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The House of Gorizia derived its name from Gorizia Castle, a significant stronghold located in a city now on the border between Italy and Slovenia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The House of Gorizia indeed derived its name from Gorizia Castle, a key stronghold in the city of Gorizia, which is now situated on the Italian-Slovenian border.
The House of Gorizia ruled the County of Gorizia for approximately two centuries, from the early 13th century until the mid-1400s.
Answer: False
Explanation: The House of Gorizia ruled the County of Gorizia from the early 12th century until 1500, a period longer than two centuries and starting earlier than the 13th century.
The House of Gorizia was first mentioned as 'Count of Gorizia' in the early 10th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The House of Gorizia was first mentioned as 'Count of Gorizia' in 1117, which is the early 12th century, not the early 10th century.
The Meinhardiner dynasty is believed to have originated from the Rhenish Franconian Siegharding dynasty.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical evidence suggests that the Meinhardiner dynasty likely originated from the Rhenish Franconian Siegharding dynasty.
Emperor Conrad II established two Prince-bishoprics, Brixen and Trient, in Tyrol in 1027 to serve as centers of Imperial power.
Answer: True
Explanation: Emperor Conrad II did establish the Prince-bishoprics of Brixen and Trient in Tyrol in 1027, designating them as vital centers of Imperial authority.
The Counts of Tyrol gained power by directly challenging the authority of the Trient and Brixen prince-bishops.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Counts of Tyrol initially gained power by serving as bailiffs for the Trient and Brixen prince-bishops, exercising judicial power on their behalf, rather than by directly challenging their authority.
What was the House of Gorizia also known as, and what type of dynasty were they within the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: The Meinhardiner, a comital, princely, and ducal dynasty.
Explanation: The House of Gorizia was also known as the Meinhardiner, functioning as a comital, princely, and ducal dynasty within the Holy Roman Empire, reflecting their varied noble ranks and territorial rule.
From what geographical feature did the House of Gorizia derive its name?
Answer: Gorizia Castle, located in the city of Gorizia.
Explanation: The House of Gorizia derived its name from Gorizia Castle, a significant stronghold in the city of Gorizia, which is now situated on the border between Italy and Slovenia.
What was the initial role of the House of Gorizia in the Patriarchate of Aquileia?
Answer: They were appointed as 'advocates' or *Vogts*, managing temporal affairs.
Explanation: The House of Gorizia initially served as 'advocates,' or *Vogts*, in the Patriarchate of Aquileia, a role that involved managing the temporal affairs and providing secular protection for the ecclesiastical institution.
For how long did the House of Gorizia rule the County of Gorizia (Görz)?
Answer: From the early 12th century until the year 1500.
Explanation: The House of Gorizia ruled the County of Gorizia (Görz) from the early 12th century until the year 1500, a period spanning several centuries of significant regional influence.
According to historical records, where was the place of origin for the House of Gorizia?
Answer: The Puster Valley in Tyrol.
Explanation: Historical sources indicate that the place of origin for the House of Gorizia was the Puster Valley in Tyrol.
From which earlier dynasty did the Meinhardiner likely originate?
Answer: The Rhenish Franconian Siegharding dynasty.
Explanation: The Meinhardiner dynasty is believed to have originated from the Rhenish Franconian Siegharding dynasty.
Which two Prince-bishoprics were established by Emperor Conrad II in Tyrol in 1027 to serve as centers of Imperial power?
Answer: Brixen and Trient.
Explanation: Emperor Conrad II established the Prince-bishoprics of Brixen (Bressanone) and Trient (Trento) in Tyrol in 1027, designating them as key centers of Imperial power.
The House of Gorizia was primarily known as the Guelphs due to their strong support for the papacy within the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The House of Gorizia were Ghibellines, known for their staunch support of the Holy Roman Emperors against the papacy, not the Guelphs.
At the peak of their power, the House of Gorizia controlled territories that included most of contemporary Slovenia, parts of Austria, and a portion of northeast Italy.
Answer: True
Explanation: At the height of their influence, the House of Gorizia indeed controlled extensive territories encompassing much of modern Slovenia, parts of Austria, and a section of northeast Italy.
Both branches of the House of Gorizia allied with King Ottokar II of Bohemia against King Rudolf I of Germany.
Answer: False
Explanation: Both branches of the House of Gorizia allied with King Rudolf I of Germany against King Ottokar II of Bohemia, not with Ottokar II.
