Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
The Enzyme Commission (EC) number 2.7.1.119 for hygromycin-B kinase accurately signifies its classification as a phosphotransferase that transfers a phosphate group to an alcohol acceptor.
Answer: True
Explanation: The EC number 2.7.1.119 correctly identifies hygromycin-B kinase as a phosphotransferase (EC 2.7) that specifically transfers a phosphate group to an alcohol (EC 2.7.1) acceptor.
The systematic name ATP:hygromycin-B 7''-O-phosphotransferase accurately describes the enzyme's function, including its specific substrates and the type of reaction it catalyzes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The systematic name ATP:hygromycin-B 7''-O-phosphotransferase precisely details the enzyme's substrates (ATP and hygromycin-B) and its catalytic action (transferring a phosphate group to the 7''-O position).
Hygromycin-B kinase catalyzes a reaction where ADP and 7''-O-phosphohygromycin serve as the primary substrates.
Answer: False
Explanation: ADP and 7''-O-phosphohygromycin are the products of the reaction catalyzed by hygromycin-B kinase, while ATP and hygromycin B are the substrates.
Hygromycin B phosphotransferase is an alternative common name for hygromycin-B kinase.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hygromycin B phosphotransferase is indeed a common alternative name for hygromycin-B kinase, reflecting its specific function as a phosphotransferase acting on hygromycin B.
What is the primary enzymatic function of hygromycin-B kinase?
Answer: To catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from one molecule to another.
Explanation: Hygromycin-B kinase's primary function is to catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group, classifying it as a phosphotransferase.
Which specific Enzyme Commission (EC) number is assigned to hygromycin-B kinase?
Answer: 2.7.1.119
Explanation: The Enzyme Commission (EC) number specifically assigned to hygromycin-B kinase is 2.7.1.119.
Identify the two substrates involved in the chemical reaction catalyzed by hygromycin-B kinase.
Answer: ATP and hygromycin B
Explanation: The two substrates for the reaction catalyzed by hygromycin-B kinase are ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and hygromycin B.
What is the more specific classification of hygromycin-B kinase within the transferase enzyme family?
Answer: Phosphotransferase
Explanation: Within the transferase family, hygromycin-B kinase is more specifically classified as a phosphotransferase, indicating its role in transferring phosphate groups.
By what alternative common name is hygromycin-B kinase also known?
Answer: Hygromycin B phosphotransferase
Explanation: Hygromycin-B kinase is also commonly known as hygromycin B phosphotransferase, a name that directly indicates its enzymatic action.
Hygromycin-B kinase is classified as an oxidoreductase, a family of enzymes primarily involved in redox reactions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hygromycin-B kinase is classified as a phosphotransferase, which belongs to the broader family of transferases (EC 2), not oxidoreductases (EC 1).
The seven main types of enzymes based on EC classification include Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, and Kinases.
Answer: False
Explanation: The seven main types of enzymes based on EC classification are Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, and Translocases. Kinases are a sub-class of Transferases, not a main type.
The main classification methods for enzymes include the Enzyme Commission (EC) number system and enzyme superfamilies.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Enzyme Commission (EC) number system and enzyme superfamilies (along with enzyme families) are indeed listed as the main classification methods for enzymes.
To which broad Enzyme Commission (EC) family of enzymes does hygromycin-B kinase belong?
Answer: Transferases
Explanation: Hygromycin-B kinase belongs to the broad family of transferases, which catalyze the transfer of functional groups.
Which of the following constitutes one of the seven main classes of enzymes based on their Enzyme Commission (EC) classification?
Answer: Transferases
Explanation: Transferases are one of the seven main types of enzymes according to the Enzyme Commission (EC) classification system.
Creatine kinase is an example of an EC 2.7.2 phosphotransferase, characterized by its utilization of a carboxy group as an acceptor.
Answer: False
Explanation: Creatine kinase is classified as an EC 2.7.3 phosphotransferase, which transfers phosphorus to a nitrogenous group, not an EC 2.7.2 phosphotransferase that uses a carboxy group as an acceptor.
