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The Judicial Committee was formally established by the Judicial Committee Act of 1833.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was formally constituted by the Judicial Committee Act of 1833, which aimed to regularize the process of hearing appeals previously directed to the monarch-in-council.
The JCPC evolved directly from the modern UK Supreme Court.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC predates the modern UK Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, established in 2009, took over many of the JCPC's domestic appellate functions, but the JCPC's origins trace back much further to the Privy Council's judicial functions.
A major issue with the pre-1833 Privy Council Appeals Committee was its requirement for a large quorum, ensuring only experienced judges heard cases.
Answer: False
Explanation: A significant issue with the pre-1833 Privy Council Appeals Committee was its requirement for a small quorum (three members), which could allow less experienced or non-lawyer members to influence judgments, rather than a large quorum of experienced judges.
Lord Brougham was instrumental in the passage of the Judicial Committee Act 1833.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lord Brougham was a key figure in advocating for and facilitating the passage of the Judicial Committee Act 1833, which formally established the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
The Judicial Committee Act 1833 was enacted to simplify the process of appeals from the United States to the British Crown.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Judicial Committee Act 1833 was enacted to formalize and improve the process for hearing appeals from the British Empire, not specifically from the United States, which had gained independence decades earlier.
The JCPC took over appellate functions previously handled by the monarch acting alone.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC took over appellate functions previously exercised by the King-in-Council, which was a committee of the Privy Council, rather than the monarch acting entirely alone. This formalized and structured the process.
The Appeals Committee of the Privy Council, a precursor to the JCPC, heard cases questioning the constitutionality of colonial statutes against royal charters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Appeals Committee of the Privy Council, a predecessor to the JCPC, did indeed hear cases from colonial courts, including those questioning the constitutionality of colonial statutes against the royal charters that established colonial governance.
Through which act was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council formally established?
Answer: The Judicial Committee Act 1833
Explanation: The Judicial Committee Act 1833 formally established the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, creating a structured body to handle the growing volume and complexity of appeals from across the British Empire.
Which historical legal body's functions did the JCPC formally take over?
Answer: The King-in-Council
Explanation: The JCPC formally assumed the appellate functions previously exercised by the King-in-Council, which represented the monarch's judicial authority exercised through committees of the Privy Council.
What was a significant problem with the pre-1833 Privy Council Appeals Committee mentioned in the source?
Answer: It lacked familiarity with diverse colonial legal systems.
Explanation: A significant issue with the pre-1833 Privy Council Appeals Committee was its frequent lack of familiarity with the diverse and complex legal systems of the colonies, which could lead to less informed judgments.
Which historical legal body's appellate functions were taken over by the JCPC, evolving from the monarch's council?
Answer: The Curia Regis (Royal Council) committees
Explanation: The JCPC evolved from committees of the King's Council (Curia Regis) and the Privy Council, which handled petitions for justice from the monarch's non-English possessions, formalizing these functions into a statutory committee.
What role did the JCPC play concerning the constitutionality of statutes in the American colonies?
Answer: It heard cases questioning the constitutionality of colonial statutes against royal charters.
Explanation: The Appeals Committee of the Privy Council, a precursor to the JCPC, exercised judicial review powers by hearing cases from American colonies that questioned the constitutionality of colonial statutes against the royal charters defining their powers.
What was the primary motivation behind the Judicial Committee Act 1833, according to the source?
Answer: To formalize and improve the process for hearing appeals previously handled by the Privy Council.
Explanation: The Judicial Committee Act 1833 was enacted to formalize and improve the process for hearing appeals previously handled by the Privy Council, addressing perceived deficiencies in the earlier, less structured arrangements.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) functions as the highest court of appeal for all countries within the Commonwealth.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC serves as the highest court of appeal for *several* Commonwealth countries, not all. Its jurisdiction has also significantly diminished over time as nations establish their own final appellate courts.
Historically, the JCPC was the final court of appeal for the entire British Empire, including the United Kingdom itself.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historically, the JCPC served as the final court of appeal for the entire British Empire, with the significant exception of the United Kingdom itself. Its jurisdiction extended to numerous colonies and dominions.
