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Jambudvīpa is primarily known in ancient Indian sources as a name for the territory of the Indian Subcontinent.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ancient Indian sources frequently use Jambudvīpa to refer to the territory of the Indian Subcontinent.
The term Jambudvīpa originates from the ancient Indian cosmogony concept of dvīpa, meaning 'mountain range'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term Jambudvīpa originates from the concept of dvīpa, which translates to 'island' or 'continent', not 'mountain range'.
Emperor Ashoka used the term Jambudvīpa to denote his empire during the fifth century BCE.
Answer: False
Explanation: Emperor Ashoka used the term Jambudvīpa to represent his empire during the third century BCE, not the fifth century BCE.
Kannada inscriptions from the tenth century CE also employed the term Jambudvīpa to describe Ancient India.
Answer: True
Explanation: Kannada inscriptions from the tenth century CE utilized the term Jambudvīpa to refer to Ancient India.
The literal meaning of Jambudvīpa is 'the land of mango trees'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The literal meaning of Jambudvīpa is 'the land of jambu trees,' referring to the Syzygium cumini tree.
In ancient Indian sources, what is Jambudvīpa primarily known as?
Answer: The territory of the Indian Subcontinent
From what ancient Indian cosmogony concept does the term Jambudvīpa originate?
Answer: dvīpa, meaning 'island' or 'continent'
Which historical figure used the term Jambudvīpa to represent his empire during the third century BCE?
Answer: Emperor Ashoka
What is the literal translation of the word Jambudvīpa?
Answer: 'The land of jambu trees'
Puranic cosmography describes the world as being divided into five concentric island continents.
Answer: False
Explanation: Puranic cosmography describes the world as divided into seven concentric island continents, not five.
Jambudvipa is the outermost concentric island in the Puranic scheme.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jambudvipa is the innermost concentric island in the Puranic cosmological scheme.
The seven intermediate oceans in Puranic cosmography consist of salt-water, sugarcane juice, wine, ghee, yogurt, milk, and water.
Answer: True
Explanation: Puranic descriptions confirm that the seven intermediate oceans are composed of salt-water, sugarcane juice, wine, ghee, yogurt, milk, and water.
The Lokaloka mountain range separates the known world from the celestial realms.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Lokaloka mountain range delineates the known world from the dark void beyond, not from celestial realms.
According to the Viṣṇupurāṇa, the fruits of the jambu tree on Jambudvipa are as large as horses.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Viṣṇupurāṇa describes the fruits of the jambu tree as being as large as Asian elephants, not horses.
The river formed from the juice of the jambu fruits is called the Jambunadi and provides water for Jambudvipa's inhabitants.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Jambunadi, or 'Jambu River,' is indeed formed from the juice of the jambu fruits and serves as a water source for the inhabitants of Jambudvipa.
Jambudvipa is described as comprising seven zones (varsha) and six significant mountains (parvata).
Answer: False
Explanation: Jambudvipa is described as comprising nine varsha (zones) and eight significant parvata (mountains).
The Markandeya Purana portrays Jambudvipa as being uniformly flat across its entire expanse.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Markandeya Purana characterizes Jambudvipa as depressed on its southern and northern sides, with an elevated and broad central region, not uniformly flat.
The elevated region in the middle of Jambudvipa is named Ila-vrta or Meruvarsha, with Mount Meru at its center.
Answer: True
Explanation: The central elevated region of Jambudvipa is indeed named Ila-vrta or Meruvarsha, and the golden Mount Meru is located at its very center.
The city of Brahma, Brahmapuri, is located on the summit of Mount Meru and is surrounded by cities of other deities.
Answer: True
Explanation: Brahmapuri, the city of Brahma, is situated on the summit of Mount Meru and is encircled by eight other cities belonging to Indra and seven other Devatas.
The Markandeya Purana and Brahmanda Purana depict Jambudvipa as being divided into four regions resembling a square, with Mount Meru at one corner.
Answer: False
Explanation: These Puranas depict Jambudvipa as divided into four vast regions resembling the four petals of a lotus, with Mount Meru at the center, not a square with Meru at a corner.
The Akasha Ganga originates from the foot of Vishnu and splits into four streams that irrigate Jambudvipa.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Akasha Ganga is described as originating from the foot of Vishnu and, after encircling Brahmapuri, splitting into four mighty streams that irrigate Jambudvipa.
The Vāyu Purāṇa is known for providing the most detailed geographical description of Plaksadvipa.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Vāyu Purāṇa is noted for providing the most detailed geographical description of Jambudvipa, not Plaksadvipa.
According to Puranic cosmography, how many concentric island continents divide the world?
Answer: Seven
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven continents listed in the Puranas?
Answer: Simhadvipa
What is the significance of the Lokaloka mountain range in Puranic cosmography?
Answer: It delineates the known world from the dark void beyond.
What is the alternative name for Jambudvipa, the innermost concentric island in the Puranic scheme?
Answer: Sudarśanadvīpa
In the Viṣṇupurāṇa, how large are the fruits of the jambu tree depicted as being?
Answer: As large as Asian elephants
What is the name of the river formed from the juice of the jambu fruits on Jambudvipa?
Answer: Jambunadi
How does the Markandeya Purana characterize the shape of Jambudvipa?
Answer: Depressed on its southern and northern sides, elevated and broad in its central region
What lies at the very center of the elevated region named Ila-vrta or Meruvarsha in Jambudvipa?
Answer: The golden Mount Meru
What significant city is located on the summit of Mount Meru in Puranic cosmology?
Answer: Brahmapuri
How do the Markandeya Purana and Brahmanda Purana describe the layout of Jambudvipa in relation to Mount Meru?
Answer: As four vast regions resembling the four petals of a lotus, with Mount Meru at the center
Which Purana is noted for providing the most detailed geographical description of Jambudvipa?
Answer: Vāyu Purāṇa
Which of the following substances is NOT listed as composing one of the seven intermediate oceans in Puranic cosmography?
Answer: Honey
How many varsha (zones) and parvata (mountains) are said to comprise the insular continent of Jambudvipa in Puranic descriptions?
Answer: Nine varshas and eight parvatas
The Akasha Ganga, which encloses Brahmapuri, is said to originate from the foot of which deity?
Answer: Vishnu
Which of the following oceans is NOT one of the seven intermediate oceans in Puranic cosmography?
Answer: Oil
What is the name of the elevated region in the middle of Jambudvipa, where Mount Meru is located?
Answer: Ila-vrta or Meruvarsha
The city of Brahmapuri on Mount Meru is surrounded by eight other cities belonging to Indra and how many other Devatas (deities)?
Answer: Seven
The Akasha Ganga, after encircling Brahmapuri, splits into how many mighty streams that flow from Mount Meru?
Answer: Four
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala into two distinct levels: Kāmādhātu and Rūpadhātu.
Answer: False
Explanation: Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala into three distinct levels: Kāmādhātu, Rūpadhātu, and Ārūpyadhātu.
In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Meru (Sumeru) is surrounded by six island-continents.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Meru (Sumeru) is described as being surrounded by four island-continents.
Jambudvīpa is the northernmost of the four island-continents surrounding Sumeru in Buddhist cosmology.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jambudvīpa is the southernmost of the four island-continents surrounding Sumeru in Buddhist cosmology.
In Buddhist accounts, Jambudvīpa gets its name from a gigantic Jambu tree located at its center.
Answer: True
Explanation: Buddhist accounts state that Jambudvīpa is named after a colossal Jambu tree situated at its center.
Mahādīpas are small islands within the Cakravāla that are ruled by a cakravartin.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mahādīpas are described as great continents within the Cakravāla (cosmos) that are ruled by a cakravartin.
Jambudvīpa, according to Buddhist texts, contains a region called Himavā with eighty-four thousand peaks.