Following the Battle of Marchfeld, the Gorizia-Tyrol line was awarded the Windic March and the County of Metlika.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the Battle of Marchfeld, it was the Albertine branch that was granted most of the Windic March and the County of Metlika, while the Gorizia-Tyrol line received the Duchy of Carinthia and other territories.
Tyrol was strategically important in the Middle Ages due to its rich mineral resources, not its mountain passes.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tyrol's strategic importance in the Middle Ages stemmed from its lowest crossings over the Central Eastern Alps, which were crucial for travel to Italy, rather than its mineral resources.
Count Meinhard III of Gorizia assumed power in the Tyrolean lands by conquering them from the original Counts of Tyrol.
Answer: False
Explanation: Count Meinhard III of Gorizia assumed power in the Tyrolean lands through inheritance, marrying Adelheid, the daughter of Albert IV of Tyrol, who died without male heirs.
Count Meinhard IV (Meinhard II of Tyrol) was known for expanding the County of Tyrol and establishing an exemplary administration.
Answer: True
Explanation: Count Meinhard IV, also known as Meinhard II of Tyrol, is indeed recognized for expanding and unifying the County of Tyrol and for establishing an exemplary administrative system.
What was the political alignment of the House of Gorizia within the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: They aligned with the Ghibellines, supporting the Emperors against the papacy.
Explanation: The House of Gorizia were Ghibellines, known for their staunch support of the Holy Roman Emperors against the papacy.
When did the House of Gorizia reach the peak of its power, and what event contributed to this?
Answer: Between the 1280s and 1310s, following the Battle of Marchfeld.
Explanation: The House of Gorizia reached the zenith of its power between the 1280s and 1310s, a period significantly influenced by the aftermath of the Battle of Marchfeld.
Which of the following territories were *not* primarily governed by the House of Gorizia at the height of their influence?
Answer: Duchy of Bavaria and Swabia.
Explanation: At the height of their influence, the House of Gorizia primarily governed territories in contemporary Slovenia, Austria, and northeast Italy, including the County of Gorizia, Tyrol, Savinja, Carinthia, and Carniola, but not the Duchy of Bavaria and Swabia.
When did the House of Gorizia begin its rule over the County of Tyrol?
Answer: 1253
Explanation: The House of Gorizia commenced its rule over the County of Tyrol in 1253, significantly expanding its territorial influence.
Against which king did both branches of the House of Gorizia participate in a coalition, fighting alongside King Rudolf I of Germany?
Answer: King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
Explanation: Both branches of the House of Gorizia participated in a coalition alongside King Rudolf I of Germany against the Premyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia.
What awards did the Gorizia-Tyrol line receive after Ottokar II's defeat in the Battle of Marchfeld?
Answer: Dukes of Carinthia and margraves of Carniola, and de facto rule in Savinja.
Explanation: After Ottokar II's defeat in the Battle of Marchfeld, the Gorizia-Tyrol line was awarded the titles of Dukes of Carinthia and margraves of Carniola, along with de facto rule in Savinja.
Why was Tyrol considered a strategically important area in the Middle Ages?
Answer: It contained the lowest crossings over the Central Eastern Alps, vital for travel to Italy.
Explanation: Tyrol was strategically important in the Middle Ages due to its lowest crossings over the Central Eastern Alps, which were crucial for the Holy Roman Emperors to access the Kingdom of Italy.
How did the Counts of Görz come to assume power in the Tyrolean lands between 1253 and 1258?
Answer: Through inheritance after Count Meinhard III married the daughter of Albert IV of Tyrol, who had no male heirs.
Explanation: The Counts of Görz assumed power in the Tyrolean lands through inheritance, as Count Meinhard III married Adelheid, the daughter of Albert IV of Tyrol, who died without male heirs.
What were some of the achievements of Count Meinhard IV (Meinhard II of Tyrol) in governing Tyrol?
Answer: He expanded the county, unified it, and established an exemplary administration.
Explanation: Count Meinhard IV, also known as Meinhard II of Tyrol, is credited with expanding and unifying the county, as well as establishing an administrative system considered exemplary for his time.
The vast possessions of the House of Gorizia were divided in 1271 into the Gorizia-Tyrol line and the Albertine Line, with the former retaining Tyrol.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1271, the extensive possessions of the House of Gorizia were indeed divided into the Gorizia-Tyrol line, which retained Tyrol, and the Albertine Line.
