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International migration is distinguished from internal migration by the movement of people across state boundaries with an intent to reside in the host state for a specified duration.
Answer: True
Explanation: International migration is defined by the crossing of state boundaries and an intent for residence, differentiating it from internal migration which occurs within a single country.
The nine categories academics use to classify international migrants include temporary labor migrants, refugees, and highly skilled migrants, but exclude asylum seekers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Asylum seekers are explicitly listed as one of the nine distinct categories academics use to classify international migrants.
Permanent migrants are defined as individuals who plan to stay in a new country for limited periods, such as for a specific study program or work contract.
Answer: False
Explanation: Permanent migrants intend long-term residence and may seek citizenship, while temporary migrants plan limited stays for specific purposes.
A refugee is an individual whose claim for international protection has not yet been determined, while an asylum seeker has already been granted protection due to persecution fears.
Answer: False
Explanation: An asylum seeker's claim for protection has not yet been determined, while a refugee has already been granted protection.
Irregular, illegal, or undocumented migrants are individuals who reside in a host state without the necessary legal authorization or documentation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source defines irregular, illegal, or undocumented migrants as those residing in a host state without necessary legal authorization.
A return migrant is someone who moves to a new country for a second time after having previously lived there.
Answer: False
Explanation: A return migrant is defined as someone who moves back to their country of origin after living abroad, not to a new country for a second time.
What is the defining characteristic that distinguishes international migration from internal migration?
Answer: The crossing of state boundaries.
Explanation: International migration is fundamentally defined by the movement of people across state boundaries, differentiating it from internal migration within a country.
According to academics, how many distinct categories are used to classify international migrants?
Answer: Nine
Explanation: Academics classify international migrants into nine distinct categories.
What is the fundamental difference between permanent and temporary migrants?
Answer: Permanent migrants intend long-term residence and may seek citizenship, while temporary migrants plan limited stays.
Explanation: Permanent migrants intend long-term residence and may seek citizenship, while temporary migrants plan limited stays for specific purposes.
What distinguishes an asylum seeker from a refugee?
Answer: An asylum seeker is seeking protection, but their claim for refugee status has not yet been determined, whereas a refugee has been granted protection.
Explanation: An asylum seeker is seeking protection but their claim for refugee status has not yet been determined, while a refugee has been granted protection due to persecution fears.
What is a characteristic of 'irregular, illegal, or undocumented migrants'?
Answer: They reside in a host state without necessary legal authorization.
Explanation: Irregular, illegal, or undocumented migrants reside in a host state without the necessary legal authorization or documentation.
What is the definition of a 'return migrant'?
Answer: A migrant who moves back to their country of origin after living abroad.
Explanation: A return migrant is an individual who moves back to their country of origin after living abroad.
Which of the following migrant categories is defined by individuals seeking professional opportunities, investment, or to establish businesses abroad?
Answer: Highly skilled and business migrants
Explanation: Highly skilled and business migrants are defined by their pursuit of professional opportunities, investment, or establishing businesses abroad.
One of the primary reasons individuals engage in international migration is to escape adverse political conditions in their home countries.
Answer: True
Explanation: Escaping adverse political conditions is identified as a significant 'push factor' driving individuals to seek international migration.
Poor medical care and insufficient job opportunities are examples of 'push factors' that incentivize people to leave their home countries.
Answer: True
Explanation: Poor medical care and insufficient job opportunities are explicitly listed as 'push factors' in the source material.
Enhanced security and lower crime rates are considered 'pull factors' that attract people to new countries.
Answer: True
Explanation: Enhanced security and lower crime rates are explicitly listed as 'pull factors' in the source material.
Education is a significant driver for international migration, with students often moving abroad for studies, and this type of migration is always permanent.
Answer: False
Explanation: While education is a driver, this type of migration can sometimes be temporary, with individuals returning home after studies.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary reason individuals engage in international migration?
Answer: Participating in international sporting events.
Explanation: The primary reasons for international migration include seeking economic opportunities, reuniting with family, escaping adverse political conditions, and education. Participating in international sporting events is not listed as a primary driver.