Answer: True
Explanation: Buddhist texts indicate that Jambudvīpa includes Himavā, a region known for its eighty-four thousand peaks, numerous lakes, and extensive mountain ranges.
The Jambu-tree (Naga) in Buddhist descriptions has a trunk ten yojanas in girth.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jambu-tree (Naga) in Buddhist descriptions is stated to have a trunk fifteen yojanas in girth.
Jambudvīpa is also known as Jambusanda in some Buddhist texts due to its extensive river systems.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jambudvīpa is known as Jambusanda in some Buddhist texts specifically because of the prominent Jambu-tree that grows there, not its river systems.
The Jambudvīpa continent has a total extent of ten thousand yojanas, with three thousand inhabited by humans.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Jambudvīpa continent indeed has a total extent of ten thousand yojanas, with three thousand of these yojanas inhabited by humans.
Jambudvīpa holds unique spiritual significance in Buddhism as the only place where beings can achieve enlightenment as humans.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Buddhism, Jambudvīpa is uniquely significant as the only realm where a being can achieve enlightenment by being born as a human.
The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra is a Hinayana Buddhist text that references Jambudvipa.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra is a Mahayana Buddhist text that references Jambudvipa.
What are the three distinct levels into which Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala?
Answer: Kāmādhātu, Rūpadhātu, Ārūpyadhātu
In Buddhist cosmology, which of the four island-continents surrounding Sumeru is Jambudvīpa?
Answer: The southernmost
What is the shape of Jambudvīpa in Buddhist cosmology, resembling the Indian subcontinent?
Answer: Triangular with a blunted point facing south
According to Buddhist accounts, what is the origin of Jambudvīpa's name?
Answer: A gigantic Jambu tree at its center
What are Mahādīpas in Buddhist cosmology?
Answer: Great continents within the Cakravāla ruled by a cakravartin
What prominent geographical feature in Jambudvīpa is characterized by eighty-four thousand peaks according to Buddhist texts?
Answer: Himavā
What are the dimensions of the Jambu-tree (Naga) in Buddhist descriptions regarding its trunk girth?
Answer: Fifteen yojanas
Why is Jambudvīpa also known as Jambusanda in some Buddhist texts?
Answer: Because of its prominent Jambu-tree
What is the total extent of the Jambudvīpa continent in yojanas, and how much of it is inhabited by humans?
Answer: Ten thousand yojanas total, with three thousand inhabited by humans.
What unique spiritual significance does Jambudvīpa hold in Buddhism?
Answer: It is the only place where a being can achieve enlightenment by being born as a human.
In Buddhist cosmology, Mount Meru (Sumeru) is situated in which of the three bhūmaṇḍala levels?
Answer: Kāmādhātu (Desire realm)
The Jambu-tree, also referred to as Naga in Buddhist descriptions, has outspreading branches of what length?
Answer: Fifty yojanas
What percentage of the Jambudvīpa continent's total extent (ten thousand yojanas) is covered by the ocean?
Answer: 40%
Which Mahayana Buddhist text, besides the Mahāvaṃsa, also references Jambudvipa?
Answer: Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra
In Jain cosmology, Jambūdvīpa is situated at the very center of Madhyaloka, the middle part of the universe.
Answer: True
Explanation: Jain cosmology places Jambūdvīpa at the precise center of Madhyaloka, which is considered the middle realm of the universe.
The Jambūdvīpaprajñapti treatise describes Jambūdvīpa and the life biographies of Tirthankara Mahavira.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jambūdvīpaprajñapti treatise describes Jambūdvīpa and includes the life biographies of Ṛṣabha and King Bharata, not Tirthankara Mahavira.
In Jain cosmology, Madhyaloka is composed of a single large continent surrounded by a single ocean.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Jain cosmology, Madhyaloka is composed of numerous continent-islands, each surrounded by its own ocean.