After the 1271 split, the Albertine Line was led by Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia, and focused its power on the Tyrolean region.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the 1271 split, it was the Gorizia-Tyrol line, led by Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia, that focused its power on the Tyrolean region. The Albertine Line was led by Albert.
Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol acquired the title of King of Bohemia through his marriage to Anne, the Premyslid heiress.
Answer: True
Explanation: Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol indeed acquired the title of King of Bohemia through his marriage to Anne, the Premyslid heiress, and his subsequent ascension to the Bohemian throne.
The Gorizia-Tyrol branch of the dynasty became extinct because Henry left no female heirs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Gorizia-Tyrol branch became extinct because Henry left no male heirs, though he did have a daughter, Margaret, who was the last of that line.
The county was divided in 1267/71 because of a dispute between Meinhard IV and Albert I over military leadership.
Answer: False
Explanation: The county was divided in 1267/71 primarily due to the geographical separation of its territories, which made effective single rule challenging, not because of a dispute over military leadership.
Henry of Bohemia's claim to the Bohemian throne was ultimately secured after he defeated Rudolph III of Habsburg.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henry of Bohemia's claim to the Bohemian throne was not secured; he was ultimately unsuccessful against John of Luxembourg, who became king, despite challenges from Rudolph III of Habsburg.
Upon Henry's death in 1335, Carinthia and Carniola were inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg due to his lack of male heirs.
Answer: True
Explanation: Due to Henry's lack of male heirs, Carinthia and Carniola were indeed inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg upon his death in 1335.
Margaret 'Maultasch' ceded the County of Tyrol to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria after her only son died in 1363.
Answer: True
Explanation: Margaret 'Maultasch' did cede the County of Tyrol to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria in 1363, following the death of her only son.
How were the vast possessions of the House of Gorizia divided in 1271?
Answer: Between the Gorizia-Tyrol line and the Albertine Line.
Explanation: In 1271, the extensive possessions of the House of Gorizia were divided into two main branches: the Gorizia-Tyrol line and the Albertine Line.
Who led the main branch of the House of Gorizia after the 1271 split, and what was this branch known as?
Answer: Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia, as the Counts of Gorizia-Tyrol.
Explanation: After the 1271 split, the main branch of the House of Gorizia was led by Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia, and became known as the Counts of Gorizia-Tyrol.
Which member of the Gorizia-Tyrol line ruled as King of Bohemia and titular King of Poland?
Answer: Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol.
Explanation: Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol was the member of the Gorizia-Tyrol line who ruled as King of Bohemia and held the titular title of King of Poland.
What led to the extinction of the Gorizia-Tyrol branch of the dynasty?
Answer: Henry leaving no male heirs.
Explanation: The Gorizia-Tyrol branch of the dynasty became extinct because Henry, its last male ruler, left no male heirs.
Who challenged Henry of Bohemia's claim to the Bohemian throne, and who ultimately became king?
Answer: Rudolph III of Habsburg challenged him, but John of Luxembourg ultimately became king.
Explanation: Rudolph III of Habsburg challenged Henry of Bohemia's claim to the Bohemian throne, but ultimately, John of Luxembourg became the Bohemian king in 1310.
What happened to Carinthia and Carniola after Henry's death in 1335?
Answer: The Austrian House of Habsburg inherited them and maintained control until 1918.
Explanation: Upon Henry's death in 1335, Carinthia and Carniola were inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg, which retained control of these lands until 1918.
The decline of the House of Gorizia began after 1335, leading to a gradual expansion of their territories before their eventual dissolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the decline of the House of Gorizia did begin after 1335, this period was characterized by a steady reduction of their territories, not an expansion.
Leonhard, Count of Gorizia, was the final ruler of the House of Gorizia, and the dynasty dissolved upon his death without an heir in 1500.
Answer: True
Explanation: Leonhard, Count of Gorizia, was indeed the last male ruler of the dynasty, and its dissolution occurred in 1500 with his death, as he left no direct heir.
The remaining lands of the House of Gorizia were inherited by the Republic of Venice after the dynasty's dissolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the dissolution of the House of Gorizia, its remaining lands were inherited by the Habsburg ruler Maximilian I, not the Republic of Venice.
