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The local name for Ansar al-Sunna is "al-Shabaab," and it is a formal branch of the well-known Somali militant group.
Answer: False
Explanation: While locally known as 'al-Shabaab,' the source explicitly states the group is not formally related to the well-known Somali militant group of the same name.
Ansar al-Sunna originated as a religious movement in 2015, founded by followers of Kenyan cleric Aboud Rogo, with an anti-Western and anti-Christian ideology.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Ansar al-Sunna began as a religious movement in 2015, founded by followers of Kenyan cleric Aboud Rogo, and held anti-Western and anti-Christian beliefs.
Ansar al-Sunna's transition to violence involved establishing its own mosques after being welcomed in traditional ones and receiving training exclusively from disgruntled ex-policemen.
Answer: False
Explanation: The movement was expelled from traditional mosques for their radicalism, leading them to form their own. Their training came from disgruntled ex-policemen and guards, but also from trainers hired from Somalia, Tanzania, and Kenya.
High unemployment among youth and socio-economic inequalities are considered major contributing factors to local recruitment for the insurgency.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies high youth unemployment and socio-economic inequalities as primary drivers for local recruitment into the insurgency, as the movement promises an alternative to what is perceived as a corrupt system.
According to the source, what is the primary goal of the Islamist militants in the Cabo Delgado insurgency?
Answer: To establish an Islamic state in the region
Explanation: The source states that the primary goal of the Islamist militants is to establish an Islamic state in the Cabo Delgado Province.
The initial ideology of Ansar al-Sunna was heavily influenced by the followers of which individual?
Answer: Aboud Rogo
Explanation: Ansar al-Sunna was formed by followers of the radical Kenyan cleric Aboud Rogo, who was killed in 2012.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary source of funding for the Ansar al-Sunna insurgency?
Answer: Foreign state sponsorship
Explanation: The source identifies funding sources as illicit activities like heroin trafficking, contraband smuggling, and the ivory trade, but does not mention foreign state sponsorship.
Who provided the initial military training to Ansar al-Sunna militants?
Answer: Ex-policemen and former frontier guards
Explanation: The initial military training for Ansar al-Sunna militants was provided by ex-policemen and former frontier guards who held grudges against the government.
According to the source, what is a primary socio-economic reason young people join the Islamist rebels?
Answer: High unemployment and increasing inequalities
Explanation: Analysts believe high unemployment and increasing inequalities are primary socio-economic factors that make young people susceptible to recruitment by the Islamist rebels.
What is the local name for the insurgent group Ansar al-Sunna?
Answer: al-Shabaab
Explanation: The insurgent group Ansar al-Sunna is known locally as 'al-Shabaab,' though it is not formally related to the Somali group of the same name.
What core belief characterizes the Ansar al-Sunna movement's ideology?
Answer: That Islam as practiced in Mozambique has been corrupted
Explanation: The core belief of the Ansar al-Sunna movement is that Islam as practiced in Mozambique has been corrupted and no longer follows the teachings of Muhammad.
The insurgency in Cabo Delgado is exclusively a conflict between Islamist militants and Mozambican security forces.
Answer: False
Explanation: The conflict involves Islamist militants, Mozambican forces, international allies, and criminal bandits, with civilians being the primary targets of attacks.
The Islamic State's Central Africa Province (IS-CAP) was the sole insurgent faction active in Cabo Delgado from the beginning of the conflict.
Answer: False
Explanation: While IS-CAP is a major faction, the insurgency began with the native group Ansar al-Sunna. IS-CAP became active later, claiming its first attack in mid-2019.
The militants in Cabo Delgado are exclusively foreign nationals from Tanzania and Somalia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The militants are a diverse group, primarily composed of Mozambicans from local districts, though they do include some foreign nationals from Tanzania and Somalia.
Bonomade Machude Omar, a key insurgent leader, was captured and extradited to the United States in August 2023.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bonomade Machude Omar, a key insurgent leader, was reportedly killed by Mozambique's armed forces in August 2023, not captured and extradited.
Which of the following is NOT a language spoken by the militants, according to the source?
Answer: Arabic
Explanation: The source mentions that militants speak Portuguese, the local language Kimwane, and the lingua franca Swahili, but does not list Arabic.
The first major attack of the insurgency on October 5, 2017, targeted civilian homes in Mocímboa da Praia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first major attack on October 5, 2017, targeted three police stations in Mocímboa da Praia, not civilian homes, with the goal of seizing firearms and ammunition.