The JCPC no longer handles any domestic matters within the United Kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the UK Supreme Court now handles most domestic appeals, the JCPC retains jurisdiction over specific domestic matters, such as appeals concerning schemes of the Church Commissioners and disputes under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975.
The JCPC hears appeals from territories like Bermuda, Jamaica, and Brunei.
Answer: True
Explanation: The JCPC continues to hear appeals from numerous British Overseas Territories and Commonwealth nations, including Bermuda, Jamaica, and Brunei, among others.
Most Caribbean Community nations have fully transitioned to the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) as their final court of appeal.
Answer: False
Explanation: While some Caribbean Community nations have transitioned to the CCJ, many still retain the JCPC as their final court of appeal. The transition process has faced significant political and legal challenges in several countries.
After the handover of Hong Kong, the JCPC remained the ultimate interpreter of the Basic Law.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the handover of Hong Kong in 1997, the Court of Final Appeal became Hong Kong's highest judicial authority. The ultimate interpretation of the Basic Law rests with China's National People's Congress Standing Committee, not the JCPC.
The JCPC handles appeals concerning doctrine within the Church of England.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the JCPC hears appeals from ecclesiastical courts concerning non-doctrinal faculty cases and matters related to schemes of the Church Commissioners, it does not handle appeals concerning doctrine within the Church of England.
The JCPC is the highest court of appeal for all matters within the United Kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC is the highest court for specific territories and matters, but it is not the highest court for all matters within the United Kingdom. For most domestic UK cases, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the ultimate court of appeal.
What is the primary role of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)?
Answer: To act as the final court of appeal for several Commonwealth countries, Crown Dependencies, and British Overseas Territories.
Explanation: The JCPC serves as the final court of appeal for numerous jurisdictions, including Commonwealth nations, Crown Dependencies, and British Overseas Territories, continuing a long tradition of judicial oversight.
Historically, what was the extent of the JCPC's jurisdiction regarding the British Empire?
Answer: It was the court of last resort for the entire British Empire, excluding the UK itself.
Explanation: At its zenith, the JCPC served as the ultimate appellate tribunal for the vast majority of the British Empire, processing appeals from numerous colonies and dominions, though not from the United Kingdom itself.
Which of the following is an example of a domestic matter still under the JCPC's jurisdiction in the UK?
Answer: Disputes under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975.
Explanation: The JCPC retains jurisdiction over specific domestic matters within the UK, including appeals concerning disputes arising under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975.
Which of these countries is listed as a territory from which the JCPC currently hears appeals?
Answer: Tuvalu
Explanation: The JCPC continues to hear appeals from numerous British Overseas Territories and Commonwealth nations, including Tuvalu, among others.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a domestic matter currently under the JCPC's jurisdiction in the UK?
Answer: Cases involving devolution issues between the UK and devolved administrations.
Explanation: Cases involving devolution issues between the UK and its devolved administrations are now heard by the UK Supreme Court, not the JCPC. Other domestic matters, such as those concerning the Church Commissioners or ecclesiastical courts (on non-doctrinal matters), remain within the JCPC's purview.
Members of the JCPC are known as Justices of the Peace and are always elected officials.
Answer: False
Explanation: Members of the JCPC are typically senior judges, including justices of the UK Supreme Court and senior Commonwealth judges. They are appointed, not elected, and are formally known as Privy Counsellors.
A typical 'Board' hearing a case at the JCPC consists of three judges.
Answer: False
Explanation: A typical 'Board' hearing a case at the JCPC usually consists of five judges, often including justices of the UK Supreme Court and senior judges from Commonwealth nations.
The JCPC's 'Board' typically consists of five judges, often including senior judges from Commonwealth nations.
Answer: True
Explanation: The panel of judges, known as 'the Board,' that hears a specific appeal at the JCPC typically comprises five members. These are predominantly justices of the UK Supreme Court, supplemented by senior judges from Commonwealth countries.
Dissenting opinions were officially permitted by the JCPC starting in 1966.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dissenting opinions have been officially permitted by the JCPC since the Judicial Committee (Dissenting Opinions) Order of 1966. Prior to this, the committee was required to issue unanimous reports.
