Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson was born in Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland, in 1811, not London.

Explanation: Simpson pursued his higher education at the University of Edinburgh, where he also completed his medical studies, rather than beginning at Glasgow.

Explanation: Following his graduation, Simpson's thesis on inflammation was of such high quality that it led to his appointment as an assistant to Professor John Thomson.

Explanation: James Simpson was appointed Professor of Medicine and Midwifery at the University of Edinburgh at the age of 28, not 21.

Explanation: Simpson's professorial role at the University of Edinburgh was as Professor of Medicine and Midwifery, not Surgery.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson was born in the Scottish town of Bathgate, West Lothian.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson pursued his higher education, including his medical studies, at the University of Edinburgh.

Explanation: James Simpson attained the position of Professor at the University of Edinburgh at the age of 28.

Explanation: While ether was an early anesthetic, Sir James Young Simpson's principal recognition stems from his pioneering work with and popularization of chloroform.

Explanation: Dr. Robert Mortimer Glover was the first to document chloroform's anesthetic effects in animals, yet he expressed reservations about its application in human subjects.

Explanation: The initial experiments with chloroform by Simpson and his colleagues were conducted in Simpson's dining room, not in a formal laboratory setting.

Explanation: While Simpson affectionately nicknamed the first baby delivered under chloroform 'Anaesthesia,' the child's official baptismal name was Wilhelmina.

Explanation: Simpson's vigorous advocacy and provision of chloroform to influential figures like Queen Victoria were instrumental in its widespread acceptance within obstetrics and military medicine.

Explanation: Queen Victoria's decision to utilize anesthesia during childbirth, influenced by Simpson's advocacy, significantly bolstered the acceptance and popularity of anesthetic practices.

Explanation: Pharmacist David Waldie provided Simpson with chloroform, which prompted Simpson to investigate its anesthetic potential further.

Explanation: Simpson's introduction and popularization of chloroform had a transformative impact on medical practices, influencing them for approximately a century, not just fifty years.

Explanation: Simpson's initial experiment with chloroform involved inhaling it alongside his colleagues, Dr. George Skene Keith and James Matthews Duncan, in his dining room.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson is principally recognized for his pivotal role in demonstrating and popularizing the use of chloroform as an effective anesthetic agent, particularly in obstetrics.

Explanation: Dr. Robert Mortimer Glover was the first to describe chloroform's anesthetic properties in animals, though he expressed hesitation regarding its human application.

Explanation: The initial experiments with chloroform by Simpson and his colleagues took place in Simpson's dining room.

Explanation: The first baby delivered under chloroform was officially baptized Wilhelmina; Simpson affectionately gave the child the nickname 'Anaesthesia'.

Explanation: The introduction and popularization of chloroform by Simpson profoundly altered medical practices, influencing them for approximately a century.

Explanation: Queen Victoria's utilization of anesthesia during childbirth, influenced by Simpson's advocacy, substantially enhanced the acceptance and popularity of anesthetic practices in the medical field.

Explanation: The 'See also' section mentions Charles Thomas Jackson, Crawford Williamson Long, and William Thomas Green Morton in connection with the pioneering use of diethyl ether as an anesthetic.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson made notable improvements to the design of obstetric forceps, which continue to be recognized and referred to as 'Simpson's Forceps' in the field.

Explanation: While Simpson designed the 'Air Tractor,' an early vacuum extractor, in 1838, it did not achieve immediate popularity and its methodology was not widely adopted until much later.

Explanation: The 'Air Tractor' designed by Simpson was an early vacuum extractor intended to assist childbirth, not a surgical drill.

Explanation: 'Simpson's Forceps' specifically refers to an improved design of obstetric forceps developed by Sir James Young Simpson, not a general surgical clamp.

Explanation: Simpson significantly improved the design of obstetric forceps, leading to instruments that are still recognized by the name 'Simpson's Forceps'.

Explanation: The 'Air Tractor,' designed by Simpson in 1838, was an early iteration of a vacuum extractor intended to aid in childbirth.

Explanation: 'Simpson's Forceps' refers to the obstetric forceps whose design was notably improved by Sir James Young Simpson.

Explanation: Beyond his primary contributions to obstetrics and anesthesia, Simpson possessed broad intellectual interests, including archaeology and the study of hermaphroditism.

Explanation: Simpson's antiquarian research encompassed a wider scope than just ancient medical texts, including significant work in archaeology and the study of prehistoric rock art.

Explanation: Simpson's book on archaic sculpturings was titled *Archaic Sculpturings of Cups, Circles, &c. Upon Stones and Rocks in Scotland, England, & Other Countries* and included examples from various regions, not solely Scotland.

Explanation: It is suggested that Sir James Young Simpson's profound interest in antiquarian research may have inspired his great-grand-niece, Margaret E. B. Simpson, who later became Scotland's first professional archaeologist.