EC 2.7.4 phosphotransferases are distinct in their mechanism, transferring a phosphate group to a molecule that already contains a phosphate moiety.
Answer: True
Explanation: EC 2.7.4 phosphotransferases are indeed characterized by their ability to transfer a phosphate group to an acceptor molecule that already contains a phosphate group.
Hexokinase and Glucokinase are examples of phosphotransferases that utilize a carboxy group as an acceptor.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hexokinase and Glucokinase are EC 2.7.1 phosphotransferases that utilize an alcohol group as an acceptor, whereas EC 2.7.2 phosphotransferases use a carboxy group.
Which type of acceptor group is utilized by phosphotransferases such as hygromycin-B kinase (EC 2.7.1)?
Answer: An alcohol (OH) group
Explanation: Phosphotransferases in the EC 2.7.1 category, including hygromycin-B kinase, are characterized by their use of an alcohol (OH) group as the acceptor for the transferred phosphate.
Which of the following enzymes exemplifies a phosphotransferase that utilizes a carboxy group as an acceptor (EC 2.7.2)?
Answer: Phosphoglycerate kinase
Explanation: Phosphoglycerate kinase is listed as an example of an EC 2.7.2 phosphotransferase, which is characterized by using a carboxy group as an acceptor.
What type of acceptor group is characteristic of phosphotransferases classified under EC 2.7.3?
Answer: Nitrogenous (N) group
Explanation: EC 2.7.3 phosphotransferases are characterized by their use of a nitrogenous (N) group as the acceptor for the phosphate transfer.
Which prominent enzyme, known for transferring phosphorus to a nitrogenous group, is listed under EC 2.7.3?
Answer: Creatine kinase
Explanation: Creatine kinase is a prominent enzyme listed under EC 2.7.3, specifically known for transferring phosphorus to a nitrogenous group.
Which of the following enzymes is classified under EC 2.7.4, specifically transferring phosphorus to a phosphate group?
Answer: Adenylate kinase
Explanation: Adenylate kinase is listed as an enzyme classified under EC 2.7.4, which is characterized by transferring phosphorus to a phosphate group.
Polyadenylation, a process involving enzymes like Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase, is categorized under RNA polymerases within the EC 2.7.7 classification.
Answer: True
Explanation: Polyadenylation, carried out by enzymes such as Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase and Polynucleotide phosphorylase, is indeed listed as a process under RNA polymerases within the EC 2.7.7 classification.
Diphosphotransferases, exemplified by Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase, are classified under EC 2.7.6 and are characterized by transferring a single phosphate group.
Answer: False
Explanation: Diphosphotransferases (EC 2.7.6) transfer a diphosphate (P2O7) group, which consists of two phosphate groups, not a single phosphate group.
DNA polymerase I/A encompasses examples such as POLG (gamma) and Taq polymerase.
Answer: True
Explanation: POLG (gamma) and Taq polymerase are explicitly listed as specific examples of DNA polymerase I/A, which are categorized by their template-directed activity.
Reverse transcriptase is an example of an RNA-directed DNA polymerase, with Telomerase serving as a specific instance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Reverse transcriptase is classified as an RNA-directed DNA polymerase under EC 2.7.7, and Telomerase is provided as a specific example of this enzyme type.
mRNA capping enzyme is an example of a nucleotidyltransferase that adds a guanosine monophosphate (GMP) to a molecule.
Answer: True
Explanation: The mRNA capping enzyme is indeed a guanylyltransferase, a type of nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7), that adds a guanosine monophosphate (GMP) to mRNA, a crucial step in mRNA processing.
DNA polymerase alpha, delta, and epsilon are specific examples of DNA polymerase IV/X.
Answer: False
Explanation: DNA polymerase alpha, delta, and epsilon are specific examples of DNA polymerase II/B, not DNA polymerase IV/X. DNA polymerase IV/X includes beta, lambda, and mu.
Phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonucleases, such as RNase PH, degrade RNA by utilizing inorganic phosphate to cleave phosphodiester bonds from the 3' end.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonucleases, such as RNase PH, function by degrading RNA from its 3' end, specifically utilizing inorganic phosphate to cleave phosphodiester bonds.
