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Hurricane Carla's genesis occurred within the Gulf of Mexico.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla developed from a tropical disturbance originating in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, not the Gulf of Mexico.
Hurricane Carla developed from a tropical disturbance originating in the Atlantic Ocean, east of Florida.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla originated from a tropical disturbance in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, not the Atlantic Ocean east of Florida.
From which geographical region did Hurricane Carla originate?
Answer: Southwestern Caribbean Sea
Explanation: Hurricane Carla originated from a tropical disturbance that formed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea.
In which maritime body did Hurricane Carla initially form?
Answer: Southwestern Caribbean Sea
Explanation: Hurricane Carla initially formed from a tropical disturbance within the southwestern Caribbean Sea.
Describe the track of Hurricane Carla subsequent to its entry into the Gulf of Mexico on September 7.
Answer: It followed a northwesterly course towards Texas.
Explanation: After entering the Gulf of Mexico on September 7, Hurricane Carla followed a northwesterly trajectory, influenced by atmospheric conditions, ultimately heading towards the Texas coast.
What specific meteorological feature facilitated Hurricane Carla's initial development and subsequent westward trajectory?
Answer: An upper-tropospheric anticyclone
Explanation: An upper-tropospheric anticyclone situated over the western Caribbean Sea played a crucial role in fostering Hurricane Carla's initial development and guiding its westward track.
Hurricane Carla made landfall in Texas at Category 5 intensity.
Answer: False
Explanation: While operationally considered Category 5, post-season reanalysis officially classifies Hurricane Carla's landfall intensity in Texas as Category 4.
The lowest central pressure recorded for Hurricane Carla was 927 mbar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The minimum central atmospheric pressure recorded for Hurricane Carla was indeed 927 mbar (27.37 inHg), indicating its significant intensity.
The highest storm surge recorded during Hurricane Carla was 18.5 feet at Port Lavaca, Texas.
Answer: True
Explanation: The maximum recorded storm surge height during Hurricane Carla was indeed 18.5 feet, observed at Port Lavaca, Texas.
The highest sustained winds recorded at Hurricane Carla's landfall on Matagorda Island were 145 mph.
Answer: True
Explanation: At its landfall on Matagorda Island, Texas, Hurricane Carla exhibited maximum sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h).
What was Hurricane Carla's official intensity classification upon its landfall in Texas?
Answer: Category 4
Explanation: Hurricane Carla officially made landfall in Texas as a Category 4 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph.
What was the maximum recorded storm surge height during Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 18.5 feet
Explanation: The highest storm surge recorded during Hurricane Carla reached 18.5 feet at Port Lavaca, Texas.
What was the minimum central atmospheric pressure recorded for Hurricane Carla, serving as an indicator of its intensity?
Answer: 927 mbar
Explanation: The lowest central pressure recorded for Hurricane Carla was 927 mbar, signifying its extreme intensity.
What was the maximum recorded wind gust speed during Hurricane Carla's passage through Texas?
Answer: 175 mph
Explanation: During its passage, Hurricane Carla produced wind gusts reaching up to 175 mph in Texas.
In Texas, Hurricane Carla resulted in the destruction of over 5,000 residences.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla destroyed 1,915 homes in Texas, along with numerous other structures, but the total number of destroyed homes was below 5,000.
What was the maximum recorded rainfall total within Texas attributed to Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 17.48 inches
Explanation: The highest rainfall total recorded in Texas from Hurricane Carla was 17.48 inches, measured in Bay City.
How many residences were destroyed in Texas as a direct consequence of Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 1,915
Explanation: Hurricane Carla caused the destruction of 1,915 homes in Texas, in addition to damage to thousands of other structures.
The direct fatalities attributed to Hurricane Carla numbered fewer than 20.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla resulted in 43 direct fatalities, a number significantly exceeding 20.
Hurricane Carla primarily affected only the state of Texas.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla's impact extended beyond Texas, affecting regions including the Yucatán Peninsula, the Central United States, the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada and Greenland.
Hurricane Carla was associated with six fatalities and $25 million in damages within Texas.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Hurricane Carla caused significant damage and fatalities, the six fatalities and $25 million in damages were primarily associated with Louisiana, not Texas. Texas experienced a higher number of fatalities and greater overall damage.
The remnants of Hurricane Carla brought heavy rainfall and flooding to Oklahoma.
Answer: True
Explanation: The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Carla produced considerable rainfall and significant flooding in Oklahoma, particularly in areas like Kingfisher.
Hurricane Carla's rainfall in Illinois was the second-wettest tropical cyclone event for the state at that time.
Answer: True
Explanation: The rainfall from Hurricane Carla in Illinois, peaking at 8.18 inches, made it the second-wettest tropical cyclone event recorded in the state up to that point.
Hurricane Carla caused five fatalities in Kansas, primarily due to its associated rainfall and flooding.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Kansas, Hurricane Carla's rainfall led to flash flooding, which caused five fatalities. This event marked it as the rainiest tropical cyclone in Kansas until later storms.
Hurricane Carla's rainfall rendered it the least significant tropical cyclone for Iowa and Wisconsin regarding precipitation levels at the time.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conversely, Hurricane Carla's rainfall made it the rainiest tropical cyclone on record for both Iowa and Wisconsin at that time.
Hurricane Carla's meteorological influence was confined exclusively to the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla's effects extended beyond the United States, impacting Cuba with high winds and flooding, and its remnants brought tropical storm-force winds to Canada, causing power outages.
According to the provided information, which of the following regions experienced minimal significant impact from Hurricane Carla?
Answer: Florida
Explanation: While Hurricane Carla affected numerous regions, Florida was not significantly impacted according to the source material, unlike the Yucatán Peninsula, Central United States, and the Great Lakes region.
What was the total number of direct fatalities attributed to Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 43
Explanation: Hurricane Carla was directly responsible for 43 fatalities.
What significant meteorological event transpired in Oklahoma as a consequence of Hurricane Carla's remnants?
Answer: Heavy rainfall and significant flooding
Explanation: The remnants of Hurricane Carla brought substantial rainfall to Oklahoma, leading to significant flooding in several areas.
Describe the impact of Hurricane Carla's rainfall on the states of Iowa and Wisconsin.
Answer: Made it the rainiest tropical cyclone on record for both states at the time
Explanation: The rainfall associated with Hurricane Carla's remnants made it the rainiest tropical cyclone on record for both Iowa and Wisconsin at the time of its passage.
What was the maximum recorded rainfall total within Louisiana attributed to Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 13.9 inches
Explanation: The peak rainfall total recorded in Louisiana from Hurricane Carla was 13.9 inches, observed in Many.
The total estimated economic damage incurred by Hurricane Carla amounted to approximately $100 million in 1961 U.S. dollars.
Answer: False
Explanation: The total estimated damage caused by Hurricane Carla was substantially higher, recorded at $326 million in 1961 U.S. dollars.
The economic impact in Texas included $200 million attributed to property damage and $100 million to crops.
Answer: True
Explanation: Damage in Texas was estimated at $300 million, with $200 million attributed to property damage and $100 million to crops, primarily unharvested rice.
In Victoria, Texas, Hurricane Carla caused approximately $10 million in damage.
Answer: True
Explanation: The city of Victoria, Texas, sustained approximately $10 million in damages due to Hurricane Carla's impact, affecting numerous homes, businesses, and public buildings.
What was the estimated total economic damage caused by Hurricane Carla, expressed in 1961 U.S. dollars?
Answer: $326 million
Explanation: The total estimated economic damage incurred by Hurricane Carla was $326 million in 1961 U.S. dollars.
What was the estimated extent of property damage specifically within the state of Texas attributable to Hurricane Carla?
Answer: $200 million
Explanation: Property damage specifically within Texas due to Hurricane Carla was estimated at $200 million.
What was the estimated economic damage specifically within the city of Victoria, Texas, resulting from Hurricane Carla?
Answer: $10 million
Explanation: The city of Victoria, Texas, experienced an estimated $10 million in damages due to Hurricane Carla.
What was the principal cause of the $100 million in crop damage attributed to Hurricane Carla within Texas?
Answer: Unharvested rice crops destroyed by wind and surge
Explanation: The $100 million in crop damage in Texas was primarily due to the destruction of unharvested rice crops by the storm's strong winds and storm surge.
Beyond residential structures, what specific types of buildings sustained significant impact in Victoria, Texas, due to Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 43 businesses and 26 public buildings
Explanation: In Victoria, Texas, Hurricane Carla significantly impacted 43 businesses and 26 public buildings, in addition to causing damage to approximately 4,260 homes.
What was the condition of the rice crops in Texas as a result of Hurricane Carla's impact?
Answer: They were completely destroyed, contributing $100 million to damages.
Explanation: The unharvested rice crops in Texas were completely destroyed by Hurricane Carla, contributing $100 million to the total economic damage.
Hurricane Carla was responsible for spawning precisely 10 tornadoes.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla spawned a total of 21 tornadoes, which was a record for a hurricane at that time.
The F4 tornado that struck Galveston Island caused no fatalities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The violent F4 tornado that impacted Galveston Island was responsible for eight fatalities and 200 injuries.
The F4 tornado spawned by Hurricane Carla was the sole violent tornado documented from a hurricane.
Answer: False
Explanation: The F4 tornado generated by Hurricane Carla was one of only two known violent tornadoes spawned by a hurricane; the other occurred during Hurricane Hilda in 1964.
