Explanation: J. K. Rowling's birth name is Joanne Rowling. She adopted the initial 'K' from her paternal grandmother, Kathleen, when her publisher suggested using initials to appeal to a male audience.

Explanation: The source indicates that J. K. Rowling's period of relative poverty ended with the publication of her first novel in 1997. She was named the world's highest-paid author by Forbes in 2008, not 2000.

Explanation: The source states that Rowling's first story, 'Rabbit,' was inspired by the creatures in Richard Scarry's books, not those of Beatrix Potter.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling described herself as 'the epitome of a bookish child' who lived in a world of daydreams, and was known to be intelligent yet shy.

Explanation: The source indicates that Rowling's home life was complicated by her mother's illness and a difficult relationship with her father, leading her to describe her teenage years as unhappy.

Explanation: The source confirms that after her divorce, Rowling received government assistance and described herself as a failure, being 'as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless.'

Explanation: J. K. Rowling identifies as a Christian and has stated she believes in God, although she does not believe in magic or witchcraft.

Explanation: The source confirms that Rowling described her first marriage as 'short and catastrophic' and that it involved domestic abuse, with her ex-husband admitting to slapping her.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling's full birth name is Joanne Rowling. The 'K' in her pen name was added later and does not represent a legal middle name.

Explanation: Joanne Rowling was born on July 31, 1965, in Yate, Gloucestershire, England.

Explanation: The source identifies J. K. Rowling as an author, philanthropist, and screenwriter, but not as a journalist.

Explanation: In the seven years after conceiving the Harry Potter idea, Rowling experienced her mother's death, the birth of her first child, a divorce, and a period of poverty.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling has received many accolades, including being appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour for her services to literature and philanthropy.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling's mother, Anne, was with the Women's Royal Naval Service (Wrens) and later worked as a science technician.

Explanation: Rowling's parents met on a train trip from King's Cross station in London to their naval postings in Arbroath, Scotland.

Explanation: Jessica Mitford, a civil rights activist, became Rowling's heroine after she read Mitford's autobiography, *Hons and Rebels*, as a teenager.

Explanation: After her first marriage ended, Rowling received £69 (US$103) per week from Social Security.

Explanation: Biographers describe Rowling as an average student at university who prioritized her social life over her studies and lacked ambition.

Explanation: The source confirms that by 2023, the Harry Potter series had sold over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 languages, and spawned a global media franchise.

Explanation: According to the source, Bloomsbury Publishing staff anticipated that their target audience of young boys would not want to read a book written by a woman, leading to the suggestion of using initials.

Explanation: The source explicitly states that the Dementors, soul-sucking creatures from the series, were inspired by the deep depression Rowling experienced in early 1994.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a four-hour delayed train from Manchester to London, not on a flight.

Explanation: The manuscript was rejected by twelve publishers before Bloomsbury Publishing acquired it.

Explanation: The source confirms the initial UK print run for the first Harry Potter book was 5,650 copies, comprising 500 hardbacks and 5,150 paperbacks.

Explanation: The series is noted for reversing a trend of realism in children's literature, leading to a resurgence in crossover fiction and raising the cultural status of the children's market.

Explanation: In 1990, when she conceived the idea for Harry Potter, J. K. Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International.

Explanation: While the book was nominated for the adult Whitbread Book of the Year award, the award body ultimately gave Rowling the children's prize instead.

Explanation: The source states that by 2023, the Harry Potter series had been translated into 84 languages.

Explanation: The initial UK print run for the first Harry Potter book included only 500 hardback copies.

Explanation: Arthur A. Levine, head of the Scholastic imprint, pushed for a name change. As a compromise, Rowling suggested *Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone* for the US market.

Explanation: When she conceived the idea for Harry Potter in 1990, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International.

Explanation: Upon its US release, the book was not widely reviewed, but the reviews it received were generally positive, and it quickly became a *New York Times* bestseller.

Explanation: The original and full title of the first book in the series is *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone*.

Explanation: *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows*, the seventh and final book in the series, was published in July 2007.

Explanation: In 2008, Rowling contributed an 800-word *Harry Potter* prequel to the *What's Your Story Postcard Collection* to benefit charity.

Explanation: *The Casual Vacancy* received mixed reviews, and some critics suggested it would have been better if it had included magical elements, which it did not.

Explanation: The source confirms that prior to the revelation of J. K. Rowling as the author, *The Cuckoo's Calling* had sold only 1,500 hardback copies.

Explanation: The source indicates that the *Cormoran Strike* series was more warmly received by critics than her other adult fiction, although some reviewers found the plots to be contrived.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling writes the Cormoran Strike crime fiction series under the alias Robert Galbraith.

Explanation: Before it was revealed that Rowling was the author, *The Cuckoo's Calling* had sold only 1,500 hardback copies.

Explanation: The first book in the *Cormoran Strike* series, written under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith, is titled *The Cuckoo's Calling*.

Explanation: *The Ickabog* was published in print in the US and Canada on November 10, 2020.

Explanation: Rowling's 2015 non-fiction book is titled *Very Good Lives: The Fringe Benefits of Failure and Importance of Imagination*.

Explanation: When selling the film rights to Warner Bros., Rowling's provisions included that films would only be based on her books and that she would retain the right to final script approval.

Explanation: A November 2022 report from *Variety* indicated that Warner Bros. Discovery was not actively planning to continue the *Fantastic Beasts* film series.

Explanation: The source describes Pottermore, launched in 2011, as an e-book publisher and interactive portal for new content about the Harry Potter universe written by Rowling.

Explanation: The source confirms that a *Harry Potter* television series was announced in 2023, with plans for each book to be adapted into a season and Rowling serving as an executive producer.

Explanation: The source confirms that J. K. Rowling served as both the screenwriter and a producer for the three films in the *Fantastic Beasts* series.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling is serving as an executive producer for the *Harry Potter* television series announced in 2023.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling served as a producer for the final two films in the *Harry Potter* series.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling has served as an executive producer for the *Strike* television series, which is based on her *Cormoran Strike* novels.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling made a voice cameo as herself in the 2003 *The Simpsons* episode titled 'The Regina Monologues'.

Explanation: The source material indicates that J. K. Rowling's philanthropic efforts primarily focus on medical causes and supporting at-risk women and children, not environmental conservation or animal welfare.

Explanation: The source confirms that Rowling opposed Scottish independence and made a £1 million donation to the 'Better Together' campaign, which was the largest donation it received.

Explanation: In 2015, Rowling refused to support a cultural boycott of Israel, arguing in a letter to *The Guardian* that cultural engagement was a better path forward.

Explanation: The source states that Lumos, co-founded by Rowling in 2005, works with orphanages in various countries and had supported at least 280,000 children by 2025.

Explanation: Forbes estimated that J. K. Rowling's charitable donations between 2005 and 2025 exceeded US$200 million.

Explanation: In her 2010 'Single mother's manifesto,' Rowling criticized a Conservative Party plan to offer tax credits to married couples, arguing it discriminated against single parents.

Explanation: The Volant Charitable Trust was established to address social deprivation and support at-risk women, children, and youth.

Explanation: In 2010, J. K. Rowling donated £10 million to found a multiple sclerosis research center at the University of Edinburgh.

Explanation: A deluxe copy of *The Tales of Beedle the Bard* was sold at auction for £1.95 million to benefit charity, setting a sales record for a contemporary literary work.

Explanation: Forbes estimated that J. K. Rowling's charitable donations between 2005 and 2025 exceeded US$200 million.

Explanation: In 2008, J. K. Rowling donated £1 million to the Labour Party, endorsing then-Prime Minister Gordon Brown.

Explanation: In 2022, Rowling founded and funded Beira's Place, a women-only rape help center in Edinburgh that provides free support to survivors of sexual violence.

Explanation: The source outlines two primary forms of Christian criticism: that the series was a pagan text promoting witchcraft, and that it encouraged children to oppose authority.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling won the lawsuit filed by Nancy Stouffer. The court found that Stouffer had used forged documents and penalized her $50,000.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling is opposed to legislation that would allow transgender people to legally self-identify their gender without a medical diagnosis, citing safety concerns for single-sex spaces.

Explanation: The source states that Rowling successfully sued the British tabloid *Daily Mail* for libel in 2014 over an article concerning her time as a single mother.

Explanation: While the court ruled that the initial version of the *Lexicon* was not fair use, it did not prevent the book from being published in a different form, which it was in 2009.

Explanation: The source cites Lana Whited's 2024 assertion that Rowling's views left some transgender people feeling betrayed and permanently altered her relationship with fans, readers, and her own works.

Explanation: Rowling won the case in 2002, and the court penalized Stouffer $50,000 after finding she had used forged and altered documents.

Explanation: Rowling mocked the phrase 'people who menstruate' in a tweet, which contributed to the controversy surrounding her views on gender identity.

Explanation: Following the strengthening of a hate crime law in Scotland, Rowling tweeted a list of trans women, asserted they were men, and publicly challenged the police to arrest her.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling has explicitly stated that death is the overarching and central theme of the Harry Potter series.

Explanation: The source indicates that Rowling portrays good and evil as choices rather than inherent attributes, with themes of second chances and redemption being prominent.

Explanation: Scholars describe the portrayal of women as complex, often conforming to stereotypical and patriarchal depictions, with female characters sometimes typecast and denied agency, despite women also holding positions of power.

Explanation: J. K. Rowling has stated that death is the overarching and central theme in the Harry Potter series.

Explanation: The source lists J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Ursula K. Le Guin among Rowling's influences, but does not mention Stephen King.

Explanation: Some scholars find the portrayal of house-elves troublesome, noting that they are often shown as happy in their slavery and that Hermione's abolitionist efforts are framed as naive.