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Jiankang was originally known as Jianye and served as the capital for the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, and Southern Dynasties, including the Chen dynasty.
Answer: True
Explanation: The city, initially named Jianye, served as the capital for the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, and various Southern Dynasties, including the Chen dynasty, as detailed in the historical records.
Before the Eastern Jin dynasty, the city was known as Jianye and was the capital of the kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prior to the Eastern Jin dynasty, the city was indeed known as Jianye and served as the capital for the kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.
Jianye was renamed Jiankang during the Jin dynasty to honor a victorious general.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jianye was renamed Jiankang during the Jin dynasty not to honor a general, but to observe a naming taboo related to Emperor Min of Jin.
Jiankang was renamed in 313 CE and became the capital of the Eastern Jin dynasty after a retreat from northern territories due to Xiongnu raids.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical accounts confirm that Jiankang was renamed in 313 CE and subsequently became the capital of the Eastern Jin dynasty, a strategic move necessitated by the retreat from northern territories following Xiongnu incursions.
The Eastern Jin dynasty retreated to Jiankang and made it their capital primarily due to internal political strife.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Eastern Jin dynasty's relocation to Jiankang and its establishment as their capital was primarily a response to raids by the Xiongnu in the north, rather than internal political strife.
What was Jiankang's original name before it was renamed?
Answer: Jianye
Explanation: Prior to its renaming, the city was originally known as Jianye, a name it held during its early history as a capital.
What was the primary reason Jianye was renamed Jiankang during the Jin dynasty?
Answer: To observe a naming taboo for Emperor Min of Jin
Explanation: The renaming of Jianye to Jiankang during the Jin dynasty was primarily motivated by the cultural practice of observing a naming taboo for Emperor Min of Jin.
When was Jiankang officially renamed, and what nomadic people caused the Eastern Jin dynasty to retreat there?
Answer: 313 CE, Xiongnu
Explanation: Jiankang was officially renamed in 313 CE, and the Eastern Jin dynasty's retreat to this location was a direct consequence of raids by the nomadic Xiongnu people.
What was the primary reason for the Eastern Jin dynasty's retreat to Jiankang and making it their capital?
Answer: Raids by the Xiongnu in the north
Explanation: The primary impetus for the Eastern Jin dynasty's retreat to Jiankang and its establishment as their capital was the persistent raids by the Xiongnu nomadic people in the northern territories.
Which period saw Jiankang serve as a capital city for the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, and Southern Dynasties?
Answer: Three Kingdoms and Southern Dynasties
Explanation: Jiankang served as a capital city during the Three Kingdoms period (for Eastern Wu) and throughout the Southern Dynasties, including the Eastern Jin.
Which emperor's naming taboo led to Jianye being renamed Jiankang?
Answer: Emperor Min of Jin
Explanation: The renaming of Jianye to Jiankang was a direct consequence of observing a naming taboo associated with Emperor Min of Jin.
What was the city known as during the Three Kingdoms period when it served as the capital of the kingdom of Wu?
Answer: Jianye
Explanation: During the Three Kingdoms period, when it served as the capital of the kingdom of Wu, the city was known as Jianye.
Jiankang served as the capital for the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties.
Answer: True
Explanation: Jiankang indeed served as the capital for the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties, reflecting its enduring importance during the Southern Dynasties period.
At its peak in the sixth century, Jiankang had a population of approximately 500,000 people, making it comparable to Constantinople.
Answer: False
Explanation: At its peak in the sixth century, Jiankang's population was probably more than one million people, making it significantly larger than Constantinople, which had about 500,000 inhabitants.
The rebellion of Hou Jing in 549 CE led to a year-long siege and widespread devastation in Jiankang.
Answer: True
Explanation: The rebellion of Hou Jing in 549 CE indeed resulted in a devastating year-long siege of Jiankang, leading to widespread destruction and significant loss of life within the city.
In the 6th century, Jiankang's population of over one million people made it potentially the largest city in the world, surpassing Rome and Luoyang.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the 6th century, Jiankang's population, estimated at over one million, positioned it as potentially the largest city globally, exceeding the populations of contemporary Rome and Luoyang.
At its peak in the fifth century, Jiankang had a population of probably more than one million people.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jiankang reached its peak population of over one million people in the sixth century, not the fifth century.
Jiankang rivaled Luoyang in population and commercial activity at its peak.
Answer: True
Explanation: At its zenith, Jiankang indeed rivaled Luoyang in terms of both population size and commercial vibrancy, underscoring its prominence as a major urban center.
Which of the following dynasties did NOT have Jiankang as its capital?
Answer: Northern Wei
Explanation: The Liu Song, Southern Qi, and Chen dynasties all had Jiankang as their capital. The Northern Wei dynasty, however, was a Northern Dynasty and did not use Jiankang as its capital.
What was the approximate population of Jiankang at its peak in the sixth century?
Answer: More than one million
Explanation: At its zenith in the sixth century, Jiankang's population was estimated to be more than one million people, establishing it as a major global urban center.
What event led to the widespread devastation of Jiankang in 549 CE?
Answer: A year-long siege during the rebellion of Hou Jing
Explanation: The widespread devastation of Jiankang in 549 CE was a direct result of a year-long siege during the rebellion led by Hou Jing.
Jiankang rivaled which other significant Chinese city in both population and commercial activity at its peak?
Answer: Luoyang
Explanation: At its peak, Jiankang was a prominent urban center that rivaled Luoyang, another significant Chinese city, in both its population size and commercial activity.
During the reunification under the Sui dynasty, Jiankang was largely preserved and renamed Jinling.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Sui dynasty's reunification, Jiankang was almost completely destroyed, not preserved, and was renamed Jiangzhou and Danyang Commandery, not Jinling.
Under the Tang dynasty, the city regained prosperity and was named Jinling.
Answer: True
Explanation: Under the Tang dynasty, the city indeed experienced a resurgence of prosperity and was subsequently known by the name Jinling.
Jinling served as the capital of the Southern Tang kingdom from 937 to 975 CE.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical records confirm that Jinling functioned as the capital of the Southern Tang kingdom for the period spanning 937 to 975 CE.
By the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the city was known as Jiangzhou.
Answer: False
Explanation: By the conclusion of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the city was known as Jiangning, not Jiangzhou.
The name Jiankang was revived during the Northern Song dynasty after being known as Jinling.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name Jiankang was revived during the Southern Song dynasty, not the Northern Song dynasty, after periods of being known by other names.
The Southern Tang dynasty ruled with Jinling as its capital for 38 years.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Southern Tang dynasty indeed maintained Jinling as its capital for a period of 38 years, from 937 to 975 CE.
The Sui dynasty was responsible for the near-complete destruction of Jiankang during the reunification of China.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the reunification of China, the Sui dynasty was indeed responsible for the near-complete destruction of Jiankang, a significant event in the city's history.
After its destruction by the Sui dynasty, Jiankang was renamed first Jinling and then Jiangzhou.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following its destruction by the Sui dynasty, Jiankang was renamed Jiangzhou and subsequently Danyang Commandery, not Jinling and then Jiangzhou.
Jiankang was recognized as an important city during the Yuan dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The provided source material does not indicate that Jiankang was recognized as an important city during the Yuan dynasty; its significance is highlighted during earlier dynastic periods and the Song dynasty.
During which dynasty was Jiankang recognized as an important city?
Answer: Song dynasty
Explanation: Jiankang was notably recognized as an important city during the Song dynasty, a period marked by significant cultural and economic advancements.
What happened to Jiankang during the reunification of China under the Sui dynasty?
Answer: It was almost completely destroyed and renamed Jiangzhou and Danyang Commandery.
Explanation: During the Sui dynasty's reunification of China, Jiankang suffered near-complete destruction and was subsequently renamed Jiangzhou and Danyang Commandery.
What new name did the city receive under the Tang dynasty?
Answer: Jinling
Explanation: Under the Tang dynasty, the city was given the new name Jinling, marking a period of renewed prosperity.
For how long did Jinling serve as the capital of the Southern Tang kingdom?
Answer: 38 years
Explanation: Jinling served as the capital of the Southern Tang kingdom for a period of 38 years, specifically from 937 to 975 CE.
By the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, what was the city known as?
Answer: Jiangning
Explanation: By the conclusion of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the city had adopted the name Jiangning.
During which dynasty was the name Jiankang revived after multiple changes?
Answer: Southern Song dynasty
Explanation: The name Jiankang was notably revived during the Southern Song dynasty, following a series of previous name changes.
Which dynasty was responsible for the near-complete destruction of Jiankang?
Answer: Sui dynasty
Explanation: The Sui dynasty was responsible for the near-complete destruction of Jiankang during its efforts to reunify China.
What were the two names given to Jiankang after its destruction by the Sui dynasty?
Answer: Jiangzhou and Danyang Commandery
Explanation: Following its destruction by the Sui dynasty, Jiankang was successively renamed Jiangzhou and then Danyang Commandery.
The ruins of Jiankang's walls are located within the modern municipal region of Beijing.
Answer: False
Explanation: The extant ruins of Jiankang's walls are located within the modern municipal region of Nanjing, not Beijing.
Jiankang's name was changed to Nanjing in 1468 during the Tang dynasty by Emperor Taizu.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jiankang was renamed Nanjing in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, during the Ming dynasty, not in 1468 during the Tang dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, founded the Ming dynasty and renamed Jiankang to Nanjing in 1368.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical accounts confirm that Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, founded the Ming dynasty and, in 1368, renamed Jiankang to Nanjing, establishing it as the new imperial capital.
Jiankang is currently located within the modern municipal region of Shanghai, China.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jiankang is presently situated within the modern municipal region of Nanjing, China, not Shanghai.
In which modern municipal region are the ruins of Jiankang's walls located today?
Answer: Nanjing
Explanation: The ruins of Jiankang's historical walls are presently situated within the modern municipal region of Nanjing, China.
Who was the emperor responsible for changing Jiankang's name to Nanjing in 1368?
Answer: Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor
Explanation: Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor, was the founder of the Ming dynasty and was responsible for renaming Jiankang to Nanjing in 1368.
The term 'Six Dynasties' was coined by the Ming historian Chen Yi in his work *Jiankang Shilu*.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'Six Dynasties' was coined by the Tang historian Xu Song in his work *Jiankang Shilu*, not by the Ming historian Chen Yi.
The 'Six Dynasties' as defined by Xu Song include the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Six Dynasties' as defined by Xu Song precisely include the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties, all of which were centered in Jiankang.
*Jiankang Shilu* is a historical work by Tang historian Xu Song that coined the term 'Six Dynasties'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The historical work *Jiankang Shilu*, authored by the Tang historian Xu Song, is indeed credited with coining the influential term 'Six Dynasties'.
A naming taboo is a cultural practice where certain words are avoided in common usage, especially those related to revered figures like emperors.
Answer: True
Explanation: The definition provided accurately describes a naming taboo, a significant cultural practice in historical China, particularly concerning the names of revered figures such as emperors.
The map illustrating Jiankang as the capital of the Southern Dynasties was drawn by Zhu Yuanzhang during the Ming dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The map illustrating Jiankang as the capital of the Southern Dynasties was created by Chen Yi during the Ming dynasty, not by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Who coined the term 'Six Dynasties' in his work *Jiankang Shilu*?
Answer: Xu Song
Explanation: The Tang historian Xu Song is credited with coining the term 'Six Dynasties' in his significant historical work, *Jiankang Shilu*.
What mythical Chinese creature is depicted from the Yongning Tomb of Emperor Wen of Chen?
Answer: Pixiu
Explanation: An image from the Yongning Tomb of Emperor Wen of Chen depicts a *pixiu*, a mythical Chinese creature often associated with wealth and good fortune.
What is the significance of the historical work *Jiankang Shilu*?
Answer: It coined the term 'Six Dynasties' to categorize regimes based in Jiankang.
Explanation: The historical work *Jiankang Shilu* holds significant importance as it is the source where the term 'Six Dynasties' was coined, providing a framework for categorizing the regimes centered in Jiankang.
What is the definition of a 'naming taboo' in the context of Chinese history?
Answer: A cultural practice where certain words, especially those related to revered figures, are avoided.
Explanation: In Chinese history, a 'naming taboo' refers to the cultural practice of avoiding specific words, particularly those associated with revered figures like emperors, out of respect or to prevent perceived disrespect.
Which of the following dynasties was NOT one of the 'Six Dynasties' as defined by Xu Song?
Answer: Southern Tang
Explanation: The 'Six Dynasties' as defined by Xu Song include the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties. The Southern Tang dynasty is not part of this specific categorization.
The map illustrating Jiankang as the capital of the Southern Dynasties was created by whom?
Answer: Chen Yi
Explanation: The map depicting Jiankang as the capital of the Southern Dynasties was created by Chen Yi during the Ming dynasty.
What was the approximate date of the *pixiu* image from the Yongning Tomb?
Answer: 566 CE
Explanation: The *pixiu* image found in the Yongning Tomb of Emperor Wen of Chen is dated to approximately 566 CE.
Which district is the Yongning Tomb, containing the *pixiu* image, located in?
Answer: Qixia District
Explanation: The Yongning Tomb of Emperor Wen of Chen, which contains the *pixiu* image, is situated in the Qixia District.