The JCPC is strictly bound by its own previous decisions, similar to common law precedent.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC is not strictly bound by its own previous decisions. While it generally adheres to its precedents, it retains the discretion to depart from them in exceptional circumstances.
Who are the typical members of the JCPC?
Answer: Senior judges, including justices of the UK Supreme Court and senior Commonwealth judges.
Explanation: The members of the JCPC, known as Privy Counsellors, are typically distinguished senior judges. This includes justices currently serving on the UK Supreme Court and eminent judges from various Commonwealth nations.
What is the usual size of the 'Board' that hears a specific case at the JCPC?
Answer: Five members
Explanation: The panel of judges, known as 'the Board,' that hears a specific appeal at the JCPC typically comprises five members. These are predominantly justices of the UK Supreme Court, supplemented by senior judges from Commonwealth countries.
Which of the following is true regarding dissenting opinions at the JCPC?
Answer: They have been permitted since the Judicial Committee (Dissenting Opinions) Order of 1966.
Explanation: Dissenting opinions have been officially permitted by the JCPC since the Judicial Committee (Dissenting Opinions) Order of 1966. Prior to this, the committee was required to issue unanimous reports.
How does the JCPC typically handle its own previous decisions?
Answer: It can depart from them only in exceptional circumstances.
Explanation: The JCPC is not bound by its own prior rulings but typically departs from them only in exceptional circumstances, ensuring consistency while allowing for necessary evolution of legal principles.
Which of the following is true about the JCPC's relationship with its own prior decisions?
Answer: It is not bound by its own decisions but departs from them rarely.
Explanation: The JCPC is not bound by stare decisis in the same way as domestic courts. It can depart from its own previous decisions, but does so infrequently and only when compelling reasons exist.
The 'Persons Case' in Canada involved the JCPC ruling that women were ineligible to sit in the Canadian Senate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The landmark Canadian 'Persons Case' (Edwards v Canada (AG)) heard by the JCPC affirmed women's eligibility to be appointed to the Canadian Senate, a pivotal decision for gender equality in Canadian public life.
The JCPC's rulings on constitutional matters significantly strengthened the central government's power in Canada.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to strengthening central government power, the JCPC's rulings on constitutional matters in Canada often tended to favor provincial powers, thereby decentralizing federal authority.
The 'living tree doctrine' suggests a constitution should be interpreted rigidly based on its original text.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'living tree doctrine' posits that a constitution should be interpreted flexibly as an organic document, adapting to changing times and societal needs, rather than being rigidly bound by its original text.
The 'Pratt v A-G' case involved the JCPC ruling that the death penalty was unconstitutional in all Caribbean nations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Pratt v A-G' case did not rule the death penalty unconstitutional in all Caribbean nations. Instead, it addressed the constitutionality of executions based on the length of time spent on death row, influencing subsequent legal challenges.
Australian appeals to the JCPC concerning disputes between Australian states were automatically allowed.
Answer: False
Explanation: Australian appeals to the JCPC concerning 'inter se' questions (disputes between states or between the Commonwealth and states) were not automatically allowed; they required leave from the High Court of Australia, which was seldom granted.
The JCPC ruling in 'Nadan v The King' affirmed Canada's complete legislative autonomy to bar Privy Council appeals.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC ruling in 'Nadan v The King' (1926) actually held that Canada's legislation barring Privy Council appeals was *ultra vires* at that time, thus *limiting* rather than affirming complete legislative autonomy in this regard.
In the Haw Tua Tau case, the JCPC dismissed the appeal and ruled that prosecutions did not need to present sufficient evidence to establish a case.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the Haw Tua Tau case, the JCPC dismissed the appeal but established the crucial principle that prosecutions must present sufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case for the accused to answer, thereby enhancing procedural fairness.
In 'Moore v Attorney-General of the Irish Free State', the JCPC ruled that the Irish Free State could not abolish appeals to the Privy Council.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 'Moore v Attorney-General of the Irish Free State', the JCPC ruled that the Irish Free State *could* abolish appeals to the Privy Council, based on the powers granted by the Statute of Westminster 1931.
