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The June 1988 Haitian coup d'état resulted in the overthrow of Henri Namphy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates that the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état resulted in the overthrow of President Leslie Manigat, not Henri Namphy.
Henri Namphy orchestrated the coup against President Leslie Manigat on June 20, 1988.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material confirms that Henri Namphy orchestrated the coup against President Leslie Manigat on June 20, 1988.
Henri Namphy declared himself President alongside Colonel Jean-Claude Paul after the June 20, 1988 coup.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material indicates that Henri Namphy declared himself President after the coup, and Colonel Jean-Claude Paul was present with him.
The primary belligerents in the June 1988 coup were the Haitian military and the presidential guard.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source identifies the belligerents as the Haitian military and the Haitian government, not specifically the presidential guard.
The coup on June 20, 1988, led to Henri Namphy declaring himself President of Haiti.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the coup on June 20, 1988, Henri Namphy indeed declared himself President of Haiti.
Following the coup, Leslie Manigat remained in his position as President.
Answer: False
Explanation: The coup resulted in the overthrow of Leslie Manigat, meaning he did not remain in his position as President.
Henri Namphy successfully seized power and became President after overthrowing Leslie Manigat.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Henri Namphy seized power and became President after successfully overthrowing Leslie Manigat.
On what specific date did the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état occur?
Answer: June 20, 1988
Explanation: The June 1988 Haitian coup d'état occurred on June 20, 1988.
Who was the President of Haiti overthrown during the June 1988 coup?
Answer: Leslie Manigat
Explanation: Leslie Manigat was the President of Haiti who was overthrown during the June 1988 coup.
Who orchestrated the overthrow of President Leslie Manigat?
Answer: Henri Namphy
Explanation: Henri Namphy orchestrated the overthrow of President Leslie Manigat.
Who was present with Henri Namphy when he declared himself President after the coup?
Answer: Colonel Jean-Claude Paul
Explanation: Colonel Jean-Claude Paul was present with Henri Namphy when Namphy declared himself President following the coup.
What was the immediate outcome of the coup d'état on June 20, 1988?
Answer: Henri Namphy ousted Leslie Manigat and declared himself President.
Explanation: The immediate outcome of the coup d'état on June 20, 1988, was Henri Namphy ousting Leslie Manigat and declaring himself President.
Which entity was identified as the leader of the Haitian government in the infobox during the June 1988 coup?
Answer: Leslie Manigat
Explanation: Leslie Manigat was identified as the leader of the Haitian government in the infobox during the June 1988 coup.
Colonel Jean-Claude Paul was the commander of the Armed Forces of Haiti during the June 1988 coup.
Answer: False
Explanation: The provided information identifies Henri Namphy as the commander of the Armed Forces of Haiti during the June 1988 coup, not Colonel Jean-Claude Paul.
Colonel Jean-Claude Paul's primary role was mediating between President Manigat and Henri Namphy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Colonel Jean-Claude Paul's role involved protesting his reassignment and being present with Namphy during the coup declaration, not mediating.
What was the relationship between Henri Namphy and Leslie Manigat leading up to the coup?
Answer: Namphy was the commander of the Armed Forces under President Manigat.
Explanation: Leading up to the coup, Henri Namphy served as the commander of the Armed Forces of Haiti under President Leslie Manigat.
Who was identified as the commander for the Armed Forces of Haiti in the infobox?
Answer: Henri Namphy
Explanation: Henri Namphy was identified as the commander for the Armed Forces of Haiti in the infobox.
Leslie Manigat assumed the presidency of Haiti on February 7, 1988.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to the provided information, Leslie Manigat assumed the presidency of Haiti on February 7, 1988.
President Manigat attempted to prevent the coup by promoting Henri Namphy to a higher military position.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that President Manigat retired Henri Namphy on June 19, 1988, accusing him of preparing a coup, rather than promoting him.
The 1988 general election in Haiti, which Leslie Manigat won, was described as being controlled by the military.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided text states that Leslie Manigat won the 1988 general election, and this election was described as military-controlled.
On June 14, 1988, Henri Namphy reassigned Colonel Jean-Claude Paul to a less significant post.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that on June 14, 1988, Henri Namphy reassigned Colonel Jean-Claude Paul to army headquarters and appointed him Assistant Head of the General Staff, which was not necessarily a less significant post.
Colonel Jean-Claude Paul supported his reassignment by telephoning President Leslie Manigat to protest.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided text states that Colonel Jean-Claude Paul protested his reassignment by telephoning President Leslie Manigat.
President Manigat immediately accepted the military reassignments made by Henri Namphy.
Answer: False
Explanation: President Manigat did not immediately accept the reassignments; he issued a statement canceling them, asserting his authority.
President Manigat asserted his authority by canceling military reassignments he had not been consulted on.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided text confirms that President Manigat asserted his authority by canceling military reassignments, stating he had not been consulted.
Henri Namphy was retired by President Manigat on June 19, 1988, because Namphy supported Manigat's policies.
Answer: False
Explanation: President Manigat retired Henri Namphy on June 19, 1988, because he accused Namphy of preparing a coup, not because Namphy supported his policies.