The Albertine line maintained its rule in its core territories until 1500, after which its estates were inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Albertine line did maintain its rule in its core territories until 1500, and upon the death of the last count without an heir, its estates were inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg.
Virgil von Graben, Leonhard's administrator, initially advocated for the country's accession to the Republic of Venice.
Answer: False
Explanation: Virgil von Graben was initially in a secret association with the Venetians, but he was ultimately persuaded by King Maximilian I to advocate for Gorizia's accession to the Habsburg Empire.
The Republic of Venice considered recognizing Lukas von Graben as the new Count of Gorizia as one of their proposals for the heritage.
Answer: True
Explanation: Among their proposals for the Gorizia heritage, the Republic of Venice did consider recognizing Lukas von Graben as the new Count of Gorizia.
After Leonhard's death, Austrian troops immediately occupied Gorizia, and the Habsburgs reunited Lienz with the County of Tyrol.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following Leonhard's death, Austrian troops promptly occupied Gorizia, and the Habsburgs successfully reunited Lienz with the County of Tyrol.
What marked the beginning of the decline for the House of Gorizia?
Answer: A steady reduction of territories after 1335.
Explanation: The decline of the House of Gorizia began after 1335, characterized by a steady reduction of their territorial possessions.
Who was the final ruler of the House of Gorizia, and when did the dynasty dissolve?
Answer: Leonhard, Count of Gorizia, in 1500.
Explanation: Leonhard, Count of Gorizia, was the final ruler of the House of Gorizia, and the dynasty officially dissolved in 1500 upon his death without a direct heir.
Who inherited the remaining lands of the House of Gorizia after its dissolution?
Answer: The Habsburg ruler Maximilian I.
Explanation: After the dissolution of the House of Gorizia, its remaining lands were inherited by the Habsburg ruler Maximilian I.
How did Virgil von Graben, Leonhard's administrator, ultimately influence the succession of Gorizia?
Answer: He persuaded King Maximilian I to advocate for the country's accession to the Habsburg Empire.
Explanation: Virgil von Graben, Leonhard's administrator, ultimately influenced the succession by persuading King Maximilian I to advocate for Gorizia's accession to the Habsburg Empire, despite initial dealings with Venice.
What was the final outcome of the competition for the Gorizia heritage after Leonhard's death?
Answer: Austrian troops occupied Gorizia, and the Habsburgs reunited Lienz with Tyrol, ruling as Counts in Gorizia.
Explanation: The competition for the Gorizia heritage concluded with Austrian troops occupying Gorizia after Leonhard's death, and the Habsburgs subsequently reuniting Lienz with Tyrol and ruling as Counts in Gorizia.
The Counts of Gorizia are historically recognized for publishing the first German silver coin, known as the 'Zwainziger.'
Answer: False
Explanation: The Counts of Gorizia are historically recognized for publishing the first German golden coin, known as the 'Zwainziger,' not the first silver coin.
The renowned diplomat and minnesinger Oswald von Wolkenstein was a subject of the Counts of Gorizia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Oswald von Wolkenstein, a notable diplomat and minnesinger, was indeed a subject of the Counts of Gorizia.
What significant numismatic achievement is attributed to the Counts of Gorizia?
Answer: They were the publishers of the first German golden coin, known as the 'Zwainziger.'
Explanation: The Counts of Gorizia are notably attributed with publishing the first German golden coin, known as the 'Zwainziger,' a significant numismatic achievement.
Who was the renowned diplomat and minnesinger that was a subject of the Counts of Gorizia?
Answer: Oswald von Wolkenstein.
Explanation: Oswald von Wolkenstein, a celebrated diplomat and minnesinger, was a subject of the Counts of Gorizia.
The Herren von Graben family is considered an illegitimate branch of the Meinhardiner dynasty.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Herren von Graben family is indeed identified as an apparent or illegitimate branch of the Meinhardiner dynasty.
Which family is identified as an apparent or illegitimate branch of the Meinhardiner dynasty?
Answer: The Herren von Graben family.
Explanation: The Herren von Graben family is identified in historical records as an apparent or illegitimate branch of the Meinhardiner dynasty.
Which noble families claim descent from the Herren von Graben?
Answer: The Orsini-Rosenberg and De Graeff families.
Explanation: Both the Counts and Princes Orsini-Rosenberg and the Netherlands family of De Graeff claim descent from the Herren von Graben family.