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Janet's primary function is to manage the UK's national education and research network, serving exclusively higher education institutions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Janet serves all further and higher education organizations, UK Research Councils, and schools, not exclusively higher education institutions.
Jisc, the organization responsible for the Janet network, is a not-for-profit entity established to provide computing support for education.
Answer: True
Explanation: Jisc is indeed a not-for-profit company that provides the Janet network and computing support for education.
The Janet network serves approximately 18 million users and is recognized as the busiest National Research and Education Network (NREN) in Europe by data volume.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Janet network serves 18 million users and is the busiest NREN in Europe by data volume.
All further and higher education organizations in the UK, alongside all UK Research Councils, are connected to the Janet network.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Janet network connects all further and higher education organizations, all UK Research Councils, and also carries traffic between schools.
The majority of sites connected to the Janet network are linked via 20 metropolitan area networks, which Janet designates as regions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Most sites are connected via 20 metropolitan area networks, which Janet designates as regions.
Janet connects to other international research and education networks primarily through direct bilateral agreements with individual National Research and Education Networks (NRENs).
Answer: False
Explanation: Janet connects to other international NRENs via GÉANT and by peering with ISPs at UK Internet Exchange Points, not primarily through direct bilateral agreements.
Janet is responsible for managing the .edu.uk and .gov.uk top-level domains within the United Kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: Janet is responsible for managing the .ac.uk and .gov.uk domains, not .edu.uk.
All 18 regions comprising the Janet network are operated directly by Janet itself.
Answer: False
Explanation: While most regions are operated directly by Janet, some operate as independent entities under specific contracts.
What constitutes the primary function of Janet?
Answer: To manage the operation and development of the UK's national education and research network.
Explanation: Janet's primary function is to manage the operation and development of the UK's national education and research network.
Which organization bears the responsibility for providing the Janet network?
Answer: Jisc Services Limited
Explanation: Jisc Services Limited, a part of Jisc, is the organization responsible for operating the Janet network.
What is the approximate user base of the Janet network, and what is its standing among National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) in Europe?
Answer: 18 million users, busiest NREN.
Explanation: The Janet network serves 18 million users and is recognized as the busiest National Research and Education Network (NREN) in Europe by data volume.
Which categories of organizations are connected to the Janet network within the United Kingdom?
Answer: All further and higher education organizations, UK Research Councils, and schools.
Explanation: The Janet network connects all further and higher education organizations, UK Research Councils, and also carries traffic between schools across the UK.
Through what mechanisms does Janet establish connectivity with other international research and education networks?
Answer: Via GÉANT and by extensively peering with ISPs at UK Internet Exchange Points.
Explanation: Janet connects to other international research and education networks through GÉANT and by extensively peering with Internet Service Providers (ISPs) at UK Internet Exchange Points.
Which top-level domains fall under Janet's management responsibilities?
Answer: .ac.uk and .gov.uk
Explanation: Janet is responsible for managing the .ac.uk and .gov.uk top-level domains.
What is the total number of regions that constitute the Janet network?
Answer: 18
Explanation: The Janet network is comprised of 18 regions.
Prior to its current organizational structure, Janet operated as a public sector department directly managed by the UK government.
Answer: False
Explanation: Before its current structure, Janet operated as a private organization funded by the UK government, not a public sector department.
The name 'Janet' was originally an acronym for 'Joint Advanced NETwork', but is now commonly referred to simply as Janet.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Janet' was originally an acronym for 'Joint Academic NETwork', not 'Joint Advanced NETwork'.
In March 2015, Jisc Collections and Janet Limited was formally renamed to Jisc Services Limited, continuing operations under the established Janet brand.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of March 2015, Jisc Collections and Janet Limited was indeed renamed to Jisc Services Limited, maintaining the Janet brand.
Before its current designation, Janet was known as UKERNA, an acronym for the United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prior to its current name, Janet was known as UKERNA, which is an acronym for the United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association, and also as the JNT Association.
What was the organizational status of Janet preceding its current structural configuration?
Answer: A private organization funded by the UK government.
Explanation: Prior to its current structure, Janet operated as a private organization funded by the UK government.
What were the antecedent names of the organization presently identified as Janet?
Answer: JNT Association and UKERNA
Explanation: The organization now known as Janet was previously called the JNT Association and UKERNA.
Early academic networks in the UK were highly compatible due to early standardization efforts across various manufacturers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Early academic networks were based on single manufacturer standards, making them mutually incompatible, not highly compatible.
The Coloured Book protocols provided the first complete TCP/IP standard, thereby granting the UK a significant lead in networking technology.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Coloured Book protocols provided the first complete X.25 standard, not TCP/IP.
JANET officially commenced operations on April 1, 1984, two years after the NSFNET began operations in the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: JANET went live on April 1, 1984, which was two years *before* the NSFNET initiated its operations in the United States.
Upon its official launch, JANET hosted approximately 50 sites with initial line speeds of 9.6 kilobits per second (kbit/s).
Answer: True
Explanation: Upon its launch, JANET indeed hosted approximately 50 sites with initial line speeds of 9.6 kbit/s.
The JANET Internet Protocol Service (JIPS) was launched as a pilot project in March 1991, and its IP traffic surpassed X.25 traffic within eight months.
Answer: True
Explanation: The JANET Internet Protocol Service (JIPS) was launched as a pilot in March 1991, and IP traffic did surpass X.25 traffic within eight months.
In the early 1990s, JANET's backbone speed was upgraded to 8 Mbit/s, making it the fastest IP network globally at that time.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the early 1990s, JANET's backbone was upgraded to 8 Mbit/s, making it the fastest X.25 network in the world, not IP network.
