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According to the 2021 Canadian census, Islam was the second-largest religion in Canada, representing 4.9% of the population.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2021 Canadian census data confirms that Islam is the second-largest religion in Canada, comprising 4.9% of the total population.
Muslims were first officially recorded in Canadian census data in 1871, with the initial enumeration identifying 13 individuals.
Answer: True
Explanation: The earliest Canadian census data that officially recorded Muslims dates back to 1871, at which time 13 individuals identified with the religion.
The majority of Muslims in Canada practice Sunni Islam, with a significant minority adhering to Shia Islam.
Answer: True
Explanation: Demographic data indicates that the predominant branch of Islam practiced by Muslims in Canada is Sunni Islam, with Shia Islam being the next largest denomination.
Ontario is the province with the largest concentration of Muslims in Canada, housing over half of the country's Muslim population.
Answer: True
Explanation: Geographic distribution data consistently shows that Ontario is home to the largest Muslim population in Canada, accounting for more than 50% of the national total.
The Muslim population in Canada saw a decrease from 1971 to 2021, falling from 4.9% to less than 1% of the total population.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to this statement, the Muslim population in Canada has experienced substantial growth from 1971 to 2021, increasing from less than 1% to 4.9% of the total population.
The Canadian Muslim population grew from approximately 250,000 in 1991 to over 1 million by 2011.
Answer: True
Explanation: Census data indicates a significant demographic expansion of the Muslim population in Canada, rising from approximately 253,265 individuals in 1991 to over 1,053,945 by 2011.
In 2001, the fertility rate for Muslims in Canada was higher than the general Canadian population, averaging 2.4 children per woman, compared to 1.6 for the general population.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to data from 2001, the fertility rate among Muslims in Canada was notably higher than the national average, with an average of 2.4 children per woman as opposed to 1.6 for the general population.
The Muslim community in the Greater Toronto Area, according to the 2011 NHS, was diverse, with significant representation from various ethnic backgrounds, not predominantly South Asian.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2011 National Household Survey revealed considerable ethnic diversity within the Muslim population of the Greater Toronto Area, encompassing individuals from numerous origins rather than being predominantly South Asian.
In 2011, Muslims represented nearly 6% of the total metropolitan population in Greater Montreal.
Answer: True
Explanation: Census data from 2011 indicates that Muslims constituted close to 6% of the overall metropolitan population within the Greater Montreal area.
Ontario's Muslim population saw a significant increase, growing from 1.4% in 1991 to 6.72% in 2021.
Answer: True
Explanation: Census figures demonstrate a substantial demographic expansion of the Muslim population within Ontario, increasing from 1.4% in 1991 to 6.72% by 2021.
Mississauga—Erin Mills had the highest percentage of Muslim residents among Ontario federal electoral districts in the 2021 Census.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to the 2021 Census data, the federal electoral district of Mississauga—Erin Mills recorded the highest proportion of Muslim residents within Ontario, at 26.93%.
Saint-Leonard—Saint-Michel in Quebec had the highest percentage of Muslim residents in the 2021 Census.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2021 Census data identified the federal electoral district of Saint-Leonard—Saint-Michel in Quebec as having the highest percentage of Muslim residents within the province.
According to the 2021 Canadian census, what percentage of the population identified as Muslim, and what was Islam's rank among religions in Canada?
Answer: 4.9% of the population, ranking as the second-largest religion.
Explanation: The 2021 Canadian census data indicates that 4.9% of the population identified as Muslim, positioning Islam as the second-largest religion in Canada.
When were Muslims first recorded in Canadian census data, and when was the first mosque established in Canada?
Answer: Muslims were first recorded in the 1871 census; the first mosque was established in 1938.
Explanation: The initial official recording of Muslims in Canadian census data occurred in 1871. The Al-Rashid Mosque, recognized as the first mosque in Canada, was established in Edmonton in 1938.
Which branches of Islam are primarily practiced by Muslims in Canada?
Answer: The majority follow Sunni Islam, with a significant minority practicing Shia Islam.
