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Study Guide: Khaleda Zia: Political Career and Key Events

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Khaleda Zia: Political Career and Key Events Study Guide

Founding of BNP and Early Political Ascent

Khaleda Zia is recognized as the first female prime minister in the Muslim world.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Khaleda Zia was the first female prime minister of Bangladesh, she is recognized as the second female prime minister in the Muslim world, following Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan.

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Ziaur Rahman, Khaleda Zia's husband, founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1978.

Answer: True

Explanation: Ziaur Rahman, the late husband of Khaleda Zia, established the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1978.

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During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, Khaleda Zia actively engaged in combat operations against Pakistani forces.

Answer: False

Explanation: During the 1971 war, Khaleda Zia and her children were in hiding to evade Pakistani forces and were subsequently arrested.

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Khaleda Zia assumed the chairmanship of the BNP in 1984 following the demise of Abdus Sattar.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia became chairperson of the BNP in 1984, succeeding Ziaur Rahman's political legacy, not Abdus Sattar's.

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Khaleda Zia's eldest son, Tarique Rahman, passed away in 2015.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's second son, Arafat Rahman, passed away in 2015. Tarique Rahman is her eldest son and remains active in politics.

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Who is Khaleda Zia and what is her primary political affiliation?

Answer: Former Prime Minister of Bangladesh and chairperson of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).

Explanation: Khaleda Zia is a distinguished Bangladeshi politician who has served as Prime Minister and currently chairs the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).

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What is Khaleda Zia's distinction regarding female leadership in Bangladesh and the Muslim world?

Answer: She is the first female prime minister of Bangladesh and the second in the Muslim world.

Explanation: Khaleda Zia holds the significant distinction of being the first female prime minister of Bangladesh and the second such leader in the broader Muslim world.

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Who founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)?

Answer: Ziaur Rahman

Explanation: The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) was founded by Ziaur Rahman, the husband of Khaleda Zia.

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What was Khaleda Zia's situation during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War?

Answer: She went into hiding and was later arrested by Pakistani forces.

Explanation: During the 1971 war, Khaleda Zia and her children sought refuge and were subsequently arrested by Pakistani forces.

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How did Khaleda Zia ascend to the leadership of the BNP after her husband's death?

Answer: She became vice-chairman and then chairperson in successive years.

Explanation: Following Ziaur Rahman's assassination, Khaleda Zia joined the BNP and progressed to become vice-chairman before being elected chairperson in 1984.

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Which of Khaleda Zia's sons passed away in 2015?

Answer: Arafat Rahman

Explanation: Arafat Rahman, Khaleda Zia's second son, died in 2015.

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Prime Ministership: First Term (1991-1996)

Khaleda Zia has served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh for two non-consecutive terms.

Answer: True

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's tenure as Prime Minister encompassed two distinct periods: 1991-1996 and 2001-2006.

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Khaleda Zia first assumed the office of Prime Minister on March 20, 1991, subsequent to her party securing a majority in the general election.

Answer: True

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's initial term as Prime Minister commenced on March 20, 1991, following the electoral victory of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).

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During Khaleda Zia's first term, primary education was mandated as free and compulsory, and educational access for girls was provided free of charge up to the 10th grade.

Answer: True

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's first government implemented policies making primary education free and mandatory, and extended free education for girls through the 10th grade.

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The implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) occurred during Khaleda Zia's initial government.

Answer: True

Explanation: Value Added Tax (VAT) was among the economic reforms introduced during Khaleda Zia's first administration.

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Khaleda Zia's administration altered the method for selecting city corporation mayors, moving from direct election to appointment by the President.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's administration instituted direct elections for city corporation mayors by the electorate, rather than presidential appointment.

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The 12th amendment to the constitution reinstated the presidential system of government in Bangladesh.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 12th amendment to the constitution formally restored the parliamentary system of government, shifting executive powers back to the Prime Minister.

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Khaleda Zia's government enacted the 13th amendment to the constitution, which re-established the parliamentary system.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 12th amendment, not the 13th, restored the parliamentary system. The 13th amendment established the caretaker government system.

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Khaleda Zia's administration implemented the abolition of the district council system.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's administration recommended a two-tier local government system (district and union councils) after a review commission's report, rather than abolishing the district council system.

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Khaleda Zia's government executed the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

Answer: True

Explanation: Bangladesh signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) during Khaleda Zia's first government.

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The upazila system was introduced during Khaleda Zia's administration.

Answer: False

Explanation: The upazila system was abolished in November 1991 during Khaleda Zia's administration, not introduced.

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When did Khaleda Zia first assume the office of Prime Minister of Bangladesh?

Answer: March 20, 1991

Explanation: Khaleda Zia first assumed the position of Prime Minister of Bangladesh on March 20, 1991.

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Which constitutional amendment restored the parliamentary system of government during Khaleda Zia's first term?

Answer: The 12th Amendment

Explanation: The 12th Amendment to the constitution, enacted during Khaleda Zia's first term, formally reinstated the parliamentary system of governance.

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What educational reform was implemented for girls during Khaleda Zia's first term (1991-1996)?

