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John Deval Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

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Study Guide: The Deval Dynasty: 18th-Century Master Masons

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The Deval Dynasty: 18th-Century Master Masons Study Guide

John Deval the Elder: Early Life and Apprenticeship

John Deval the elder was born in Eynsham, Oxfordshire, in 1701, shortly after his father's demise.

Answer: True

Explanation: The elder John Deval was born in Eynsham, Oxfordshire, in 1701, following the death of his father, George Deval.

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John Deval the elder commenced his formal tutelage in sculpture and Master Masonry under Joshua Fletcher in Woodstock, Oxfordshire.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder was formally apprenticed to Joshua Fletcher of Woodstock, Oxfordshire, beginning in 1718.

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John Deval the elder died in 1774 and was interred in Oxford.

Answer: False

Explanation: John Deval the elder died in 1774, but his burial site is recorded as Isleworth, not Oxford.

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Where was John Deval the elder born, and under what circumstances did his birth occur?

Answer: Born in Eynsham, Oxfordshire, in 1701, shortly after his father's death.

Explanation: John Deval the elder was born in Eynsham, Oxfordshire, in 1701. His birth occurred shortly after the death of his father, George Deval.

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Who served as John Deval the elder's master during his apprenticeship, and in which town was this apprenticeship situated?

Answer: Joshua Fletcher in Woodstock.

Explanation: John Deval the elder's formal apprenticeship was undertaken with Joshua Fletcher, based in Woodstock, Oxfordshire.

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John Deval the Elder: Career, Royal Service, and Major Projects

John Deval the elder attained the status of Freeman of London in 1727 and subsequently relocated to work under Andrew Jelfe.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 1727, John Deval the elder became a Freeman of London, a significant step in his professional development, after which he moved to London to work for Andrew Jelfe.

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John Deval the elder's professional activities were exclusively confined to residential properties, excluding contributions to public institutions.

Answer: False

Explanation: Contrary to the assertion, John Deval the elder contributed to significant public institutions such as Mansion House, London, and Guy's Hospital, demonstrating a scope beyond purely residential projects.

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John Deval the elder's responsibilities at the Tower of London included the reduction of fortifications.

Answer: True

Explanation: During his tenure overseeing repairs at the Tower of London from 1750 to 1770, John Deval the elder was tasked with reducing fortifications, suggesting adaptation or modernization efforts.

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What was John Deval the elder's specific role concerning the Royal Mews?

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder served as the mason for the Royal Mews, indicating his responsibility for the construction or maintenance of this royal establishment.

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Who was John Deval the elder, and what were his principal professions and roles?

Answer: A sculptor and Master Mason who served the Crown.

Explanation: John Deval the elder was a prominent 18th-century British sculptor and Master Mason, notably holding the position of Chief Mason to the Crown.

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What significant professional milestone did John Deval the elder achieve in 1727, marking a transition towards independent practice?

Answer: He became a Freeman of London and relocated to the city.

Explanation: In 1727, John Deval the elder became a Freeman of London, a status that permitted him to practice his trade freely within the city, and he subsequently moved there to work for Andrew Jelfe.

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Which of the following positions did John Deval the elder hold in the later stages of his career?

Answer: Chief Mason to the Crown

Explanation: John Deval the elder attained the significant royal appointment of Chief Mason to the Crown, reflecting his prominence and expertise in masonry.

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What was John Deval the elder's role concerning the Tower of London?

Answer: He was responsible for ongoing repairs and reducing fortifications.

Explanation: John Deval the elder served as the mason for the Tower of London, undertaking repairs and the reduction of fortifications between 1750 and 1770.

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John Deval the Younger: Training and Career Trajectory

John Deval the younger was born in 1728 and received his foundational training under his father's tutelage.

Answer: True

Explanation: Born in 1728, John Deval the younger followed the family tradition, training under his father, John Deval the elder.

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John Deval the younger succeeded his father as Master Mason to the King in 1774.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the younger assumed the significant royal appointment of Master Mason to the King in 1774, continuing the legacy established by his father.

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John Deval the younger's professional engagements were exclusively limited to public edifices and royal residences.

Answer: False

Explanation: While John Deval the younger worked on numerous public buildings and royal palaces, his portfolio also included projects such as the Mausoleum to the Earl of Radnor, indicating a broader range of commissions.

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When did John Deval the younger die?

Answer: 1794

Explanation: John Deval the younger's professional career concluded with his death in 1794.

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What was John Deval the younger's primary profession?

Answer: Master Mason and sculptor

Explanation: John Deval the younger followed in his father's footsteps, establishing himself as a Master Mason and sculptor of considerable repute.

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Which royal appointment did John Deval the younger assume in 1774?

Answer: Chief Mason to the King

Explanation: In 1774, John Deval the younger was appointed Chief Mason to the King, succeeding his father in this prestigious royal office.

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Key Projects and Architectural Contributions

John Deval the elder was involved in the construction of St Olave's Church in Southwark in 1737.

Answer: True

Explanation: Records indicate John Deval the elder's participation in the construction of St Olave's Church in Southwark, commencing in 1737.

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John Deval the elder executed the creation of marble tables for Lord Folkestone at Longford Castle.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 1738, John Deval the elder was commissioned to create marble tables for Lord Folkestone at Longford Castle, showcasing his skill in high-quality stonework.

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John Deval the younger was engaged in the restoration and refurbishment of Cobham Hall between 1776 and 1778.

Answer: True

Explanation: The period between 1776 and 1778 saw John Deval the younger involved in significant repair and remodeling works at Cobham Hall.

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John Deval the younger contributed to the north and south facades of Somerset House from 1777 to 1786.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the younger's extensive work on the north and south fronts of Somerset House, spanning from 1777 to 1786, marks a significant contribution to this major London landmark.

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John Deval the younger was responsible for creating statuary and marble chimneypieces for the Duke of York at Carlton House.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 1788, John Deval the younger executed significant decorative work at Carlton House for the Prince of Wales, including statuary and marble chimneypieces.

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John Deval the younger contributed to the Queen Mary block at Greenwich Palace between 1784 and 1789.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the younger's work on the Queen Mary block at Greenwich Palace occurred during the period of 1784 to 1789.

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The monument to Thomas Spackman at Cliffe Pypard is cited as a definitively verified work of John Deval the younger.

Answer: False

Explanation: The source material notes that the attribution of the monument to Thomas Spackman at Cliffe Pypard (1786) to John Deval the younger requires further verification, indicating it is not definitively confirmed.

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The image of the Royal Mews is relevant because John Deval the elder served as the mason for this site.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder held the position of mason for the Royal Mews, making its depiction relevant to his professional contributions.

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John Deval the elder was involved in the construction of the Foundling Hospital in London.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder contributed to the construction of the Foundling Hospital in London, with his involvement spanning from 1742 to 1752.

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Somerset House is depicted in an image, and John Deval the younger worked on its construction.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the younger was significantly involved in the construction of the north and south fronts of Somerset House between 1777 and 1786.

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The Temple of Concord at Audley End House is associated with John Deval the younger's work.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the younger contributed to Audley End, including work on the Temple of Concord in 1791, following his earlier involvement in remodeling sections of the estate in a Georgian style.

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John Deval the younger was responsible for the marblework in the Royal Naval Chapel in Greenwich.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 1788, John Deval the younger executed the marblework for the Royal Naval Chapel in Greenwich, a notable contribution to the site's decorative elements.

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Mansion House in London was a project undertaken by John Deval the elder.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder was significantly involved with Mansion House, London, contributing to its construction and maintenance from 1739 to 1750.

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John Deval the elder was involved with Guy's Hospital in 1739.

Answer: True

Explanation: Records indicate John Deval the elder's participation in projects related to Guy's Hospital in the year 1739.

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John Deval the elder was involved with Newgate Prison in 1769.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder's professional activities extended to correctional facilities, including his involvement with Newgate Prison in 1769.

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John Deval the younger worked on the King's Bench Prison between 1780 and 1784.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the younger's portfolio includes work on the King's Bench Prison, undertaken during the period of 1780 to 1784.

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What specific type of work did John Deval the elder perform at Longford Castle in 1738?

Answer: Designing and installing marble tables.

Explanation: At Longford Castle in 1738, John Deval the elder was commissioned to design and install marble tables for Lord Folkestone.

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Which major London public building involved John Deval the elder's work from 1739 to 1750?