How many tornadoes did Hurricane Carla spawn, establishing a record for such occurrences at that time?
Answer: 21
Explanation: Hurricane Carla spawned 21 tornadoes, which set a record for the most tornadoes produced by a hurricane up to that point in meteorological history.
The F4 tornado generated by Hurricane Carla in the vicinity of Galveston resulted in how many fatalities and injuries?
Answer: 8 deaths, 200 injuries
Explanation: The violent F4 tornado spawned by Hurricane Carla near Galveston caused eight fatalities and injured approximately 200 individuals.
What was the historical and meteorological significance of the F4 tornado spawned by Hurricane Carla?
Answer: It was one of only two known violent tornadoes spawned by a hurricane, causing 8 deaths and 200 injuries.
Explanation: The F4 tornado spawned by Hurricane Carla near Galveston was historically significant as one of only two known violent tornadoes produced by a hurricane, causing substantial destruction, eight deaths, and 200 injuries.
What was the significance of the 21 tornadoes spawned by Hurricane Carla in the context of hurricane-related tornado outbreaks?
Answer: It set a record for the most tornadoes spawned by a hurricane up to that point.
Explanation: The 21 tornadoes spawned by Hurricane Carla represented a record number for a hurricane at that time, highlighting the storm's complex and widespread impact.
Hurricane Carla, a significant meteorological event, occurred in 1961.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hurricane Carla, a significant meteorological event, occurred in 1961 and is recognized as the most intense hurricane to make landfall in Texas during the 20th century.
The evacuation efforts initiated in response to Hurricane Carla encompassed approximately 50,000 individuals.
Answer: False
Explanation: The evacuation undertaken in response to Hurricane Carla was far larger, involving an estimated 500,000 people, making it the largest evacuation in U.S. history at that time.
Dan Rather's use of a plastic overlay to illustrate the storm's size was a groundbreaking reporting technique during Hurricane Carla.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dan Rather's on-site coverage from Galveston, Texas, notably included the innovative use of a plastic overlay to visually represent the storm's magnitude relative to the Gulf of Mexico, influencing future reporting.
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson declared parts of Texas and Louisiana disaster areas following his tour of the devastated regions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following a tour of the storm-ravaged areas, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson reported to President Kennedy, leading to the declaration of parts of Texas and Louisiana as disaster areas and the approval of federal aid.
The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale was officially implemented during the period when Hurricane Carla occurred in 1961.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale was developed in 1971, well after Hurricane Carla occurred in 1961. While Carla is now analyzed using the scale, it was not in official use at the time of the storm.
Hurricane Carla was characterized as the least significant major hurricane of the 1961 Atlantic season.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hurricane Carla was the most intense hurricane to make landfall in Texas during the 20th century, making it a highly significant storm of the 1961 Atlantic season.
The evacuation undertaken in response to Hurricane Carla represented the largest in United States history up to that juncture.
Answer: True
Explanation: The evacuation of approximately 500,000 people from the coasts of Texas and Louisiana in anticipation of Hurricane Carla was the largest such evacuation in U.S. history at that time.
What innovative reporting technique was employed by Dan Rather during his coverage of Hurricane Carla?
Answer: Using a plastic overlay to show storm size
Explanation: Dan Rather utilized a plastic overlay during his live reporting to visually demonstrate the immense size of Hurricane Carla in relation to the Gulf of Mexico, a technique that proved influential.
Which statement accurately delineates the relationship between the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale and Hurricane Carla?
Answer: The scale was developed after 1961, but Carla is now analyzed as a Category 4.
Explanation: The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale was not in use during Hurricane Carla's lifetime (1961). However, post-storm analysis and reanalysis have categorized it as a Category 4 hurricane.
What was the approximate number of individuals evacuated from the coastal regions of Texas and Louisiana in anticipation of Hurricane Carla?
Answer: 500,000
Explanation: Approximately 500,000 people were evacuated from the coasts of Texas and Louisiana due to Hurricane Carla, representing the largest evacuation in U.S. history up to that point.
How does Hurricane Carla's Texas landfall compare in significance and impact to that of Hurricane Harvey?
Answer: Harvey tied for the costliest tropical cyclone globally, while Carla's cost was $326 million in 1961.
Explanation: Hurricane Carla was the most powerful Texas landfall of the 20th century. Hurricane Harvey (2017) tied for the costliest tropical cyclone globally and caused extensive damage, while Carla's cost was $326 million in 1961 USD.
What specific roles did the United States military undertake in the aftermath of Hurricane Carla?
Answer: Deployed medical and construction teams, patrolled areas
Explanation: In the aftermath of Hurricane Carla, the U.S. military, including the Navy and Marines, provided crucial support by deploying medical and construction teams and patrolling devastated areas. The National Guard also assisted refugees and maintained order.