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Jessie Penn-Lewis, born Jessie Jones, was a distinguished Welsh figure recognized for her prolific writing and impactful speaking within Christian evangelical circles.
Answer: True
Explanation: The biographical information identifies Jessie Penn-Lewis as a distinguished Welsh writer and speaker, primarily focused on Christian evangelical themes.
Jessie Penn-Lewis was born in London, England, to a family engaged in the shipping industry.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates Jessie Penn-Lewis was born in Neath, South Wales, not London, England.
Jessie Penn-Lewis married William Penn-Lewis in 1880, who was reportedly descended from the founder of Pennsylvania.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source clarifies that William Penn-Lewis was descended from William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, not New York.
Jessie Penn-Lewis's childhood was marked by a delicate constitution and an active intellect, leading to a delayed commencement of formal schooling.
Answer: True
Explanation: Contrary to the assertion of delayed schooling until age sixteen, records indicate Jessie Penn-Lewis began formal schooling at age twelve, following a period of childhood illness coupled with intellectual curiosity.
Identify Jessie Penn-Lewis and delineate her principal roles and contributions.
Answer: A distinguished Welsh evangelical speaker and author renowned for her Christian works.
Explanation: Jessie Penn-Lewis, originally Jessie Jones, was a notable Welsh evangelical speaker and author, renowned for her extensive contributions to Christian literature and her widespread domestic and international speaking engagements.
State the birth and death dates of Jessie Penn-Lewis.
Answer: Born February 28, 1861; Died August 15, 1927
Explanation: Jessie Penn-Lewis was born on February 28, 1861, and passed away on August 15, 1927.
Specify the birthplace of Jessie Penn-Lewis and describe her family background.
Answer: Neath, South Wales; father was a civil engineer.
Explanation: Jessie Penn-Lewis, born Jessie Jones, hailed from Neath, South Wales. Her father was a civil engineer, her mother was active in the temperance movement, and the family lineage was connected to the Calvinistic Methodist tradition.
Describe the characteristics of Jessie Penn-Lewis's early life and educational experiences.
Answer: She was sickly with an active brain, leading to delayed schooling until age twelve.
Explanation: During her childhood, Jessie was characterized as being sickly yet possessing an 'overactive brain,' resulting in her delayed entry into formal schooling until the age of twelve. From an early age, she demonstrated leadership within the temperance movement's Junior Lodge.
Jessie Penn-Lewis married William Penn-Lewis on September 15, 1880. What is noted about his family background?
Answer: He was a descendant of the founder of Pennsylvania.
Explanation: Jessie Penn-Lewis wed William Penn-Lewis on September 15, 1880, at the age of nineteen. Her husband, an auditor's clerk, was reportedly a descendant of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania.
The spiritual trajectory of Jessie Penn-Lewis was profoundly shaped by the theological perspectives of Andrew Murray and Jeanne Guyon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided text explicitly states that Andrew Murray and Jeanne Guyon were significant influences on Jessie Penn-Lewis's spiritual development.
In 1892, Jessie Penn-Lewis underwent a pivotal spiritual realization, reorienting her theological emphasis from the Baptism with the Holy Spirit to the profound significance of fellowship with the Ascended Lord and His Cross.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source details a significant spiritual epiphany in 1892 for Jessie Penn-Lewis, which redirected her focus towards union with the Ascended Lord and His Cross.
Which spiritual influences significantly shaped Jessie Penn-Lewis's early ministry after feeling dissatisfied with her YWCA work?
Answer: Andrew Murray and Jeanne Guyon
Explanation: Experiencing spiritual dissatisfaction despite her YWCA endeavors, Penn-Lewis engaged in the study of religious texts. Key influences included Andrew Murray's 'Spirit of Christ' and Jeanne Guyon's 'Spiritual Torrents'.
What pivotal spiritual realization did Jessie Penn-Lewis experience in 1892?
Answer: The pursuit of union with the Ascended Lord and fellowship with His Cross.
Explanation: In 1892, through her study of Romans 6, Penn-Lewis experienced a profound epiphany. This led to a reorientation of her theological focus, moving from the Baptism with the Holy Spirit as the ultimate objective to emphasizing the pursuit of fellowship with the Cross of Calvary and union with the Ascended Lord.
Jessie Penn-Lewis's public speaking success led to a significant increase in YWCA attendance, growing from approximately 6,900 in 1892 to nearly 13,000 by 1896.