The first eight continent-islands in Jain cosmology include Jambūdvīpa with Lavanoda (Salt ocean) and Dhatki Khand with Kaloda (Black sea).
Answer: True
Explanation: Jain cosmology lists Jambūdvīpa with Lavanoda (Salt ocean) and Dhatki Khand with Kaloda (Black sea) among its first eight continent-islands and their corresponding oceans.
Mount Meru in Jain cosmology is located at the edge of Jambūdvīpa, which has a diameter of 50,000 yojanas.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Jain cosmology, Mount Meru is located at the center of the world, encircled by Jambūdvīpa, which has a diameter of 100,000 yojanas.
The Jambūdvīpa continent in Jainism features nine zones (Kshetra) created by six dividing mountains.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Jambūdvīpa continent in Jainism is indeed characterized by nine Kshetra (zones), which are formed by six dividing mountains.
Bharat Kshetra, Mahavideha Kshetra, and Airavat Kshetra are among the nine zones of Jambūdvīpa in Jain cosmology.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bharat Kshetra, Mahavideha Kshetra, and Airavat Kshetra are explicitly listed as three of the nine zones (Kshetra) of Jambūdvīpa in Jain cosmology.
Where is Jambūdvīpa located in Jain cosmology?
Answer: At the very center of Madhyaloka
Which of the following is NOT a Jain text that details Jambūdvīpa and Jain cosmology?
Answer: Mahāvaṃsa
How is Madhyaloka structured in Jain cosmology?
Answer: As numerous continent-islands, each surrounded by its own ocean
What is the diameter of Jambūdvīpa in Jain cosmology, which encircles Mount Meru?
Answer: 100,000 yojanas
How many zones (Kshetra) does the Jambūdvīpa continent have in Jainism, and by how many dividing mountains are they created?
Answer: Nine zones, created by six mountains
The Jambūdvīpaprajñapti treatise provides a description of Jambūdvīpa along with life biographies of which two figures?
Answer: Ṛṣabha and King Bharata
In Jain cosmology, what is the name of the ocean that surrounds Jambūdvīpa?
Answer: Lavanoda (Salt ocean)
Which of the following is one of the nine zones (Kshetra) of Jambūdvīpa according to Jain cosmology?
Answer: Bharat Kshetra
Mahinda, son of Emperor Ashoka, introduced himself as originating from Jambudvipa, referring to ancient Sri Lanka.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mahinda, son of Emperor Ashoka, identified his origin as Jambudvipa, referring to the Indian subcontinent, not ancient Sri Lanka.
The Jambudweep Jain tirtha in Hastinapur is a historical ruin depicting ancient Jain cosmology.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jambudweep Jain tirtha in Hastinapur is an architectural depiction of Jain cosmology, constructed under the supervision of Gyanmati Mataji, not a historical ruin.
The Kuntala country was successively ruled by the Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings, and then the Chalukyas, according to the Annual Report Of Mysore.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903 states that the Kuntala country was ruled by the Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings, *then the Rattas*, followed by the Chalukyas. The question omits the Rattas in the sequence.
A record at Kubatur states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda, identified as Nagara-khanda Seventy, in the north of Bharata-kshetra.
Answer: False
Explanation: A record at Kubatur states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the *south* of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudvipa, not the north.
Which of the following is an architectural depiction of Jambudvipa, illustrating Jain cosmological concepts, located in Hastinapur?
Answer: Jambudweep Jain tirtha
According to the Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903, which dynasty ruled the Kuntala country *after* the Mauryya kings and *before* the Chalukyas?
Answer: Rattas
A record at Kubatur states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda, located in which part of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudvipa?
Answer: The southern part
What familial connection is mentioned between the Kadamba kings and the Guptas in historical records?
Answer: Daughters of Kadamba kings were given in marriage to members of the Gupta dynasty.
In the Buddhist text the Mahāvaṃsa, Emperor Ashoka's son Mahinda introduced himself as originating from Jambudvipa, referring to what region?
Answer: The Indian subcontinent