Integrase and Transposase are examples of nucleotidyltransferases that are classified as polymerases.
Answer: False
Explanation: Integrase and Transposase are listed as miscellaneous transferases under EC 2.7.7, not as polymerases. DNA and RNA polymerases are the main categories of polymerases under EC 2.7.7.
What is the primary enzymatic function of diphosphotransferases, classified under EC 2.7.6?
Answer: To transfer a diphosphate (P2O7) group.
Explanation: Diphosphotransferases (EC 2.7.6) are enzymes whose primary function is to transfer a diphosphate (P2O7) group.
What specific type of group is transferred by nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7)?
Answer: A nucleoside monophosphate (PO4-nucleoside) group
Explanation: Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7) are enzymes that specifically transfer a nucleoside monophosphate (PO4-nucleoside) group.
Which of the following enzymes serves as an example of a DNA polymerase I/A?
Answer: Taq polymerase
Explanation: Taq polymerase is explicitly listed as a specific example of DNA polymerase I/A.
Which RNA-directed DNA polymerase, exemplified by Telomerase, is classified under EC 2.7.7?
Answer: Reverse transcriptase
Explanation: Reverse transcriptase is the RNA-directed DNA polymerase listed under EC 2.7.7, with Telomerase provided as a specific example.
Which specific enzymes are involved in polyadenylation, as categorized under RNA polymerase?
Answer: Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase (PAP) and Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase)
Explanation: Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase (PAP) and Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) are the enzymes listed as being involved in polyadenylation under RNA polymerase.
Describe the enzymatic function of phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonucleases.
Answer: To degrade RNA from the 3' end using inorganic phosphate.
Explanation: Phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonucleases function to degrade RNA from its 3' end by utilizing inorganic phosphate to cleave phosphodiester bonds.
Which enzyme serves as an example of a guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7)?
Answer: mRNA capping enzyme
Explanation: The mRNA capping enzyme is specifically identified as an example of a guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7).
Which of the following enzymes serves as an example of a DNA polymerase II/B?
Answer: DNA polymerase alpha
Explanation: DNA polymerase alpha is explicitly listed as a specific example of DNA polymerase II/B.
Protein-tyrosine kinases are classified under EC 2.7.11, signifying their role in phosphorylating serine or threonine residues.
Answer: False
Explanation: Protein-tyrosine kinases are classified under EC 2.7.10, while EC 2.7.11 is for protein-serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate serine or threonine residues.
EC 2.7.8 transferases are exclusively involved in the transfer of nucleoside monophosphate groups.
Answer: False
Explanation: EC 2.7.8 transferases handle 'other substituted phosphate groups,' not exclusively nucleoside monophosphate groups, which are characteristic of EC 2.7.7 nucleotidyltransferases.
Protein-dual-specificity kinases are classified under EC 2.7.12 due to their capacity to phosphorylate both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues.
Answer: True
Explanation: Protein-dual-specificity kinases are indeed classified under EC 2.7.12, reflecting their unique ability to phosphorylate both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues on proteins.
CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase is an example of a phosphatidyltransferase classified under EC 2.7.8.
Answer: True
Explanation: CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase is explicitly listed as an example of a phosphatidyltransferase within the EC 2.7.8 classification.
What specific class of groups do EC 2.7.8 transferases typically handle?
Answer: Other substituted phosphate groups
Explanation: EC 2.7.8 transferases are characterized by their handling of 'other substituted phosphate groups,' indicating a broad specificity for various phosphate-containing moieties.
Which specific type of protein kinase is categorized under EC 2.7.10?
Answer: Protein-tyrosine kinases
Explanation: Protein-tyrosine kinases are the specific type of protein kinase classified under EC 2.7.10, known for phosphorylating tyrosine residues.
Under which Enzyme Commission (EC) number are protein-dual-specificity kinases classified?
Answer: EC 2.7.12
Explanation: Protein-dual-specificity kinases, which phosphorylate both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues, are classified under EC 2.7.12.