Answer: True
Explanation: Contrary to the implication of a decrease, Jessie Penn-Lewis's public speaking significantly enhanced YWCA attendance, which grew from approximately 6,900 attendees in 1892 to nearly 13,000 by 1896.
Jessie Penn-Lewis commenced her international speaking tours in 1896, beginning with a visit to Sweden.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that Jessie Penn-Lewis's international speaking tours initiated in 1896 with her first destination being Sweden, not France.
R. A. Torrey held Jessie Penn-Lewis in high regard, considering her among the most gifted speakers worldwide.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided text quotes R. A. Torrey's assessment of Jessie Penn-Lewis as one of the most gifted speakers globally.
During her tour in India, Jessie Penn-Lewis published a booklet, also known as 'The Word of the Cross,' intended to encourage local Christian workers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that during her Indian tour, Penn-Lewis published 'The Bible Booklet,' which is also identified as 'The Word of the Cross,' to support local Christian workers.
How did Jessie Penn-Lewis's public speaking affect YWCA attendance between 1892 and 1896?
Answer: Attendance grew from approximately 6,900 to nearly 13,000.
Explanation: During this period, her efficacy as a public speaker resulted in a substantial rise in attendance at YWCA classes, escalating from approximately 6,900 in 1892 to nearly 13,000 by 1896. Furthermore, she contributed to the establishment of new YWCA branches.
Jessie Penn-Lewis began her international speaking tours in 1896. Which country did she visit first?
Answer: Sweden
Explanation: Penn-Lewis commenced her international speaking ministry in 1896, with her inaugural visit being to Sweden.
Which American evangelical leader invited Jessie Penn-Lewis to speak at the Gospel Tabernacle in New York?
Answer: Albert Benjamin Simpson
Explanation: R. A. Torrey extended an invitation for her to speak at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, while Albert Benjamin Simpson invited her to the Gospel Tabernacle in New York. Additionally, she addressed audiences at the Missionary Institute in Nyack, New York.
R. A. Torrey held a high opinion of Jessie Penn-Lewis's speaking abilities. What did he consider her to be?
Answer: One of the most gifted speakers the world had ever known.
Explanation: The provided text quotes R. A. Torrey's assessment of Jessie Penn-Lewis as one of the most exceptionally gifted speakers globally.
Jessie Penn-Lewis commenced her literary career with the publication of 'The Pathway to Life in God' in 1895.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided information confirms that Jessie Penn-Lewis's literary endeavors began with the 1895 publication of 'The Pathway to Life in God'.
The booklet 'The Word of the Cross' achieved significant global reach, being translated into approximately 100 languages and dialects.
Answer: True
Explanation: The booklet 'The Word of the Cross,' also known as 'The Bible Booklet,' was translated into approximately 100 languages and dialects, demonstrating its widespread dissemination.
Penn-Lewis documented the Welsh Revival through her book 'The Awakening in Wales' and weekly reports published in 'The Life of Faith'.
Answer: True
Explanation: While Penn-Lewis authored 'The Awakening in Wales,' her regular reporting on the Welsh Revival appeared in the periodical 'The Life of Faith,' not 'The Christian Herald'.
The periodical 'The Overcomer,' co-founded by Penn-Lewis and Evan Roberts, ceased publication in 1914 due to factors including workload, declining health, and the onset of World War I.
Answer: True
Explanation: The cessation of 'The Overcomer' in 1914 was attributed to workload challenges, Penn-Lewis's declining health, and the impact of World War I, not financial success.
'The Overcomer' magazine was revived as a quarterly publication in 1920, but Evan Roberts was not involved in its new objectives.
Answer: True
Explanation: While 'The Overcomer' was revived in 1920 as a quarterly, Evan Roberts did not participate in its renewed objectives or publication.
Penn-Lewis's study titled 'The Warfare with Satan' was featured in a 1917 edition of 'The Fundamentals,' a significant publication in Christian thought.
Answer: True
Explanation: The text confirms that Jessie Penn-Lewis's work 'The Warfare with Satan' was included in the 1917 publication of 'The Fundamentals'.
In her 1919 work, 'The Magna Carta of Christian Women,' Penn-Lewis advocated for women's right to preach, drawing inspiration from figures such as Catherine Booth and Katharine Bushnell.
Answer: True
Explanation: The book 'The Magna Carta of Christian Women' (1919) articulates Penn-Lewis's argument for women's preaching rights, referencing Catherine Booth and Katharine Bushnell.
What publication marked the beginning of Jessie Penn-Lewis's literary career?
Answer: The Pathway to Life in God
Explanation: Her literary career commenced in 1895 when her address at the annual Mildmay Conference was published as a booklet entitled 'The Pathway to Life in God.' This work was subsequently translated into multiple languages and reportedly achieved wide distribution.
What was the approximate number of languages and dialects into which the booklet 'The Word of the Cross' was translated?
Answer: Around 100
Explanation: The booklet 'The Word of the Cross,' also known as 'The Bible Booklet,' was translated into approximately 100 languages and dialects, demonstrating its widespread dissemination.
Penn-Lewis documented the Welsh Revival primarily through reports in which periodical?
Answer: The Life of Faith
Explanation: While Penn-Lewis authored 'The Awakening in Wales,' her regular reporting on the Welsh Revival appeared in the periodical 'The Life of Faith,' not 'The Christian Herald'.
The periodical 'The Overcomer,' co-founded by Penn-Lewis and Evan Roberts, ceased publication in 1914 due to several factors. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason?
Answer: A significant decrease in readership subscriptions.
Explanation: The cessation of 'The Overcomer' in 1914 was attributed to workload challenges, Penn-Lewis's declining health, and the impact of World War I, not financial success or a decrease in readership.
When was 'The Overcomer' revived as a quarterly publication, and who was notably NOT involved in this revival?
Answer: 1920; Evan Roberts
Explanation: While 'The Overcomer' was revived in 1920 as a quarterly, Evan Roberts did not participate in its renewed objectives or publication.
In which influential publication was Penn-Lewis's study 'The Warfare with Satan' included during WWI?
Answer: The Fundamentals
Explanation: Her study, 'The Warfare with Satan,' was incorporated into the tenth volume of 'The Fundamentals,' a highly influential publication within Christian fundamentalism, in 1917.
What was the central argument of Jessie Penn-Lewis's 1919 book, 'The Magna Carta of Christian Women'?
Answer: It defended the right of women to preach, challenging church restrictions.
Explanation: This treatise advocated for the equal right of women to preach within the Christian Church, asserting that the denial of this right contravened the principles of the Holy Spirit and the example set forth by Jesus.
Jessie Penn-Lewis played an active role in the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival, a movement associated with Evan Roberts's subsequent breakdown.
Answer: True
Explanation: The text confirms Jessie Penn-Lewis's active participation in the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival, noting its connection to Evan Roberts's collapse.
Penn-Lewis was instrumental in organizing the Llandrindod Wells Convention in Wales, which was modeled after the Keswick Convention.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates Penn-Lewis's significant role in establishing the Llandrindod Wells Convention, drawing inspiration from the Keswick Convention model.
In her writings, Penn-Lewis critically examined the phenomena of speaking in tongues during the Welsh Revival, questioning its status as a primary sign of the Holy Spirit.
Answer: True
Explanation: Contrary to supporting the practice, Penn-Lewis critically analyzed speaking in tongues during the Welsh Revival, expressing reservations about its divine origin.
Penn-Lewis's criticism of certain spiritual manifestations, such as speaking in tongues, resulted in opposition from the Pentecostal movement.
Answer: True
Explanation: Penn-Lewis's critique of phenomena like speaking in tongues generated criticism from the Pentecostal movement, which generally held a different theological view.
Jessie Penn-Lewis resigned from leadership roles within the Llandrindod Wells Convention in 1911, citing frustration over diminished opportunities for broader public address.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that Jessie Penn-Lewis resigned from the Llandrindod Wells Convention leadership in 1911, partly due to frustration regarding limited speaking opportunities.
The book 'War on the Saints,' co-authored by Penn-Lewis and Evan Roberts, posited that demonic forces could influence believers, potentially leading to spirit possession.
Answer: True
Explanation: The text confirms that 'War on the Saints' explored the controversial theme of demonic influence and spirit possession among believers.
Jessie Penn-Lewis was involved in which significant revival movement in 1904-1905?
Answer: The Welsh Revival
Explanation: The text confirms Jessie Penn-Lewis's active participation in the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival, noting its connection to Evan Roberts's collapse.
What convention did Penn-Lewis help establish in Wales, modeled after the Keswick Convention?
Answer: The Llandrindod Wells Convention
Explanation: The source indicates Penn-Lewis's significant role in establishing the Llandrindod Wells Convention, drawing inspiration from the Keswick Convention model.
What controversial aspect of the Welsh Revival did Penn-Lewis address critically in her 1908 articles 'An Hour of Peril'?
Answer: The practice of speaking in tongues and associated physical manifestations.
Explanation: In 1908, she authored a series of articles titled 'An Hour of Peril,' focusing on speaking in tongues and associated 'Signs and Wonders' within the Revival. She posited that certain physical manifestations might be demonic in origin and represented a distortion of the Holy Spirit's activity.
How did the Pentecostal movement generally react to Penn-Lewis's criticisms regarding spiritual manifestations like speaking in tongues?
Answer: They criticized her views, as they generally viewed speaking in tongues positively.
Explanation: Her critique of phenomena like speaking in tongues generated criticism from the Pentecostal movement, which generally held a different theological view.
Why did Jessie Penn-Lewis resign from leadership roles in the Keswick and Llandrindod Wells movements?
Answer: Due to increasing criticism and frustration over limited opportunities to speak widely.
Explanation: She relinquished her position in Keswick's women's meetings in 1909 and from the Llandrindod Wells Convention in 1911. These decisions were associated with escalating criticism regarding her role within the Keswick movement and her dissatisfaction with reduced opportunities to engage broader audiences.
What controversial theme was explored in 'War on the Saints,' co-authored by Penn-Lewis and Evan Roberts?
Answer: The potential for demons to influence believers and cause spirit possession.
Explanation: This work perpetuated the controversy surrounding the Revival by asserting that demonic forces could influence spiritual beliefs and that Christian adherents might be vulnerable to spirit possession, attributing certain unconscious mental activities to Satan.
Throughout her public life, Jessie Penn-Lewis contended with a chronic lung ailment, which biographers have speculated may have been tuberculosis.
Answer: True
Explanation: The text notes that Jessie Penn-Lewis suffered from a chronic lung disease throughout her public career, with tuberculosis being a speculative diagnosis by biographers.
Penn-Lewis interpreted her recurring health challenges as a form of divine testing, which inspired her to author works such as 'The Story of Job' during periods of recuperation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Penn-Lewis viewed her health struggles as a divine test and that she wrote books like 'The Story of Job' while recovering.
During the First World War, Jessie Penn-Lewis actively campaigned against the provision of alcohol to military recruits.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms Jessie Penn-Lewis's advocacy against the distribution of alcohol to military personnel during World War I.
Following her husband's death around 1925, Jessie Penn-Lewis's primary source of income became a widow's pension.
Answer: True
Explanation: Contrary to reliance on published works, Jessie Penn-Lewis's primary financial support after her husband's death around 1925 was a widow's pension.
Jessie Penn-Lewis passed away suddenly on August 15, 1927, at the age of 66, mere days after having prepared content for 'The Overcomer'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states Jessie Penn-Lewis died suddenly on August 15, 1927, at age 66, shortly after preparing material for 'The Overcomer'.
How did Penn-Lewis interpret her recurring health problems?
Answer: As a 'baptism of suffering' reinforcing her ministry's divine mandate.
Explanation: She characterized her health challenges as a 'baptism of suffering.' Her repeated recoveries solidified her conviction that divine providence supported her continued ministry, prompting her to author works such as 'Thy Hidden Ones' and 'The Story of Job' during convalescence.
During World War I, what specific protest did Jessie Penn-Lewis engage in?
Answer: Campaigning against the provision of alcohol to new military recruits.
Explanation: The source confirms Jessie Penn-Lewis's advocacy against the distribution of alcohol to military personnel during World War I.
After William Penn-Lewis died around 1925, what became Jessie Penn-Lewis's primary source of income?
Answer: A widow's pension.
Explanation: Contrary to reliance on published works, Jessie Penn-Lewis's primary financial support after her husband's death around 1925 was a widow's pension.
What was noted about Jessie Penn-Lewis's activities shortly before her death on August 15, 1927?
Answer: She was still preparing content for the next issue of 'The Overcomer.'
Explanation: The source states Jessie Penn-Lewis died suddenly on August 15, 1927, at age 66, shortly after preparing material for 'The Overcomer'.