Cyclone Kenneth in 2019 permanently ended the insurgency's activities in Mozambique.
Answer: False
Explanation: Cyclone Kenneth in 2019 only caused a temporary halt in insurgent attacks; the violence resumed and even escalated shortly after the storm passed.
In 2020, the port town of Mocímboa da Praia was captured by insurgents and declared the capital of their province.
Answer: True
Explanation: After capturing the port town of Mocímboa da Praia in August 2020, insurgents later declared it the capital of their province.
The strategic port city of Mocímboa da Praia was retaken from insurgents in August 2021 by Mozambican forces acting alone.
Answer: False
Explanation: The strategic port city of Mocímboa da Praia was retaken in August 2021 by a joint force of Rwandan and Mozambican troops.
The insurgency has remained entirely contained within the borders of Cabo Delgado province.
Answer: False
Explanation: The insurgency spread beyond Cabo Delgado for the first time in late 2021, with attacks reported in the neighboring Niassa Province.
The insurgency's first major cross-border attack into Tanzania in October 2020 resulted in the deaths of 20 civilians.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that in October 2020, militants conducted their first major cross-border attack into Mtwara, Tanzania, killing 20 civilians.
What event marked the first time ISIL officially claimed an attack in Mozambique?
Answer: The attack on the Mozambican Army at Mitopy in June 2019
Explanation: ISIL first claimed an attack in Mozambique on June 4, 2019, stating its 'Central Africa Province' branch had attacked the Mozambican Army at Mitopy.
In August 2021, the strategic port of Mocímboa da Praia was retaken by which combined force?
Answer: Rwandan and Mozambican forces
Explanation: On August 8, 2021, the strategic port of Mocímboa da Praia was retaken by a joint force of Rwandan and Mozambican troops.
The insurgency spread beyond Cabo Delgado for the first time in late 2021 with an attack in which neighboring province?
Answer: Niassa
Explanation: The conflict first spread beyond Cabo Delgado on November 25, 2021, with an attack on a village in the neighboring Niassa Province.
What natural disaster temporarily halted the insurgency's attacks in April 2019?
Answer: Cyclone Kenneth
Explanation: The arrival of Cyclone Kenneth in April 2019 caused a temporary halt in the insurgency's attacks.
In February 2024, IS fighters conducted a major raid on an army post that killed 25 soldiers in which town?
Answer: Mucojo
Explanation: In February 2024, IS fighters raided an army post in the town of Mucojo, killing 25 soldiers.
What action did insurgents take after capturing Mocímboa da Praia in August 2020?
Answer: They declared it the capital of their province.
Explanation: After capturing the port of Mocímboa da Praia in August 2020, the insurgents later declared it the capital of their province.
The insurgency's first major attack outside of Mozambique occurred in October 2020 in which country?
Answer: Tanzania
Explanation: The insurgency's first major attack outside Mozambique occurred in October 2020 with a raid on a village in Mtwara, Tanzania.
The Mozambican government is fighting the insurgency without any foreign assistance.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mozambique has received significant foreign assistance from Rwanda, the SADC, the European Union, the United States, and various private military contractors.
The Russian Wagner Group's intervention was highly successful, leading to their permanent establishment in Mozambique.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wagner Group's intervention is widely considered a failure. They suffered significant setbacks and withdrew from Mozambique by March 2020.
In response to the escalating conflict in 2021, the United States, SADC, Rwanda, and the European Union all provided support to Mozambique.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2021, Mozambique received support from multiple international partners, including the United States (training), SADC (military mission), Rwanda (troops), and the European Union (training mission).
The European Union Training Mission in Mozambique was established to provide humanitarian aid to displaced populations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The European Union Training Mission in Mozambique was established to train Mozambican armed forces to create Quick Reaction Forces, not to provide humanitarian aid.
The image of Botswana soldiers in July 2021 illustrates the deployment of troops as part of the SADC mission to support Mozambique.
Answer: True
Explanation: The image of Botswana soldiers boarding a plane in July 2021 illustrates the deployment of troops for the SADC mission (SAMIM) to support Mozambique.
What was the purpose of the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Mozambique?
Answer: To train Mozambican armed forces to create Quick Reaction Forces
Explanation: The purpose of the EUTM in Mozambique is to provide training to the Mozambican armed forces to form Quick Reaction Forces to combat the insurgency.
