The Kaikō ROV, developed by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), was primarily designed for the exploration of the Earth's crustal layers.

The Japanese designation 'Kaikō' translates to 'Deep Sea' in English.

By 2019, only three vessels had successfully reached the bottom of the Challenger Deep, and Kaikō was not among them.

The operational lifespan of the Kaikō ROV spanned eight years, commencing in 1995 and concluding in 2003.

During its operational life, the Kaikō ROV completed fewer than 100 dives.

The Kaikō ROV was lost during a routine maintenance operation in its homeport of Yokosuka.

In March 1995, Kaikō became the first unmanned submersible to reach the Challenger Deep.

In December 1997, Kaikō located the wreck of the Titanic off the coast of Okinawa.

In late November 1999, Kaikō located the wreckage of a Japanese H-2 rocket that had malfunctioned during launch.

Kaikō discovered hydrothermal vents near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in August 2000.

The side-scan sonar on the Kaikō ROV was primarily used for collecting biological samples.

The Kaikō ROV was powered by traditional lead-acid batteries.

The Kaikō ROV had a length of approximately 11 meters.

The Kaikō ROV's test depth capability was 11,911.4 meters.

The Kaikō ROV was commissioned in 1995, the same year it first reached the Challenger Deep.

The Kaikō ROV was lost at sea due to a malfunction in its primary control cable.

What was the principal objective of the Kaikō ROV's design and deployment?

What is the English translation of the Japanese name 'Kaikō'?

What was the duration of the Kaikō ROV's operational service?

What is the approximate number of dives conducted by the Kaikō ROV throughout its operational history?

What was the specific cause of the Kaikō ROV's loss at sea?

What was the primary significance of Kaikō's March 1995 dive to the Challenger Deep?

In December 1997, Kaikō located the wreck of which specific World War II vessel?

What was the objective of the robotic operation conducted by Kaikō near the Ryukyu Trench in October 1999?

What significant geological feature did Kaikō discover in August 2000 near the Central Indian Ridge?

What was the displacement of the Kaikō ROV when measured in air?

What specific type of battery technology powered the Kaikō ROV?

In what year was the Kaikō ROV officially commissioned?

Off the coast of which island was the Kaikō ROV lost at sea?

What was the specified test depth capability of the Kaikō ROV?

What significant geological feature did Kaikō discover in August 2000 near the Central Indian Ridge?

What was the approximate length of the Kaikō ROV?

The Kaikō7000II ROV served as the permanent replacement for the original Kaikō.

ABISMO, the permanent replacement for Kaikō, is an acronym for Automatic Bottom Inspection and Sampling Mobile.

Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard were the first humans to reach the bottom of the Challenger Deep in the submersible Trieste.

The Trieste's 1960 descent reached a maximum depth of approximately 35,797 feet, which is equivalent to 10,911 meters.

Besides the Trieste, the Deepsea Challenger piloted by James Cameron, only one other manned vehicle has reached the Challenger Deep.

The Kaikō7000II ROV had a depth rating significantly greater than the original Kaikō, allowing it to reach depths of 11,000 meters.

JAMSTEC began developing the ABISMO ROV because the Kaikō7000II could not reach the deepest oceanic trenches due to its depth limitation.

The name 'ABISMO' is derived from the Japanese word for 'abyss'.

During its initial sea trials in 2007, ABISMO reached a depth of 9,760 meters in the Mariana Trench.

The Nereus vehicle reached the Challenger Deep in 2009, recording a depth slightly shallower than the Trieste's 1960 dive.

Which of the following vehicles is *not* documented among the five vessels that successfully reached the Challenger Deep by 2019?

Which ROV was deployed as a temporary successor to the original Kaikō?

What is the significance of the name ABISMO, the permanent replacement ROV for Kaikō?

Identify the first two individuals to achieve descent to the bottom of the Challenger Deep.

What was the approximate maximum depth recorded by the bathyscaphe Trieste during its 1960 descent into the Challenger Deep?

Which manned vehicle, in addition to the Trieste and Deepsea Challenger, has also successfully reached the Challenger Deep?

What was the maximum operational depth rating specified for the Kaikō7000II ROV?

What necessity drove the development of the ABISMO ROV by JAMSTEC?

The Nereus vehicle, during its 2009 visit to the Challenger Deep, achieved a maximum recorded depth of:

What depth was achieved by the ABISMO ROV during its initial sea trials in 2007?

What was the significance of the Nereus vehicle's dive to the Challenger Deep in 2009?

The HMS Challenger expedition, which took place from 1872 to 1876, was the first to use sonar to map the ocean floor.

During the HMS Challenger expedition, the depth of the Challenger Deep was first recorded at approximately 10,900 meters.

The HMS Challenger expedition successfully mapped the entire global ocean floor.

By what method did the HMS Challenger expedition measure ocean depths?

In which year did the HMS Challenger expedition first record the depth of the Challenger Deep?

What was the approximate depth recorded for the Challenger Deep during the HMS Challenger expedition?

The Challenger Deep is located within the Puerto Rico Trench.

The pressure at the bottom of the Challenger Deep is roughly equivalent to the atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Within which oceanic trench is the Challenger Deep situated?

Quantify the approximate pressure at the bottom of the Challenger Deep relative to standard atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Kaikō collected approximately 180 biological species, including around 350 different types of bacteria.

During its 1995 dive, Kaikō observed and photographed creatures like tubeworms and shrimp adapted to high-pressure environments.

Kaikō's February 1996 mission to the Challenger Deep aimed to collect samples for studying life forms adapted to low-pressure conditions.

The bacteria *Moritella yayanosii* and *Shewanella benthica*, identified from Kaikō's 1996 samples, thrive best at pressures below 50 MPa.

Omega-3 fatty acids found in bacteria collected by Kaikō were suggested for treating conditions like hypertension and cancer.

The bacteria *Moritella yayanosii*, identified from Kaikō's 1996 samples, thrives best at pressures below 50 MPa.

During an October 1999 mission near the Ryukyu Trench, Kaikō discovered a new bacterial species named *Vibrio profundus*.

The bacteria *Moritella yayanosii* requires extremely high pressure, with optimal growth occurring at 80 MPa.

What significant potential applications were identified for the unique biological samples collected by the Kaikō ROV?

Which of the bacteria identified from Kaikō's 1996 samples is characterized by its ability to thrive under extreme hydrostatic pressure?

What potential medical applications were proposed for the omega-3 fatty acids identified in bacteria such as *Shewanella benthica*?

What taxonomic classification does the organism *Hirondellea gigas*, collected by Kaikō in 1998, belong to?

What potential industrial application was identified for compounds derived from the bacterium *Shewanella violacea*?

What potential medical application was suggested for the omega-3 fatty acids identified in bacteria collected by the Kaikō ROV?

The RV Kairei is a deep-sea research vessel that has served as the support ship for multiple JAMSTEC ROVs, including Kaikō and ABISMO.

The RV Kairei can support deep-sea operations up to a maximum depth of 7,000 meters.

Bathymetry is the scientific study of underwater currents and water temperature.

A deep-submergence vehicle is defined as an uncrewed underwater vehicle that operates independently.

The RV Kairei surveys various geological features, including abyssal plains and submarine volcanoes.

Identify the research vessel that serves as the primary support platform for the ABISMO ROV.

To what maximum depth is the RV Kairei capable of supporting deep-sea operations?

Based on the provided information, which statement accurately characterizes a deep-submergence vehicle?

As defined within this context, what constitutes a 'diving chamber'?