Answer: Mansion House, London

Explanation: John Deval the elder was engaged in work on Mansion House, London, during the extensive period of 1739 to 1750.

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What specific decorative elements did John Deval the elder create at Woburn Abbey in 1751?

Answer: Relief panels and chimneypieces.

Explanation: In 1751, John Deval the elder was responsible for creating relief panels in the hall and numerous chimneypieces throughout Woburn Abbey.

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John Deval the younger contributed to the north and south fronts of which significant London building?

Answer: Somerset House

Explanation: John Deval the younger's significant contributions to Somerset House included work on its north and south fronts between 1777 and 1786.

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What type of structure did John Deval the younger help construct in Britford churchyard in 1779?

Answer: A mausoleum

Explanation: In 1779, John Deval the younger was involved in the construction of a mausoleum located in the Britford churchyard, commissioned for the Earl of Radnor.

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For which bank on the Strand did John Deval the younger undertake work between 1780 and 1789?

Answer: Coutts Bank

Explanation: John Deval the younger contributed to the architecture of Coutts Bank on the Strand, London, during the period of 1780 to 1789.

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What architectural elements did John Deval the younger create at Carlton House for the Prince of Wales?

Answer: Statuary and marble chimneypieces.

Explanation: John Deval the younger was responsible for the creation of statuary and marble chimneypieces at Carlton House, commissioned by the Prince of Wales in 1788.

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Which royal palace saw John Deval the younger involved in remodelling sections into a Georgian style in 1785?

Answer: Audley End

Explanation: In 1785, John Deval the younger participated in the remodeling of sections of Audley End into a Georgian style.

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What specific work did John Deval the younger undertake at St. James's Palace in 1793?

Answer: Constructing new guardrooms.

Explanation: In 1793, John Deval the younger was involved in the construction of new guardrooms at St. James's Palace, alongside other works on the Waiting Room.

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a project John Deval the elder was involved in?

Answer: Somerset House

Explanation: While John Deval the elder was involved in projects such as Kimbolton Castle, Newgate Prison, and Guy's Hospital, Somerset House is primarily associated with the work of his son, John Deval the younger.

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Which of the following projects was undertaken by John Deval the younger?

Answer: Constructing the Mausoleum to the Earl of Radnor.

Explanation: John Deval the younger's portfolio includes the construction of the Mausoleum to the Earl of Radnor in Britford churchyard in 1779.

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Which of these buildings was NOT explicitly mentioned as a project for either John Deval?

Answer: Buckingham Palace

Explanation: While Foundling Hospital, Woburn Abbey, and St. James's Palace are mentioned in connection with the Devals' work, Buckingham Palace is not explicitly listed as one of their projects in the provided source material.

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What is suggested by the frequent mention of 'chimneypieces' in the project lists for both John Devals?

Answer: Chimneypieces were a common and significant part of their masonry work.

Explanation: The repeated documentation of chimneypiece construction for both John Deval the elder and the younger indicates that this was a substantial and recurring aspect of their professional services as master masons and sculptors.

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Professional Standing and Guild Affiliations

John Deval the elder attained the position of Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons in London in 1760.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Deval the elder achieved the highest office within his professional guild, serving as Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons in 1760.

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Both John Deval the elder and John Deval the younger attained the highest position within the Worshipful Company of Masons.

Answer: True

Explanation: Both father and son achieved the pinnacle of their professional guild, serving as Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons, signifying their esteemed status and leadership in the trade.

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In which year did John Deval the elder assume the role of Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons?

Answer: 1760

Explanation: John Deval the elder achieved the highest office within his guild, becoming Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons in 1760.

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What does the title 'Master Mason to the Crown' imply about the holder's professional standing and responsibilities?

Answer: They held a senior position overseeing masonry work for the monarch.

Explanation: The designation 'Master Mason to the Crown' signifies a high-ranking official position, indicating responsibility for executing and overseeing masonry works for the monarch and royal properties.

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Legacy and the Transmission of Craftsmanship

What does the familial connection between John Deval the elder and his son suggest regarding their professional lineage?

Answer: It indicates the continuation and transmission of skills within the family.

Explanation: The fact that John Deval the younger trained under his father and pursued the same profession highlights the successful transmission of skills and knowledge within the Deval family, establishing a notable lineage of master masons.

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Source Material and Historiography

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