Explanation: Simpson's publication on archaic sculpturings is recognized as a significant early work that advanced the study of prehistoric rock art.

Explanation: In addition to his medical work in obstetrics and anesthesia, Sir James Young Simpson cultivated a significant intellectual interest in archaeology.

Explanation: Simpson's book detailed archaic sculpturings, such as cups and circles found on stones and rocks, contributing significantly to the study of prehistoric rock art.

Explanation: Simpson's publications on leprosy and syphilis primarily addressed their symptoms, historical context, and the institutions established for patient care, rather than developing cures or focusing on genetic transmission.

Explanation: Simpson maintained residences such as Strathavon Lodge and a townhouse in Edinburgh; he did not primarily reside on a large estate in the Scottish Highlands.

Explanation: The Simpson and Grindlay families were not rivals but were closely interconnected, functioning as an extended family unit through marriage and shared lineage.

Explanation: Walter Grindlay, who was both Simpson's father-in-law and cousin, offered substantial financial assistance to Simpson throughout his medical career.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson was indeed the father of Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson, who succeeded him as the 2nd Baronet.

Explanation: Dr. Alexander Russell Simpson, Sir James Young Simpson's nephew, continued the family's academic legacy by succeeding his uncle as Professor of Midwifery at the University of Edinburgh.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson maintained a close friendship with the eminent scientist Sir David Brewster, even being present at his deathbed.

Explanation: Walter Grindlay was both Sir James Young Simpson's father-in-law and cousin, playing a role in his life and career.

Explanation: Dr. Alexander Russell Simpson, Sir James Young Simpson's nephew, inherited his uncle's townhouse and subsequently succeeded him as the Professor of Midwifery at the University of Edinburgh.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson was formally created a Baronet on February 3, 1866, with the specific designation 'of Strathavon in the County of Linlithgow, and of the City of Edinburgh'.

Explanation: Despite an offer to be interred in Westminster Abbey, Sir James Young Simpson was ultimately buried in Warriston Cemetery in Edinburgh.

Explanation: The profound impact of Simpson's life was recognized with a declared Scottish holiday on the day of his funeral, accompanied by a large public procession.

Explanation: In 1879, the Edinburgh Royal Maternity Hospital was renamed the Edinburgh Royal Maternity and Simpson Memorial Hospital in honor of Sir James Young Simpson's significant contributions.

Explanation: The motto 'Victo Dolore' on Simpson's coat of arms translates to 'pain conquered' or 'victory over pain,' reflecting his achievements in alleviating suffering.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson is not featured in *The Knick*; he is a protagonist in the contemporary historical novel series *Raven, Fisher, and Simpson*.

Explanation: A statue commemorating Sir James Young Simpson is indeed situated in West Princes Street Gardens in Edinburgh.

Explanation: Signage within St. Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh serves to honor and commemorate the significant medical and academic contributions of Sir James Young Simpson.

Explanation: The Simpson Memorial Maternity Hospital was established in 1879 as a tribute to Sir James Young Simpson's profound impact on the field of obstetrics.

Explanation: Simpson's funeral procession was a major public event, with the route lined by over 100,000 citizens, far exceeding the number of 1,000.

Explanation: The motto 'Victo Dolore' translates to 'pain conquered' or 'victory over pain,' reflecting his contributions to alleviating suffering, rather than accepting its inevitability.

Explanation: Simpson House, a charitable organization, is situated in Sir James Young Simpson's former townhouse located at 52 Queen Street in Edinburgh.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson was created a Baronet on February 3, 1866.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson was buried in Warriston Cemetery in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Explanation: Following his death, Simpson received significant public recognition, including a declared Scottish holiday on his funeral day and a memorial bust placed in Westminster Abbey.

Explanation: In 1879, the Edinburgh Royal Maternity Hospital was renamed the Edinburgh Royal Maternity and Simpson Memorial Hospital in honor of Sir James Young Simpson.

Explanation: The motto 'Victo Dolore' inscribed on Simpson's coat of arms translates to 'Pain Conquered' or 'Victory over Pain'.

Explanation: Sir James Young Simpson is a featured character in the contemporary historical novel series *Raven, Fisher, and Simpson*.

Explanation: The image depicts a bust of Sir James Young Simpson, which is preserved at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

Explanation: On the day of Sir James Young Simpson's funeral, a Scottish holiday was declared, and a substantial procession marked the occasion, reflecting his societal impact.

Explanation: Simpson's refusal to sign the Westminster Confession of Faith stemmed from his disagreement with its literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis, not from issues related to medical ethics.

Explanation: Simpson's objection to the literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis was the stated reason for his refusal to sign the Westminster Confession of Faith.

Explanation: Simpson's refusal to sign the Westminster Confession of Faith was due to his disagreement with its literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis.