International Military Tribunal ultimately determined that the Reich Cabinet, as an entity, was not a criminal organization, although individual members were prosecuted.

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Eight surviving members of the Reich Cabinet tried by the IMT were acquitted.

Answer: False

Explanation: Of the fifteen surviving members of the Reich Cabinet tried by the IMT, two were acquitted (Hjalmar Schacht and Franz von Papen). Eight received death sentences, and six were imprisoned.

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What was the official operational period of the Hitler cabinet?

Answer: January 30, 1933, to April 30, 1945

Explanation: The Hitler cabinet officially served as the government of Nazi Germany from January 30, 1933, until Adolf Hitler's death on April 30, 1945.

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Who succeeded Adolf Hitler as Chancellor immediately following his death on April 30, 1945?

Answer: Joseph Goebbels

Explanation: Immediately following Adolf Hitler's death, Joseph Goebbels briefly assumed the chancellorship before his own death, leading to the succession by the Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk.

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According to the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg, what was the criminal status of the Reich Cabinet?

Answer: It was found not to be a criminal organization.

Explanation: The International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg ultimately determined that the Reich Cabinet, as an entity, was not a criminal organization, although individual members faced prosecution.

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How many surviving members of the Reich Cabinet were tried by the International Military Tribunal (IMT)?

Answer: Fifteen

Explanation: Fifteen surviving members of the Reich Cabinet were tried by the International Military Tribunal (IMT). Martin Bormann was tried in absentia.

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Which of the following was NOT among the five members of the Reich Cabinet known to have committed suicide by May 1945?

Answer: Joachim von Ribbentrop

Explanation: Adolf Hitler, Martin Bormann, Heinrich Himmler, Joseph Goebbels, and Bernhard Rust were the five members of the Reich Cabinet known to have committed suicide by May 1945. Joachim von Ribbentrop was executed after being convicted at Nuremberg.

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The Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk, also known as the Flensburg Government, succeeded which government?

Answer: The Goebbels Cabinet

Explanation: The Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk, or the Flensburg Government, was the successor to the brief Goebbels Cabinet, which itself followed the Hitler Cabinet.

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How many surviving members of the Reich Cabinet tried by the IMT were acquitted?

Answer: Two

Explanation: Two surviving members of the Reich Cabinet tried by the International Military Tribunal (IMT), Hjalmar Schacht and Franz von Papen, were acquitted.

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