Answer: Education was made free for girls up to the 10th grade.

Explanation: During Khaleda Zia's first term, education was made free for girls up to the 10th grade, alongside making primary education free and mandatory for all.

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Which of the following economic reforms was NOT introduced by Khaleda Zia's first government?

Answer: Introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)

Explanation: While VAT implementation, the Bank Company Act, and a privatization board were introduced, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) was not among the economic reforms of Khaleda Zia's first government.

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How did Khaleda Zia's administration change the election process for city corporation mayors?

Answer: Mayors were directly elected by voters.

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's administration instituted direct elections by voters for city corporation mayors, replacing the prior system where mayors were chosen by ward councillors.

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Prime Ministership: Third Term (2001-2006)

Khaleda Zia's third government (2001-2006) prioritized economic development and the attraction of foreign investment.

Answer: True

Explanation: Economic development, foreign investment, and the restoration of law and order were key focuses during Khaleda Zia's third premiership.

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During Khaleda Zia's third premiership, foreign exchange reserves decreased to below $1 billion.

Answer: False

Explanation: Contrary to the statement, foreign exchange reserves increased during Khaleda Zia's third term, surpassing $3 billion.

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Political instability and uncertainty surrounding the caretaker government precipitated a military intervention at the conclusion of Khaleda Zia's term in 2006.

Answer: True

Explanation: The period at the end of Khaleda Zia's term in 2006 was marked by political instability and ambiguity regarding the caretaker government, which ultimately led to a military-backed takeover.

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Khaleda Zia's foreign policy maintained a strict avoidance of cooperation with India.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's foreign policy, particularly during her visits to India, indicated a willingness to cooperate, including on issues of mutual concern such as combating extremism.

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During her third term in office, Bangladesh's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate surpassed 6 percent.

Answer: True

Explanation: Economic data indicates that GDP growth exceeded 6 percent during Khaleda Zia's third premiership.

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Khaleda Zia's party garnered 46% of the vote share in the October 2001 general election.

Answer: True

Explanation: The BNP-led alliance secured 46% of the popular vote in the October 2001 general election.

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Khaleda Zia's foreign policy incorporated a 'look-east policy' that emphasized regional cooperation.

Answer: True

Explanation: A 'look-east policy' aimed at fostering regional cooperation was a component of Khaleda Zia's foreign policy initiatives.

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Which magazine recognized the achievements of Khaleda Zia's third government (2001-2006)?

Answer: Forbes

Explanation: Forbes magazine acknowledged the accomplishments of Khaleda Zia's administration during its third term (2001-2006).

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What economic indicator saw foreign exchange reserves cross $3 billion during Khaleda Zia's third premiership?

Answer: Foreign exchange reserves

Explanation: Foreign exchange reserves experienced a significant increase, crossing the $3 billion mark during Khaleda Zia's third term as Prime Minister.

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What led to political instability and a military-backed takeover at the end of Khaleda Zia's term in October 2006?

Answer: Uncertainty over the leadership of the caretaker government.

Explanation: Ambiguity regarding the leadership of the caretaker government contributed significantly to the political instability that culminated in a military-backed takeover in October 2006.

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Khaleda Zia's foreign policy emphasized neighborly relations and regional cooperation through which initiative?

Answer: A 'look-east' policy

Explanation: A 'look-east' policy was a key component of Khaleda Zia's foreign strategy, aimed at enhancing regional cooperation.

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During her visit to India in October 2012, what did Khaleda Zia express a desire for?

Answer: To cooperate with India, including in combating extremism.

Explanation: During her 2012 visit to India, Khaleda Zia conveyed a willingness for cooperation, including joint efforts against extremism.

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What was the primary focus of Khaleda Zia's government during her third premiership (2001-2006)?

Answer: Focusing on economic development, foreign investment, and law and order.

Explanation: The primary objectives of Khaleda Zia's government during its third term included fostering economic development, attracting foreign investment, and enhancing law and order.

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Political Landscape, Alliances, and Electoral Performance

The BNP, under Khaleda Zia's leadership, secured a majority in the February 1996 election; however, this parliament was subsequently dissolved due to demands for a neutral caretaker government.

Answer: True

Explanation: The February 1996 election resulted in a BNP majority, but political pressure led to the dissolution of parliament and the establishment of a caretaker government system.

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In the June 1996 general election, the BNP obtained a greater number of seats than Sheikh Hasina's Awami League.

Answer: False

Explanation: In the June 1996 election, the BNP secured fewer seats than the Awami League, although it constituted the largest opposition party in parliamentary history at that point.

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The four-party alliance formed by the BNP in 1999 comprised the Jatiya Party and the Awami League.

Answer: False

Explanation: The four-party alliance formed by the BNP in 1999 included the Jatiya Party, Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, and Islami Oikya Jote, but not the Awami League.

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Khaleda Zia provided strong support for Hussain Muhammad Ershad's military regime.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia was a prominent opponent of Hussain Muhammad Ershad's military regime, actively participating in protests against it.

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Khaleda Zia's decision to boycott the 1986 general election was interpreted as a principled stance against the prevailing military dictatorship.