Which of these private military contractors (PMCs) was engaged after the Wagner Group's departure?
Answer: Dyck Advisory Group (DAG)
Explanation: After the Wagner Group withdrew, the Dyck Advisory Group (DAG) was engaged as a private military contractor to support Mozambican forces.
Which country, a former colonial power, assisted Mozambique's maritime security by donating speedboats?
Answer: Portugal
Explanation: Portugal, the former colonial power, assisted Mozambique's maritime security by donating speedboats.
Which international partner is mentioned as cooperating with Mozambique on naval infrastructure development and training?
Answer: India
Explanation: The source mentions that India is cooperating with Mozambique on marine security issues, including naval infrastructure development and training.
The conflict in Cabo Delgado, which began in October 2017, is considered part of the global war on terror and the broader war against the Islamic State.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material explicitly frames the insurgency as part of the broader war against the Islamic State, Islamic terrorism in Africa, and the global war on terror.
The Battle of Palma in March 2021 had little economic impact as it did not affect the region's major industries.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Battle of Palma had a major economic impact, forcing the energy company Total to halt its multi-billion dollar natural gas project in the region.
The discovery of offshore gas fields has helped to reduce local grievances by bringing wealth and stability to Cabo Delgado.
Answer: False
Explanation: The discovery of offshore gas fields has exacerbated local grievances due to social inequality and corruption, with little profit returning to the region, thereby fueling the insurgency rather than reducing it.
The insurgency's maritime threat includes the seizure of key ports and the creation of an unsafe environment for offshore gas investments.
Answer: True
Explanation: The insurgency poses a significant maritime threat, having seized the key port of Mocimboa da Praia and created an unsafe environment for offshore gas investments.
The insurgency in Cabo Delgado has NOT been identified as a significant threat to maritime security or international shipping.
Answer: False
Explanation: The insurgency is identified as a significant threat to maritime security, having seized a key port and disrupted offshore gas projects.
The Battle of Palma in March 2021 was particularly significant because it directly impacted what major economic project?
Answer: A massive natural gas project
Explanation: The Battle of Palma was significant because the town is a hub for a massive natural gas project, and the attack forced the energy company Total to halt its operations.
The discovery of what resource in 2011 is cited as a factor that exacerbated local grievances in Cabo Delgado?
Answer: Large offshore gas fields
Explanation: The discovery of large offshore gas fields in 2011 is cited as a factor that exacerbated local grievances due to the resulting social inequality and corruption.
Amnesty International has verified evidence of war crimes committed by both Islamist rebels and Mozambican government forces.
Answer: True
Explanation: Amnesty International has verified evidence of war crimes, including torture and murder of captured fighters by government forces, while Islamist rebels have frequently targeted and murdered civilians.
The Bishop of Pemba believed the rest of Mozambique showed strong solidarity with Cabo Delgado, viewing the conflict as a national crisis.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Bishop of Pemba expressed dismay at a lack of solidarity from the rest of Mozambique, feeling the conflict was treated as a local problem rather than a national crisis.
According to the provided data, the conflict has resulted in over 6,000 deaths, with civilians accounting for less than a quarter of the fatalities.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to the data, civilians account for a significant portion of the fatalities, with 2,509 civilians killed out of a total of 6,038 deaths.
The Muatide massacre in November 2020 involved militants beheading over 50 people.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Muatide massacre in November 2020 involved militants beheading over 50 people.
What was the reported death toll from the Muatide massacre in November 2020?
Answer: Over 50 people
Explanation: During the Muatide massacre on November 6, 2020, militants are reported to have beheaded over 50 people.
According to the Bishop of Pemba, how was the conflict in Cabo Delgado perceived by the rest of Mozambique?
Answer: As a local problem, with a lack of national solidarity
Explanation: The Bishop of Pemba stated that the conflict was being treated as a local problem and lamented a lack of solidarity from the rest of Mozambique.
What specific accusation of war crimes was leveled against Mozambican security forces, according to the source?
Answer: Torturing and murdering captured rebel fighters
Explanation: Amnesty International verified videos that reportedly show Mozambican government forces torturing and murdering captured rebel fighters.
According to the infobox data, approximately how many people have been displaced by the conflict?
Answer: 400,000
Explanation: The infobox data states that the conflict has led to the displacement of approximately 400,000 people.