The landmark Canadian 'Persons Case' heard by the JCPC is significant for affirming:
Answer: Women's eligibility to sit in the Canadian Senate.
Explanation: The landmark Canadian 'Persons Case' (Edwards v Canada (AG)) heard by the JCPC affirmed women's eligibility to be appointed to the Canadian Senate, a pivotal decision for gender equality in Canadian public life.
What is the 'living tree doctrine' as applied by the JCPC in Canadian constitutional law?
Answer: The constitution is an organic document that should adapt to changing times.
Explanation: The 'living tree doctrine,' famously employed by the JCPC in Canadian constitutional law, posits that a constitution should be interpreted as an organic, evolving document capable of adapting to contemporary societal changes and circumstances.
In the 'Pratt v A-G' case concerning the death penalty in the Caribbean, what was a key issue addressed by the JCPC?
Answer: The time elapsed between sentencing and execution.
Explanation: In the 'Pratt v A-G' case, the JCPC addressed the issue of 'death row phenomenon,' specifically the excessive time elapsed between sentencing and execution, which could render the death penalty unconstitutional under certain human rights standards.
What was the JCPC's ruling in the 'Moore v Attorney-General of the Irish Free State' case regarding appeals?
Answer: The Irish Free State had the right to abolish appeals to the Privy Council under the Statute of Westminster 1931.
Explanation: The JCPC's ruling in 'Moore v Attorney-General of the Irish Free State' affirmed that the Irish Free State was empowered by the Statute of Westminster 1931 to terminate appeals to the Privy Council.
What legal principle did the JCPC establish in the Canadian 'Persons Case' besides affirming women's eligibility for the Senate?
Answer: The 'living tree doctrine' for constitutional interpretation.
Explanation: In addition to affirming women's eligibility for the Senate, the JCPC's judgment in the Canadian 'Persons Case' is credited with establishing the 'living tree doctrine,' advocating for a dynamic interpretation of constitutional texts.
The JCPC's ruling in 'Nadan v The King' (1926) related to which legal issue?
Answer: The Canadian Parliament's ability to restrict appeals to the Privy Council.
Explanation: The JCPC's ruling in 'Nadan v The King' (1926) addressed the legal issue of whether the Canadian Parliament possessed the authority to restrict or abolish appeals to the Privy Council, finding that its legislative powers were limited in this respect at the time.
The JCPC's decision in 'Haw Tua Tau' is notable for establishing which principle regarding prosecutions?
Answer: The prosecution must present sufficient evidence to establish a case for the accused to answer.
Explanation: The JCPC's decision in the Haw Tua Tau case is significant for establishing the principle that the prosecution must present sufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case, which the accused must then answer.
What was the JCPC's ruling in the 'Pratt v A-G' case regarding the death penalty in the Caribbean?
Answer: It addressed issues like the time elapsed between sentencing and execution, facing pressure from Caribbean governments.
Explanation: The JCPC's ruling in the 'Pratt v A-G' case focused on the constitutionality of the death penalty when significant delays occurred between sentencing and execution. This decision, along with others, generated considerable pressure from Caribbean governments and electorates.
The JCPC's jurisdiction has expanded significantly in the 21st century as more countries seek its appellate services.
Answer: False
Explanation: The JCPC's jurisdiction has significantly decreased over time as many Commonwealth countries have established their own final courts of appeal, reflecting a trend towards national judicial independence.
The Balfour Declaration of 1926 led to an increase in the JCPC's direct oversight over Commonwealth members.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Balfour Declaration of 1926 emphasized the autonomy of Commonwealth members, leading to a decrease, rather than an increase, in the JCPC's direct oversight as nations asserted their judicial independence.
Australia completely abolished appeals to the JCPC through the Australia Act 1986.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Australia Act 1986 served as the legislative mechanism through which Australia completely abolished appeals to the JCPC from its state courts, thereby concluding the final judicial link.
Canada abolished all appeals to the JCPC in the year 1933.
Answer: False
Explanation: Canada abolished criminal appeals to the JCPC in 1933, but all remaining appeals were only fully abolished in 1949.