The phrase 'military-controlled 1988 general election' suggests a fully democratic electoral process.
Answer: False
Explanation: The phrase 'military-controlled' directly contradicts the notion of a fully democratic electoral process, indicating external influence or manipulation.
The events of June 1988 suggest a stable chain of command between the Haitian President and the military leadership.
Answer: False
Explanation: The events, including Manigat's cancellation of reassignments and Namphy's subsequent coup, suggest a breakdown in the chain of command and significant conflict between the President and military leadership.
President Manigat was not consulted on military reassignments, which was a key factor leading to the coup.
Answer: True
Explanation: The lack of consultation on military reassignments was a key factor, as President Manigat cited this when canceling them and asserting his authority.
How did Leslie Manigat initially come to power in Haiti in 1988?
Answer: By winning a military-controlled general election
Explanation: Leslie Manigat came to power in Haiti in 1988 by winning the general election, which the article notes was military-controlled.
What action did Henri Namphy take on June 14, 1988, that initiated a chain of events leading to the coup?
Answer: He made military reassignments, including Colonel Jean-Claude Paul.
Explanation: On June 14, 1988, Henri Namphy initiated a chain of events by making military reassignments, notably involving Colonel Jean-Claude Paul.
How did Colonel Jean-Claude Paul react to his reassignment on June 14, 1988?
Answer: He telephoned President Leslie Manigat to protest.
Explanation: Colonel Jean-Claude Paul reacted to his reassignment by telephoning President Leslie Manigat to voice his protest.
What was President Manigat's response to the military reassignments and Colonel Paul's protest?
Answer: He canceled the reassignments, asserting his authority.
Explanation: President Manigat responded by canceling the military reassignments and asserting his constitutional authority over the armed forces.
What action did President Manigat take against Henri Namphy on June 19, 1988?
Answer: He retired Namphy, accusing him of planning a coup.
Explanation: On June 19, 1988, President Manigat retired Henri Namphy, citing accusations that Namphy had been preparing a coup.
How did Manigat's cancellation of military reassignments contribute to the coup?
Answer: It created a direct conflict and challenged Namphy's authority.
Explanation: Manigat's cancellation of military reassignments challenged Namphy's authority, creating a direct conflict that escalated towards the coup.
What was the stated reason President Manigat gave for retiring Henri Namphy?
Answer: Namphy had been preparing a coup.
Explanation: President Manigat stated that he retired Henri Namphy because Namphy had been preparing a coup.
What was the sequence of events involving military reassignments and the coup?
Answer: Namphy reassigned Paul; Paul protested; Manigat canceled reassignments and retired Namphy; Namphy launched coup.
Explanation: The sequence involved Namphy reassigning Paul, Paul protesting, Manigat canceling reassignments and retiring Namphy, followed by Namphy launching the coup.
What was the stated reason for President Manigat retiring Henri Namphy on June 19, 1988?
Answer: Namphy was accused of preparing a coup.
Explanation: The stated reason for President Manigat retiring Henri Namphy on June 19, 1988, was that Namphy was accused of preparing a coup.
What does the article suggest about the consultation process between President Manigat and the military leadership?
Answer: There was a breakdown in consultation, causing conflict.
Explanation: The article suggests a breakdown in consultation between President Manigat and the military leadership, which contributed to the conflict.
The article mentions a subsequent coup in Haiti that occurred in September 1988, involving Prosper Avril.
Answer: True
Explanation: The article does mention a subsequent coup in September 1988, during which Prosper Avril overthrew Henri Namphy, illustrating continued political instability.
The article implies that the military held significant power in Haitian politics during 1988.
Answer: True
Explanation: The article implies significant military power, evidenced by the military-controlled election and the military's role in overthrowing the president.
Mentioning the September 1988 coup serves to illustrate the political stability in Haiti during that year.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mentioning the September 1988 coup, which overthrew the leader installed in June, illustrates political instability, not stability.
The article suggests that Haitian leadership experienced significant instability in 1988.
Answer: True
Explanation: The article implies significant leadership instability, referencing the June coup and the subsequent September coup that replaced the leader installed in June.
The coup d'état is defined as a gradual, legal transfer of power.
Answer: False
Explanation: A coup d'état is defined as the sudden and often illegal seizure of power from a government, not a gradual or legal transfer.
What does the article imply about the military's role in Haitian politics in 1988?
Answer: The military played a dominant role, influencing elections and leadership.
Explanation: The article implies that the military played a dominant role in Haitian politics in 1988, influencing elections and ultimately determining leadership changes.
What does the term 'coup d'état' mean, according to the article?
Answer: The sudden and often illegal seizure of power from a government.
Explanation: According to the article, a coup d'état is defined as the sudden and often illegal seizure of power from a government.
What does the article suggest about the stability of leadership in Haiti around the time of the coup?
Answer: Leadership changed frequently due to coups and instability.
Explanation: The article suggests frequent changes in leadership due to coups and instability, referencing the June coup and the subsequent September coup that replaced the leader installed in June.