The X.25 service on Janet was eventually closed in August 1997, following a successful transition to Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols.
Answer: False
Explanation: The X.25 service on Janet was closed in August 1997, but the transition to OSI protocols never occurred due to changes in the networking landscape.
In what year did the planning commence for the inaugural regional academic network in Britain, specifically the South West Universities Computer Network (SWUCN)?
Answer: 1967
Explanation: Planning for the South West Universities Computer Network (SWUCN) began in 1967.
What constituted a notable challenge encountered by early academic networks in the UK during the mid-to-late 1970s?
Answer: Incompatibility due to reliance on single manufacturer's standards.
Explanation: A significant challenge for early academic networks in the UK was incompatibility, stemming from their reliance on single manufacturer's standards.
Upon what technology were the Coloured Book protocols predicated, and what notable distinction did they confer upon the United Kingdom?
Answer: X.25, providing the first complete X.25 standard.
Explanation: The Coloured Book protocols were based on X.25 technology and provided the first complete X.25 standard, giving the UK a lead in networking.
On what date did JANET officially commence its operational phase?
Answer: April 1, 1984
Explanation: JANET officially commenced operations on April 1, 1984.
What were the initial line speeds characterizing the JANET network at the time of its launch?
Answer: 9.6 kilobits per second (kbit/s)
Explanation: Upon its launch, the JANET network had initial line speeds of 9.6 kilobits per second (kbit/s).
In what year did JANET establish its connection with the NSFNET?
Answer: 1989
Explanation: JANET established a connection with the NSFNET in 1989.
What was the ultimate disposition of the X.25 service on Janet?
Answer: It was closed in August 1997 due to changes in the networking world and no transition to OSI.
Explanation: The X.25 service on Janet was closed in August 1997, as a transition to OSI protocols did not occur due to shifts in the networking environment.
The SuperJanet project, proposed in 1989, aimed to re-host JANET onto a fibre optic network, with implementation commencing in late 1992.
Answer: True
Explanation: The SuperJanet project was proposed in 1989 to re-host JANET onto a fibre optic network, with implementation beginning in late 1992.
By late 1993, the initial 14 sites had migrated to SuperJanet, which utilized a 34 Mbit/s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) system and exclusively relied on Internet Protocol (IP).
Answer: True
Explanation: By late 1993, 14 sites had migrated to SuperJanet, which used a 34 Mbit/s ATM system and exclusively relied on IP.
SuperJanet2, launched in 1995, incorporated 155 Mbit/s ATM backbones and a 10 Mbit/s Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) network.
Answer: True
Explanation: SuperJanet2, launched in 1995, introduced 155 Mbit/s ATM backbones and a 10 Mbit/s SMDS network.
SuperJanet4, launched in March 2001, implemented a 10 Gbit/s core backbone from its initial deployment.
Answer: False
Explanation: SuperJanet4 launched in March 2001 with a 2.5 Gbit/s core backbone, which was later upgraded to 10 Gbit/s in 2002.
SuperJanet5, launched in October 2006, was designed to accommodate solely the traditional JANET user base of research institutes, universities, and further education institutions.
Answer: False
Explanation: SuperJanet5 was designed to accommodate both the traditional user base and a new user base in UK primary and secondary schools.
What constituted the primary objective of the SuperJanet project, initially proposed in 1989?
Answer: To re-host JANET onto a fibre optic network to address speed concerns.
Explanation: The primary objective of the SuperJanet project, proposed in 1989, was to re-host JANET onto a fibre optic network to mitigate speed limitations.
What significant advancements were introduced with SuperJanet2 in 1995?
Answer: 155 Mbit/s ATM backbones and a 10 Mbit/s Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) network.
Explanation: SuperJanet2, launched in 1995, introduced 155 Mbit/s ATM backbones and a 10 Mbit/s SMDS network.
In what month and year was SuperJanet4 launched, and what was its initial core backbone speed upon deployment?
Answer: March 2001, 2.5 Gbit/s
Explanation: SuperJanet4 was launched in March 2001 with an initial core backbone speed of 2.5 Gbit/s.
Which urban centers functioned as core backbone sites for SuperJanet4?
Answer: Edinburgh, Glasgow, Warrington, and London
Explanation: Edinburgh, Glasgow, Warrington, and London were among the core backbone sites for SuperJanet4.
What was the total investment allocated for the SuperJanet5 project, which was launched in October 2006?
Answer: £29 million
Explanation: The SuperJanet5 project, launched in October 2006, involved an investment of £29 million.
Which new user demographics was SuperJanet5 engineered to accommodate, beyond the established JANET user base?
Answer: UK's primary and secondary schools.
Explanation: SuperJanet5 was designed to accommodate the UK's primary and secondary schools, in addition to the traditional JANET user base.
Janet achieved national research and education network performance parity with Internet2 in April 2011 by upgrading four central locations to 100 Gbit/s.
Answer: True
Explanation: In April 2011, Janet upgraded four central locations to 100 Gbit/s, achieving performance parity with Internet2.
Janet6 was officially launched on November 26, 2013, at the London Film Museum, possessing an initial capacity of 2 Tbit/s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Janet6 was officially launched on November 26, 2013, at the London Film Museum, with an initial capacity of 2 Tbit/s.
In what month and year did Janet upgrade four central locations to operate at 100 Gbit/s, thereby achieving performance parity with Internet2?
Answer: April 2011
Explanation: Janet upgraded four central locations to 100 Gbit/s in April 2011, achieving performance parity with Internet2.
What was the initial operational capacity of Janet6 upon its official launch in November 2013?
Answer: 2 Tbit/s
Explanation: Upon its official launch in November 2013, Janet6 had an initial capacity of 2 Tbit/s.