Explanation: The demographic composition of Muslims in Canada indicates that Sunni Islam is the predominant branch, followed by a significant minority adhering to Shia Islam.
Geographically, where is the largest concentration of Canada's Muslim population found?
Answer: Ontario, where more than half of the country's Muslim population resides.
Explanation: Ontario hosts the largest concentration of Muslims in Canada, encompassing over 50% of the nation's Muslim population, followed by significant communities in Quebec, Alberta, and British Columbia.
How did the Muslim population in Canada change between 1991 and 2011?
Answer: It grew significantly from about 253,000 to over 1 million.
Explanation: Between 1991 and 2011, the Muslim population in Canada experienced substantial growth, increasing from approximately 253,265 individuals to over 1,053,945.
What was the comparative fertility rate of Muslims in Canada in 2001?
Answer: It was higher than the general population, averaging 2.4 children per woman.
Explanation: In 2001, the fertility rate among Muslims in Canada was recorded at an average of 2.4 children per woman, which was higher than the general Canadian population's average of 1.6 children per woman.
In 2011, what was a significant demographic characteristic of the Muslim population in the Vancouver metropolitan area?
Answer: Over a third of the Muslim population was of Iranian descent.
Explanation: The 2011 National Household Survey data for the Vancouver metropolitan area indicated that a notable demographic feature was that over one-third of the Muslim population traced its origins to Iran.
A significant increase in Muslim immigration to Canada commenced in the late 1960s and early 1970s, following the removal of European immigration preferences.
Answer: True
Explanation: The period following the revision of Canadian immigration policies, which removed preferences for European immigrants in the late 1960s and early 1970s, marked the beginning of a significant influx of Muslim immigrants from diverse global regions.
While economic opportunities and higher education were motivations, Muslim immigrants were primarily motivated by seeking religious and political freedom, escaping civil wars, and pursuing security.
Answer: True
Explanation: The decision for many Muslims to immigrate to Canada was driven by a complex interplay of factors, including the pursuit of religious and political freedoms, refuge from conflict and persecution, and the desire for enhanced security and economic stability.
During the 1980s and 1990s, Canada received refugees fleeing conflicts such as the Lebanese Civil War, the Somali Civil War, and the conflicts associated with the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Canada served as a destination for refugees during the 1980s and 1990s, notably those displaced by the Lebanese Civil War, the Somali Civil War, and the violent conflicts that arose from the dissolution of Yugoslavia.
What demographic shift occurred in Muslim immigration to Canada starting in the late 1960s and early 1970s?
Answer: The country opened to immigration from a wider range of countries following the removal of European immigration preferences.
Explanation: The liberalization of Canadian immigration policies, specifically the removal of preferences for European immigrants, facilitated increased immigration from a broader spectrum of countries, including those with predominantly Muslim populations, beginning in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Which of the following was NOT cited as a primary motivation for Muslim immigrants choosing to settle in Canada?
Answer: Joining established Muslim communities for cultural continuity.
Explanation: While factors such as religious freedom, safety from conflict, and economic/educational opportunities were significant drivers for Muslim immigration to Canada, the primary motivation was not solely the desire to join pre-existing established communities, but rather a combination of seeking better life prospects and refuge.
Which specific conflict led to the arrival of Somali Muslims in Canada during the 1990s?
Answer: The Somali Civil War.
Explanation: The Somali Civil War, which intensified in the early 1990s, was a primary catalyst for the displacement of Somali Muslims, many of whom subsequently sought refuge and settled in Canada.
As of 2024, there are at least 458 mosques and Islamic centers across Canada.
Answer: True
Explanation: Current estimates indicate that Canada hosts a minimum of 458 mosques and Islamic centers, primarily situated in urban and suburban areas.
The Al-Rashid Mosque, established in 1938, is recognized as the first mosque built in Canada and is now part of a historical park.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Al-Rashid Mosque in Edmonton, constructed in 1938, holds the distinction of being the first mosque built in Canada and is preserved today within the Fort Edmonton Park museum.
The Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, located in Edmonton, Alberta, was the first Islamic seminary in North America.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, established in Cornwall, Ontario, in 1983, is recognized as the first Islamic seminary in North America, not located in Edmonton.
The Muslim Association of Canada (MAC) aims to integrate an Islamic presence into Canadian society and culture.
Answer: True
Explanation: The stated mission of the Muslim Association of Canada (MAC) involves establishing a balanced Islamic presence within Canada, fostering integration into the nation's social fabric and cultural landscape.
The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM) is primarily focused on promoting Islamic education and scholarship across Canada.
Answer: False
Explanation: The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM) is primarily dedicated to safeguarding Canadian human rights and civil liberties, with a focus on combating discrimination and Islamophobia, rather than solely promoting Islamic education.
Islamic Relief Canada primarily focuses on providing educational resources for Muslim youth in Canada.
Answer: False
Explanation: Islamic Relief Canada's primary function is to facilitate charitable contributions and ensure transparency between donors and recipients for both domestic and international aid initiatives.
The Canadian Council of Muslim Women (CCMW) works to empower Muslim women and promote their equality and equity.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Canadian Council of Muslim Women (CCMW) is dedicated to advancing the empowerment, equality, and equity of Muslim women and girls across Canada through various advocacy and community engagement efforts.
Hilwie Hamdon was instrumental in the fundraising and organization that led to the construction of Canada's first mosque.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hilwie Hamdon played a pivotal role in mobilizing community support and resources for the construction of the Al-Rashid Mosque, recognized as the first mosque established in Canada.
The Canadian Islamic Broadcasting Network (CIBN) is a physical radio station broadcasting Islamic content across Canada.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Canadian Islamic Broadcasting Network (CIBN) is an online radio station, established in 2019, that broadcasts Islamic content via the internet, rather than being a physical radio station.
Muslim Welfare Canada operates food banks and provides meals for seniors, but does not offer shelter services.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muslim Welfare Canada provides a comprehensive range of services, including operating food banks, delivering meals to seniors, and offering shelter accommodations for women, children, and refugees.
The Muslim Federal Employee Network (MFEN) serves as a national forum for Muslims working in the Federal Public Service.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Muslim Federal Employee Network (MFEN) functions as a national organization providing a platform for Muslim employees within the Federal Public Service to discuss inclusivity and support the government's diversity initiatives.
The 'Reviving the Islamic Spirit' conference is known as the largest Islamic event in Canada.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Reviving the Islamic Spirit' conference is recognized as the largest Islamic gathering held annually in Canada.
The minaret at the Bosnian Islamic Centre in Etobicoke is the oldest minaret in Ontario, not Canada.
Answer: True
Explanation: The minaret associated with the Bosnian Islamic Centre in Etobicoke is noted as the oldest minaret in Ontario, constructed in an Ottoman architectural style.
Muslim Welfare Canada focuses on combating hunger through its food banks and meal programs for seniors, and also provides shelter services for women, children, and refugees.
Answer: True
Explanation: Muslim Welfare Canada's operational mandate includes providing essential services such as food banks, meal delivery for seniors, and shelter accommodations for vulnerable populations including women, children, and refugees.
What is the approximate number of mosques and Islamic centers in Canada as of 2024?
Answer: At least 458
Explanation: Current estimates indicate that Canada is home to a minimum of 458 mosques and Islamic centers, reflecting the growth and presence of Muslim communities across the country.
What is the historical significance of the Al-Rashid Mosque in Edmonton?
Answer: It was the first mosque built in Canada and is now a museum exhibit.
Explanation: The Al-Rashid Mosque in Edmonton, built in 1938, holds historical importance as the first mosque constructed in Canada. It is now preserved as part of the museum at Fort Edmonton Park.
Which organization is described as an independent, non-partisan body dedicated to protecting Canadian human rights and civil liberties, particularly concerning discrimination and Islamophobia?
Answer: The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM)
Explanation: The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM) functions as an independent, non-partisan organization committed to upholding human rights and civil liberties, actively addressing issues of discrimination and Islamophobia within Canada.
What role does Islamic Relief Canada play within the Canadian Muslim community?
Answer: It facilitates charitable contributions and ensures transparency between donors and recipients.
Explanation: Islamic Relief Canada serves as a conduit for charitable donations, ensuring transparency and effective distribution of aid to beneficiaries both domestically and internationally.
Which organization provides services such as food banks, meals for seniors, and shelter for women, children, and refugees?
Answer: Muslim Welfare Canada
Explanation: Muslim Welfare Canada is an organization that provides a range of essential social services, including operating food banks, delivering meals to seniors, and offering shelter accommodations for vulnerable individuals and families.
What is the primary goal of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women (CCMW)?
Answer: To advocate for the rights and equality of Muslim women and girls.
Explanation: The Canadian Council of Muslim Women (CCMW) is fundamentally dedicated to advancing the empowerment, equality, and equity of Muslim women and girls throughout Canada via advocacy and community initiatives.
Nazem Kadri is the first Canadian Muslim to win the Stanley Cup in professional ice hockey.
Answer: True
Explanation: Nazem Kadri achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first Canadian Muslim professional ice hockey player to win the Stanley Cup.
Ginella Massa is recognized as the first Canadian news anchor to wear a hijab while reporting.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ginella Massa holds the distinction of being the first news anchor in Canada to wear a hijab during her reporting duties for CityNews Toronto.
T. B. Irving is recognized for producing the first American English translation of the Qur'an.
Answer: True
Explanation: T. B. Irving is credited with authoring the first American English translation of the Qur'an.
Shabir Ally is an Islamic scholar based in Toronto, known for his work with the Islamic Information & Dawah Centre International.
Answer: True
Explanation: Shabir Ally, a Guyanese-born Islamic scholar, serves as the President of the Islamic Information & Dawah Centre International, located in Toronto.
Mustafa Khattab authored 'The Clear Qur'an,' a Canadian English translation of the Qur'an.
Answer: True
Explanation: 'The Clear Qur'an,' a Canadian English translation of the holy book, was authored by Mustafa Khattab, a Canadian-Egyptian Islamic scholar.
Ingrid Mattson is a prominent Islamic scholar, not a figure in Canadian journalism.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ingrid Mattson is recognized for her significant contributions as a Canadian Islamic scholar.
Yassine Bounou, a Canadian-born goalkeeper, plays internationally for the Morocco national team.
Answer: True
Explanation: Yassine Bounou, a professional goalkeeper born in Canada, represents the Morocco national team in international football competitions.
Farhan Zaidi is the president of baseball operations for the San Francisco Giants, not the manager.
Answer: True
Explanation: Farhan Zaidi holds the executive position of president of baseball operations for the San Francisco Giants in Major League Baseball.
Obby Khan is recognized both as a former Canadian football centre and as a businessman who founded a popular halal shawarma restaurant.
Answer: True
Explanation: Obby Khan has a dual career, known for his tenure as a Canadian football player in the CFL and for establishing Shawarma Khan, a successful halal shawarma establishment.
Alaa Murabit directs global health advocacy and communications at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, not the World Health Organization.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dr. Alaa Murabit holds a leadership position directing global health advocacy and communications at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Omar Sachedina is an anchorman and journalist working for CTV.
Answer: True
Explanation: Omar Sachedina is a recognized figure in Canadian media, serving as an anchorman and journalist for CTV News.
Haroon Siddiqui is primarily known for his work as a newspaper journalist and columnist, not as a sports commentator.
Answer: True
Explanation: Haroon Siddiqui is distinguished for his career in journalism, particularly as a columnist and former editor for the Toronto Star, rather than for sports commentary.
Mohammed Ahmed is Canada's most successful athlete in long-distance running, with Olympic and World Championship medals.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mohammed Ahmed, a Somali-born Canadian, is celebrated as Canada's preeminent long-distance runner, having earned medals at both the Olympic Games and World Athletics Championships.
What distinction does Nazem Kadri hold in Canadian professional ice hockey?
Answer: He is the first Canadian Muslim to win the Stanley Cup.
Explanation: Nazem Kadri, a prominent Canadian Muslim professional ice hockey player, achieved the distinction of being the first Canadian Muslim to win the Stanley Cup.