Answer: True

Explanation: The boycott of the 1986 election by Khaleda Zia was widely seen as a significant act of principled opposition to the military rule.

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The BNP, led by Khaleda Zia, experienced a defeat against the Awami League in the 2008 general election.

Answer: True

Explanation: In the 2008 general election, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) lost to the Awami League.

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The BNP, under Khaleda Zia's leadership, played a minor role in the movement against the Ershad regime.

Answer: False

Explanation: The BNP, under Khaleda Zia, was a principal force in the movement against Hussain Muhammad Ershad's military regime.

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Khaleda Zia's second premiership concluded in October 2006.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's second premiership concluded in March 1996, not October 2006.

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Khaleda Zia's opposition to the military regime of Hussain Muhammad Ershad involved:

Answer: Leading protests and being repeatedly placed under house arrest.

Explanation: Khaleda Zia actively opposed Hussain Muhammad Ershad's military rule through protests and faced repeated detentions, including house arrest.

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The boycott of the 1986 general election by Khaleda Zia was significant because it:

Answer: Strengthened her image as a principled opponent of the dictatorship.

Explanation: By boycotting the 1986 election, Khaleda Zia solidified her reputation as a principled adversary of the military dictatorship, enhancing her public standing.

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What was the approximate voter turnout in the 2014 Bangladeshi general election, boycotted by Khaleda Zia's party?

Answer: Approximately 22%

Explanation: The voter turnout for the 2014 Bangladeshi general election, which was boycotted by Khaleda Zia's party, was approximately 22 percent.

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When did Khaleda Zia's second term as Prime Minister conclude?

Answer: March 1996

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's second term as Prime Minister concluded in March 1996.

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Later Years: Health, Release, and Recognition

Khaleda Zia was released from prison in March 2020 under house arrest, with stipulations preventing international travel.

Answer: True

Explanation: On March 25, 2020, Khaleda Zia was released from prison under house arrest for a period of six months, which included restrictions on international travel.

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Following the 2024 mass uprising, the President ordered Khaleda Zia to remain in detention.

Answer: False

Explanation: Subsequent to the 2024 mass uprising, the President of Bangladesh ordered Khaleda Zia's release, not her continued detention.

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Khaleda Zia was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in November 2021.

Answer: True

Explanation: Medical reports indicated that Khaleda Zia was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in November 2021.

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Khaleda Zia traveled to London for medical treatment in January 2025.

Answer: True

Explanation: In January 2025, Khaleda Zia journeyed to London to receive medical treatment.

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The New Jersey State Senate bestowed upon Khaleda Zia the designation of "Fighter for Democracy" in 2011.

Answer: True

Explanation: In May 2011, the New Jersey State Senate formally recognized Khaleda Zia as a "Fighter for Democracy."

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Khaleda Zia was released from house arrest in August 2024, following a period characterized by political stability.

Answer: False

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's release from house arrest in August 2024 occurred amidst significant political upheaval, not stability.

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Khaleda Zia was honored with the title "Mother of Democracy" by the Canadian Human Rights International Organization (CHRIO).

Answer: True

Explanation: In July 2018, Khaleda Zia received the "Mother of Democracy" award from the Canadian Human Rights International Organization (CHRIO).

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Khaleda Zia was released from prison on August 5, 2024, following the events of the 2024 mass uprising.

Answer: True

Explanation: Following the 2024 mass uprising, Khaleda Zia was released from house arrest on August 5, 2024.

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Under what conditions was Khaleda Zia released from prison on March 25, 2020?

Answer: House arrest for six months, preventing international travel.

Explanation: Khaleda Zia's release on March 25, 2020, was conditional, involving house arrest for six months and prohibiting international travel.

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What happened immediately after the 2024 mass uprising concerning Khaleda Zia's legal status?

Answer: She was ordered released by the President.

Explanation: Following the 2024 mass uprising, the President of Bangladesh issued an order for Khaleda Zia's release.

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a reported health condition of Khaleda Zia?

Answer: Hypertension

Explanation: While chronic kidney conditions, diabetes, and decompensated liver diseases are noted health issues, hypertension is not explicitly listed among her reported conditions in the provided material.

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When did Khaleda Zia travel to London for medical treatment in January 2025?

Answer: January 7th, 2025

Explanation: Khaleda Zia embarked on her medical journey to London on January 7, 2025.

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In May 2011, Khaleda Zia received a special honor from which legislative body?

Answer: The New Jersey State Senate

Explanation: The New Jersey State Senate recognized Khaleda Zia with a special honor in May 2011.

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Which of the following is a university residential hall named in honor of Khaleda Zia?

Answer: The Khaleda Zia Hall at Jahangirnagar University

Explanation: The Khaleda Zia Hall at Jahangirnagar University is one of several university residential halls named in her honor.

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After her release in August 2024, what did Khaleda Zia urge the nation to do?

Answer: To exercise restraint, love, and peace during rebuilding.

Explanation: Upon her release in August 2024, Khaleda Zia encouraged the nation to embrace restraint, love, and peace as it embarked on rebuilding efforts.

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