The establishment of independent judicial systems is a primary reason why many Commonwealth countries have moved away from the JCPC.
Answer: True
Explanation: The establishment of robust, independent national judicial systems is indeed a primary driver for many Commonwealth countries choosing to abolish appeals to the JCPC, reflecting a broader trend towards national sovereignty.
The UK Supreme Court took over all functions previously performed by the JCPC.
Answer: False
Explanation: The UK Supreme Court took over many of the JCPC's domestic appellate functions upon its establishment in 2009. However, the JCPC continues to operate for its overseas and Commonwealth jurisdictions.
The creation of the UK Supreme Court in 2009 transferred all JCPC's appellate functions to it.
Answer: False
Explanation: The establishment of the UK Supreme Court in 2009 transferred a significant portion of the JCPC's domestic appellate functions to the new court. However, the JCPC retained its jurisdiction over appeals from various Commonwealth countries and overseas territories.
Antigua and Barbuda voted in 2018 to replace the JCPC with the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ).
Answer: False
Explanation: In the 2018 constitutional referendum, Antigua and Barbuda voted *against* replacing the JCPC with the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), thus maintaining the JCPC as its final court of appeal.
New Zealand abolished appeals to the JCPC in 2003, establishing its own Supreme Court.
Answer: True
Explanation: New Zealand abolished appeals to the JCPC in 2003, subsequently establishing the Supreme Court of New Zealand as its final court of appeal.
The Australia Act 1986 severed the final judicial link between Australia and the JCPC.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Australia Act 1986 definitively severed the final judicial link between Australia and the JCPC by abolishing appeals from Australian state courts, thereby concluding Australia's appellate relationship with the Privy Council.
Legal challenges in Saint Lucia successfully prevented the transition to the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ).
Answer: False
Explanation: While legal challenges arose in Saint Lucia concerning the transition to the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), they highlighted the complexities and potential delays involved, rather than definitively and successfully preventing the transition in all circumstances.
The Statute of Westminster 1931 removed legal barriers for dominions wishing to abolish appeals to the Privy Council.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Statute of Westminster 1931 confirmed the legislative autonomy of Commonwealth dominions, thereby removing legal impediments that had previously hindered their ability to abolish appeals to the Privy Council.
Why has the JCPC's jurisdiction significantly decreased over time?
Answer: Most Commonwealth countries have established their own final courts of appeal.
Explanation: The JCPC's jurisdiction has substantially decreased as many former dominions and colonies have established their own independent final courts of appeal, reflecting their national sovereignty and judicial independence.
How did the Balfour Declaration of 1926 influence the JCPC's role?
Answer: It emphasized the autonomy of Commonwealth members regarding judicial appeals.
Explanation: The Balfour Declaration of 1926, which recognized the autonomy of Commonwealth members, signaled a shift towards self-determination, influencing the JCPC's role by underscoring that judicial appeals should align with the wishes of the respective territories.
What was the effect of the Australia Act 1986 on JCPC jurisdiction?
Answer: It abolished appeals from Australian state courts to the JCPC.
Explanation: The Australia Act 1986 abolished appeals from Australian state courts to the JCPC, effectively severing the final judicial connection between Australia and the Privy Council.
When did Canada completely abolish appeals to the JCPC?
Answer: 1949
Explanation: Canada completely abolished all appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1949, marking a final step in severing its highest appellate link to the UK.
The establishment of the UK Supreme Court in 2009 primarily affected the JCPC by:
Answer: Transferring most of the JCPC's domestic appellate functions to the new court.
Explanation: The establishment of the UK Supreme Court in 2009 transferred a significant portion of the JCPC's domestic appellate functions to the new court, thereby reducing its domestic caseload.
What challenges have some Caribbean Community nations faced in transitioning to the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)?
Answer: Political and legal hurdles have complicated the change, with some referendums rejecting it.
Explanation: Several Caribbean Community nations have encountered significant political and legal hurdles in transitioning to the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) as their final court of appeal. These challenges have included public referendums rejecting the move, underscoring complex national debates about judicial sovereignty.
What was the significance of the Statute of Westminster 1931 concerning JCPC appeals?
