Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the human body, making up approximately 65% of its mass.

Anatomy is the scientific discipline focused on studying the function of the human body.

The human body contains approximately the same number of bacteria cells as human cells.

Histology involves the study of the overall structure and arrangement of organs within the body.

An organ is defined as a single type of cell performing a specific function.

The abdominal cavity contains the brain and spinal cord.

Modern anatomy relies heavily on dissection and anatomical drawings, with little use of technology.

The human body is estimated to contain roughly twice as many bacteria cells as human cells.

What is the fundamental organizational unit of the human body, from which tissues are formed?

Which element constitutes the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Which scientific discipline focuses on the study of the *function* of the human body?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary external feature of the human body in the source?

Modern advancements that aid in the study of anatomy include:

The source mentions that the human body contains trillions of cells and trillions of bacteria. What is the approximate ratio suggested?

The human body is primarily composed of cells, which are then organized into tissues.

Mature red blood cells in the human body contain DNA within their nucleus.

The primary electrolytes found inside human cells are sodium and chloride.

The extracellular matrix is primarily composed of living cells that provide structural support.

DNA damage occurs infrequently, with only a few instances per cell per day.

The four primary tissue types in the human body are muscle, nerve, blood, and bone tissue.

Endothelial cells line the external surfaces of the body, such as the skin.

Cancer is common in heart cells because they frequently divide throughout life.

According to the source, what are the primary electrolytes found *inside* human cells?

Why is cancer rare in mature heart cells?

The source mentions that mature red blood cells lack a nucleus. What is a consequence of this?

What are the four main types of tissues found in the human body, according to the source?

The source states that tens of thousands of DNA damages occur daily within cells. What is a potential consequence if these damages are not repaired correctly?

The pericardium is a membrane that surrounds the brain and protects it from infection.

The heart's atria are responsible for pumping blood out to the rest of the body.

The electrical conduction system of the heart ensures irregular contractions to maintain blood flow.

The gallbladder stores urine produced by the kidneys before urination.

Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder, often performed for symptomatic gallstones.

The pulmonary circuit distributes oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

The digestive system's main role is to transport oxygenated blood throughout the body.

Peristalsis involves the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract to move food.

The endocrine system consists only of the pituitary and thyroid glands.

The immune system protects the body by producing hormones that regulate metabolism.

The integumentary system's primary function is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment.

The lymphatic system transports hormones and regulates body temperature.

Bones primarily serve as storage sites for calcium and phosphate and contain bone marrow for blood cell production.

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls voluntary muscle movements and sensory processes.

The respiratory system's primary function is to filter waste products from the blood.

The bladder stores urine, and when full, signals the brain to initiate urination.

The spinal cord primarily transmits sensory information from the body to the brain and motor commands from the brain to the body.

The skeletal system provides the body's structure, protects organs, and stores minerals like calcium.

The primary function of the gallbladder is to produce bile for fat digestion.

The systemic circuit of blood circulation carries blood between the heart and the lungs.

The nervous system's functional divisions include the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

What is the role of the gallbladder in relation to the liver?

The process by which muscles in the gastrointestinal tract contract and relax to move food is called:

Which of the following is a key function of the musculoskeletal system mentioned in the source?

The structural division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord is known as the:

What is the primary role of the respiratory system?

Which of the following is a common disease affecting the urinary system mentioned in the source?

The circulatory system has two main circuits. Which circuit circulates blood between the heart and the lungs?

What is the primary purpose of the immune system as described in the source?

What is the primary role of the heart in the circulatory system?

Which system is responsible for converting food into absorbable molecules and eliminating waste?

The integumentary system, including skin and glands, primarily provides:

The functional division of the nervous system that controls involuntary processes like digestion and blood pressure is the:

What is the significance of the pericardium?

Which of the following best describes the function of the bladder?

Which of the following is a key risk factor for coronary artery disease mentioned in the source?

The source states that the nervous system has functional divisions. Which division controls voluntary actions?

How does the source describe the relationship between the lymphatic and circulatory systems?

Homeostasis refers to the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.

The nervous and endocrine systems work independently, with no interaction in regulating the body.

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within the human body is known as:

Sperm cells are finite in number and are present from birth in males.

Human development begins with the formation of tissues from specialized cells.

The primary purpose of the reproductive system is to maintain the body's internal fluid balance.

Female puberty typically begins earlier than male puberty, around ages 9 to 13.

How does sperm production differ from egg cell production in humans, according to the source?

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

Jean Fernel is credited with coining the term 'physiology' in the 16th century.

Andreas Vesalius's major work, De humani corporis fabrica, focused on the chemical composition of the body.

Claude Bernard is known for describing the process of homeostasis in the human body.

Who is credited with pioneering the modern study of human anatomy through dissection and authoring *De humani corporis fabrica*?

The concept of the 'milieu interieur' was introduced by Claude Bernard, and later expanded upon by Walter Cannon, who termed it:

What is the significance of the 'milieu interieur' concept introduced by Claude Bernard?