What is notable about Ginella Massa's career in Canadian television?
Answer: She is the first news anchor in Canada to wear a hijab while reporting.
Explanation: Ginella Massa has made a significant mark in Canadian television journalism as the first news anchor to wear a hijab while delivering news reports for CityNews Toronto.
Who is T. B. Irving recognized for in relation to the Qur'an?
Answer: Producing the first American English translation of the Qur'an.
Explanation: T. B. Irving is acknowledged for his significant contribution as the producer of the first American English translation of the Qur'an.
What is the significance of Mustafa Khattab's work, 'The Clear Qur'an'?
Answer: It is a Canadian English translation of the Qur'an.
Explanation: 'The Clear Qur'an' by Mustafa Khattab is notable as a Canadian English translation of the Qur'an, making the text more accessible to English-speaking readers.
What dual role does Obby Khan play in Canadian culture?
Answer: He is a former CFL player and founder of a halal shawarma restaurant.
Explanation: Obby Khan is recognized in Canada for his athletic career as a former Canadian Football League (CFL) player and for his entrepreneurial venture as the founder of a popular halal shawarma restaurant.
What is Alaa Murabit's current role in global health?
Answer: Director of Global Health Advocacy and Communications at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Explanation: Dr. Alaa Murabit holds a significant position directing global health advocacy and communications at the esteemed Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
What distinction does Mohammed Ahmed hold in Canadian athletics?
Answer: He is Canada's most successful athlete in long-distance running, with Olympic and World Championship medals.
Explanation: Mohammed Ahmed is recognized as Canada's most accomplished long-distance runner, having secured medals at both the Olympic Games and World Athletics Championships, solidifying his status in Canadian athletics history.
In the 2006 Canadian federal election, the Liberal Party received the highest percentage of votes among Canadian Muslim voters.
Answer: True
Explanation: Exit poll data from the 2006 Canadian federal election indicated that the Liberal Party garnered the largest share of votes from Muslim constituents.
Support for the Conservative Party among Canadian Muslim voters significantly increased from 2011 to 2015.
Answer: False
Explanation: Analysis of voting patterns shows a decrease in support for the Conservative Party among Canadian Muslim voters between the 2011 and 2015 federal elections, while support for the Liberal Party saw a substantial rise.
In early 2024, the National Council of Canadian Muslims announced that MPs would not be welcomed in their places of worship until a ceasefire was enacted in the Gaza war.
Answer: True
Explanation: During Ramadan in early 2024, the National Council of Canadian Muslims declared that Members of Parliament would be denied entry to their places of worship until a ceasefire agreement was reached concerning the Gaza war.
A May 2024 poll indicated that the Conservative Party was the preferred choice for Canadian Muslims.
Answer: False
Explanation: A poll conducted in May 2024 suggested that the New Democratic Party (NDP) was the preferred choice among Canadian Muslims, followed by the Liberal Party, with the Conservative Party receiving lower support.
In 2023, the Network-100 GTA, a group of 400 Canadian Muslim professionals, ceased financial support for the Liberal Party due to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's stance on the Gaza war, ending donations that had exceeded $20,000 since 2014.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Network-100 GTA, comprising 400 Canadian Muslim professionals, announced in 2023 the cessation of financial contributions to the Liberal Party, citing Prime Minister Trudeau's position on the Gaza war as the reason for ending donations that had been ongoing since 2014.
What action did some Muslim groups take regarding Canadian MPs in early 2024 concerning the Gaza war?
Answer: They announced MPs would not be welcomed in their places of worship until a ceasefire was enacted.
Explanation: In early 2024, the National Council of Canadian Muslims declared that Members of Parliament would not be permitted entry into their places of worship until a ceasefire was achieved in the Gaza conflict.
Social Integration and Public Discourse
A tragic shooting incident occurred at a mosque in Quebec City in January 2017, resulting in multiple fatalities.
Answer: True
Explanation: In January 2017, a violent attack at a mosque in Quebec City led to the tragic loss of six Muslim lives.
A 2016 poll revealed that a lower percentage of non-Muslim Canadians expressed pride in being Canadian compared to Muslims.