Which of the following is considered a 'push factor' for international migration?
Answer: Limited overall opportunities
Explanation: Limited overall opportunities are listed as a 'push factor' that incentivizes people to leave their home countries.
Which of the following is considered a 'pull factor' for international migration?
Answer: Lower crime rates
Explanation: Lower crime rates are listed as a 'pull factor' that attracts people to new countries.
What is the role of education as a driver for international migration?
Answer: Students move abroad for studies, and this migration can sometimes be temporary.
Explanation: Students move abroad for studies, and this migration can sometimes be temporary, making education a significant driver.
Both permanent and temporary migrants significantly influence the economies and societies of their destination countries and countries of origin.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that both permanent and temporary migrants exert a significant influence on the economies and societies of both destination and origin countries.
Remittances sent by migrants contribute significantly to their home country's economy by providing a vital source of income and foreign exchange.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that remittances provide a vital source of income and foreign exchange, significantly contributing to the home country's economy.
According to a World Bank report, global remittances reached US$400 billion in 2016, a decrease from the previous year.
Answer: False
Explanation: Global remittances reached US$400 billion in 2015 and increased to US$586 billion in 2016, indicating an increase, not a decrease.
Long-term, low-skilled migrants are crucial for certain economic functions in destination countries, often filling labor demands in various sectors.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that long-term, low-skilled migrants often fill labor demands in various sectors, contributing to economic functions.
Global labor arbitrage is a practice where companies exploit wage differences between countries by relocating jobs to areas with higher labor costs.
Answer: False
Explanation: Global labor arbitrage involves moving jobs to locations with lower labor costs, not higher.
What impact do both permanent and temporary migrants have on countries?
Answer: They exert a significant influence on the economies and societies of both destination and origin countries.
Explanation: Both permanent and temporary migrants exert a significant influence on the economies and societies of both destination and origin countries.
What was the global value of remittances in 2016, according to the World Bank?
Answer: US$586 billion
Explanation: According to a World Bank report, global remittances reached US$586 billion in 2016.
How do long-term, low-skilled migrants typically contribute to the economies of destination countries?
Answer: By filling labor demands in sectors requiring manual labor or services.
Explanation: Long-term, low-skilled migrants typically contribute by filling labor demands in sectors requiring manual labor or services.
What does 'Global labor arbitrage' refer to in the context of international migration?
Answer: Companies moving jobs to countries with lower labor costs to exploit wage differentials.
Explanation: Global labor arbitrage refers to companies moving jobs to countries with lower labor costs to exploit wage differentials.
What was the approximate global value of remittances in 2015, according to the World Bank?
Answer: US$400 billion
Explanation: According to a World Bank report, global remittances reached approximately US$400 billion in 2015.
The United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain are noted for having highly multicultural populations, with the UAE having the lowest percentage of foreign-born residents among these four countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: The UAE is noted for having the highest percentage of foreign-born residents (almost 84%) among the listed countries, not the lowest.
The diverse populations in the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain primarily emigrated from countries such as India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, leading to a 500% increase in their combined population between 1990 and 2013.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that these populations primarily emigrated from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, and their combined population increased by 500% between 1990 and 2013.
The image caption about foreign-born population growth indicates that migration to Western countries has sharply decreased in recent decades.
Answer: False
Explanation: The image caption indicates a sharp increase in foreign-born population in Western countries, not a decrease.
Which country among the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain is noted for having the highest percentage of foreign-born population?
Answer: United Arab Emirates
Explanation: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is noted for having the highest percentage of foreign-born population among these countries, at almost 84%.
From which three countries did the diverse populations in the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain primarily emigrate?
Answer: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan
Explanation: The diverse populations in these countries primarily emigrated from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
How much did the combined population of the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain increase between 1990 and 2013 due to immigration?
Answer: 500%
Explanation: The combined population of these countries increased by 500% between 1990 and 2013 due to immigration.
According to the image caption, what trend has been observed regarding migration to Western countries in recent decades?
Answer: A sharp increase in foreign-born population.
Explanation: The image caption indicates a sharp increase in foreign-born population in Western countries in recent decades.