Answer: It confirmed legislative autonomy and removed barriers for dominions to abolish JCPC appeals.
Explanation: The Statute of Westminster 1931 significantly affirmed the legislative autonomy of Commonwealth dominions, effectively removing any legal obstacles that might have prevented them from abolishing appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
What was the outcome of the 2018 Antiguan constitutional referendum concerning the JCPC?
Answer: The referendum rejected the proposal to replace the JCPC with the CCJ.
Explanation: The 2018 constitutional referendum in Antigua and Barbuda resulted in the rejection of a proposal to replace the JCPC with the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) as the nation's final court of appeal.
Judgments from the JCPC are strictly binding on all UK courts.
Answer: False
Explanation: Judgments from the JCPC are not strictly binding on UK courts; they typically carry persuasive authority. UK courts are bound by precedents set by the UK Supreme Court and other domestic appellate courts.
JCPC decisions have the same binding legal weight in UK courts as decisions from the UK Supreme Court.
Answer: False
Explanation: JCPC decisions generally carry only persuasive authority in UK domestic courts, unlike decisions from the UK Supreme Court, which are binding on lower courts. UK courts are bound by their own domestic hierarchy of precedent.
What is the nature of JCPC decisions within the United Kingdom's domestic courts?
Answer: They have only persuasive authority.
Explanation: Within the United Kingdom's domestic court system, JCPC decisions are considered to have persuasive authority, meaning they are influential but not strictly binding. UK courts are bound by precedents set by the UK Supreme Court and other domestic appellate courts.
In the context of UK courts, what does 'persuasive authority' of a JCPC decision mean?
Answer: The decision is influential but not strictly binding.
Explanation: Persuasive authority means that while a JCPC decision is highly respected and often followed by UK courts due to the caliber of its judges, it does not carry the same binding legal weight as a precedent set by the UK's own domestic superior courts like the Supreme Court. UK courts are generally bound by their own domestic hierarchy of precedent.
In Commonwealth realms retaining the JCPC, the monarch's decision, advised by the committee, is considered the final judgment.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Commonwealth realms where the JCPC serves as the final court of appeal, appeals are formally made to 'His Majesty in Council.' The monarch, acting upon the advice of the Judicial Committee, issues the final judgment.
The JCPC has always been exclusively based in London and has never held sittings elsewhere.
Answer: False
Explanation: While primarily based in London, the JCPC has, on occasion, held sittings in other locations, such as Mauritius and the Bahamas, to enhance accessibility for specific jurisdictions.
The official website for the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is www.jcpc.gov.uk.
Answer: False
Explanation: The official website for the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is jcpc.uk.
The JCPC occasionally sitting outside London is a recent development aimed at increasing accessibility.
Answer: True
Explanation: The practice of the JCPC occasionally holding sittings outside of London represents a recent development aimed at improving accessibility and engagement with the jurisdictions from which appeals originate.
The Privy Council Chamber in Downing Street is the current primary meeting place for the JCPC.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Privy Council Chamber in Downing Street was historically the primary meeting place for the JCPC. Since 2009, the JCPC has convened in the refurbished Middlesex Guildhall building.
The Clerk of the Privy Council is primarily responsible for delivering judgments in JCPC cases.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Clerk of the Privy Council is an administrative officer responsible for managing the Council's business. The delivery of judgments in JCPC cases is the responsibility of the judicial members of the Committee, who form the 'Board'.
Practice Direction 1, found on the JCPC website, details the court's procedural rules.
Answer: True
Explanation: Practice Direction 1, accessible via the JCPC's official website, provides essential guidance on the court's procedural rules and requirements for litigants.
Where is the JCPC primarily based, and where does it meet since 2009?
Answer: Based in London; meets in the refurbished Middlesex Guildhall building.
Explanation: The JCPC is primarily based in London. Since the establishment of the UK Supreme Court in 2009, the JCPC has met in the refurbished Middlesex Guildhall building, sharing the premises with the Supreme Court.
What is the official web address for the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council?
Answer: www.jcpc.uk
Explanation: The official web address for the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is jcpc.uk.