Answer: True
Explanation: Survey data from 2016 indicated that a higher proportion of Muslims in Canada reported feeling 'very proud' to be Canadian compared to their non-Muslim counterparts.
According to a 2016 poll, acceptance of homosexuality among Canadian Muslims was significantly lower than in the general Canadian population.
Answer: True
Explanation: A 2016 poll found that while 80% of the general Canadian population accepted homosexuality, only 36% of Canadian Muslims held the same view, though acceptance was higher among Canadian-born and younger Muslims.
While the general Canadian public supports the use of the hijab, there is significant opposition to the niqab and burka in public spaces.
Answer: True
Explanation: Public opinion surveys indicate strong support for the wearing of the hijab among Canadians, contrasted with considerable opposition towards the niqab and burka.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects freedom of religious expression, which permits the wearing of a hijab in public spaces like schools and workplaces.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms upholds freedom of religion, generally allowing for the wearing of religious attire such as the hijab in public settings, including educational institutions and employment environments.
Observing Islamic practices like finding halal food can be challenging for Muslims living outside major Canadian urban centers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Muslims residing in areas of Canada outside of major metropolitan centers may encounter difficulties in accessing specific religious observances, such as the availability of halal food products and adherence to prohibitions against interest-based financial transactions.
The federal government's attempt to ban the niqab during citizenship ceremonies was ultimately unsuccessful.
Answer: True
Explanation: The federal government's initiative in 2011 to prohibit the wearing of the niqab during citizenship ceremonies faced legal challenges and was ultimately deemed unsuccessful by the courts.
The television show *Little Mosque on the Prairie* depicted the lives of Muslims in a small Saskatchewan town.
Answer: True
Explanation: *Little Mosque on the Prairie* was a Canadian television series that offered a portrayal of the daily lives and experiences of Muslims residing in a small community in Saskatchewan.
What significant event occurred at a Quebec City mosque in January 2017?
Answer: A shooting attack resulted in the deaths of six Muslim individuals.
Explanation: In January 2017, a violent shooting incident took place at a mosque in Quebec City, resulting in the tragic fatalities of six Muslim worshippers.
According to a 2016 poll, what percentage of Muslims felt 'very proud' to be Canadian, and how did this compare to non-Muslim Canadians?
Answer: 83% of Muslims felt proud, surpassing the 73% of non-Muslims.
Explanation: A 2016 poll indicated that 83% of Canadian Muslims expressed feeling 'very proud' to be Canadian, a sentiment shared by 73% of non-Muslim Canadians. This suggests a strong sense of national pride within the Muslim community.
What were the findings of a 2016 Environics poll regarding Canadian Muslims' views on the societal acceptance of homosexuality?
Answer: 36% of Canadian Muslims agreed with acceptance, significantly lower than the general population's 80%.
Explanation: The 2016 Environics poll revealed that 36% of Canadian Muslims agreed with the societal acceptance of homosexuality, a figure considerably lower than the 80% reported for the general Canadian population. Acceptance rates were higher among Canadian-born Muslims and younger demographics within the community.
What is the general Canadian public's stance on Muslim women wearing the hijab versus the niqab or burka?
Answer: A majority supports the hijab but opposes the niqab and burka.
Explanation: Public opinion in Canada indicates widespread support for the wearing of the hijab, with approximately 75% of Canadians expressing approval. However, there is considerably less support for the niqab and burka, with only about 30% approving of these forms of face and body covering.
What was the outcome of the federal government's attempt to ban the niqab during citizenship ceremonies?
Answer: The ban was ruled unsuccessful, with courts opposing it.
Explanation: The federal government's 2011 policy to ban the niqab during citizenship ceremonies was challenged in court and ultimately found unsuccessful, with judicial rulings opposing its implementation.
The television show *Little Mosque on the Prairie* offered a portrayal of which aspect of Canadian life?
Answer: The lives and experiences of Muslims in a small Saskatchewan town.
Explanation: *Little Mosque on the Prairie* provided a narrative depiction of the daily lives and community interactions of Muslims situated in a small town in Saskatchewan, Canada.