Enzyme activity can be regulated through mechanisms such as allosteric regulation, cooperativity, and the action of inhibitors or activators.
Answer: True
Explanation: Enzyme activity is indeed regulated by various mechanisms, including allosteric regulation, cooperativity, and the presence of specific inhibitors or activators, which collectively control metabolic pathways.
Enzyme kinetics concepts include Eadie–Hofstee diagrams and Michaelis–Menten kinetics, which are employed to study reaction rates.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eadie–Hofstee diagrams and Michaelis–Menten kinetics are indeed fundamental concepts within enzyme kinetics, utilized for analyzing and understanding the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
The active site, cofactors, and enzyme promiscuity are all recognized as key aspects related to enzyme activity.
Answer: True
Explanation: The active site, cofactors, and enzyme promiscuity are explicitly listed as key aspects that define and influence enzyme activity, along with other factors like binding sites and catalytic mechanisms.
Which of the following is NOT considered a key aspect related to enzyme activity?
Answer: The HTML structure of the enzyme's database entry
Explanation: The HTML structure of an enzyme's database entry is a characteristic of its digital representation, not a biochemical aspect directly related to its intrinsic activity.
Which of the following represents a recognized method by which enzyme activity can be regulated?
Answer: Allosteric regulation
Explanation: Allosteric regulation is a well-established biochemical mechanism by which enzyme activity can be precisely controlled.
The CAS registry number 88361-67-5 serves as a unique numerical identifier for hygromycin-B kinase, widely utilized in chemical contexts.
Answer: True
Explanation: The CAS registry number 88361-67-5 is indeed the unique numerical identifier assigned to hygromycin-B kinase, a standard in chemical identification.
The MetaCyc database serves as a primary source for accessing protein structures related to hygromycin-B kinase.
Answer: False
Explanation: The MetaCyc database is a source for metabolic pathways, while protein structures related to hygromycin-B kinase are primarily accessed through databases like RCSB PDB, PDBe, and PDBsum.
The Gene Ontology identifier GO:0008904 is associated with hygromycin-B kinase, providing a structured description of its biological function.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gene Ontology identifier GO:0008904 is indeed associated with hygromycin-B kinase, offering a standardized description of its molecular function within biological contexts.
The 'stub' label associated with the EC 2.7 enzymes article implies that it represents a comprehensive and fully detailed resource.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'stub' label indicates that the article is short and requires further expansion, implying it is not a comprehensive or fully detailed resource.
The NCBI database enables researchers to search for scientific articles related to hygromycin-B kinase using its EC/RN Number.
Answer: False
Explanation: The NCBI database is used to search for proteins related to hygromycin-B kinase using its EC/RN Number, while PubMed and PubMed Central are used for searching scientific articles.
Which database is identified as a resource for information concerning the metabolic pathway of hygromycin-B kinase?
Answer: MetaCyc
Explanation: The MetaCyc database is specifically listed as a source for information regarding the metabolic pathway of hygromycin-B kinase.
What is the recommended method to search for scientific articles related to hygromycin-B kinase in PubMed Central (PMC)?
Answer: By using its EC/RN Number, specifically '2.7.1.119 [EC/RN Number] AND pubmed pmc local [sb]'.
Explanation: To search for scientific articles related to hygromycin-B kinase in PubMed Central (PMC), the specific query '2.7.1.119 [EC/RN Number] AND pubmed pmc local [sb]' is recommended.
What is the specific Gene Ontology identifier associated with hygromycin-B kinase?
Answer: GO:0008904
Explanation: The Gene Ontology identifier associated with hygromycin-B kinase is GO:0008904, which provides a structured description of its biological function.
What is indicated by the 'stub' label associated with the EC 2.7 enzymes article?
Answer: It is a short article that requires further expansion.
Explanation: The 'stub' label signifies that the article is incomplete and requires further development and expansion to become a comprehensive resource.
Which of these databases offers access to protein structures related to hygromycin-B kinase?
Answer: RCSB PDB
Explanation: The RCSB PDB (Protein Data Bank) is specifically mentioned as a database that provides access to protein structures related to hygromycin-B kinase, along with PDBe and PDBsum.