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The term 'Kingdom of Burgundy' historically refers to a single, continuous political entity throughout the Middle Ages.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'Kingdom of Burgundy' historically refers to various successive kingdoms centered in the region, not a single, continuous entity.
The historical heartland of Burgundy was primarily situated within the territories of modern-day France and Switzerland.
Answer: True
Explanation: The heartland of historical Burgundy is situated in the border area between modern-day France and Switzerland.
The Duchy of Burgundy and the County of Burgundy were among the successor entities to the earlier Burgundian kingdoms.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the existence of various kingdoms named Burgundy, successor entities included the Duchy of Burgundy and the County of Burgundy.
The Burgundians first settled in Roman Gaul in the region of Sapaudia, not Alsace.
Answer: True
Explanation: After migrating from the Middle Rhine, the Burgundians settled in the territory of Sapaudia, which corresponds to modern-day western Switzerland and northeastern France.
Gjúki, also known as Gebicca, is recognized as the first documented, though not historically verified, King of the Burgundians.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first documented king of the Burgundians was Gjúki, also known as Gebicca, who lived during the late 4th century.
Around the year 406, the Burgundians settled within Roman territory as *foederati*, a status that implied alliance and service rather than independent rule.
Answer: True
Explanation: Around the year 406, the Burgundians settled as *foederati*, meaning they were allied groups permitted to settle within Roman territory, serving as auxiliary troops.
King Gunther's invasions around 430 AD led to a significant conflict with Roman and Hunnic forces led by Flavius Aetius.
Answer: True
Explanation: Around 430 AD, King Gunther initiated invasions into Gallia Belgica, resulting in a severe defeat by Roman and Hunnic forces led by Flavius Aetius in 436.
Following their defeat in 436, the surviving Burgundians were resettled in the Sapaudia region, not Gallia Belgica.
Answer: True
Explanation: From 443 onwards, the surviving Burgundians were resettled in the Sapaudia region, continuing their status as *foederati*.
King Gundobad is credited with organizing the Burgundian legal framework through the *Lex Burgundionum*, a code of early Germanic law.
Answer: True
Explanation: King Gundobad established the *Lex Burgundionum*, a code of Early Germanic law, which helped structure the kingdom's legal framework.
The decline and eventual annexation of the first Kingdom of the Burgundians were primarily caused by external military pressure from the Franks, not internal succession disputes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first Kingdom of the Burgundians declined due to attacks from the Franks, culminating in annexation in 534, rather than internal succession disputes.
What historical entities are referred to by the term 'Kingdom of Burgundy'?
Answer: Various successive kingdoms in the historical region of Burgundy during the Middle Ages.
Explanation: The term 'Kingdom of Burgundy' historically refers to various successive kingdoms centered in the region, not a single, continuous entity.
Which modern countries contain the heartland of the historical region of Burgundy?
Answer: France and Switzerland
Explanation: The heartland of historical Burgundy is situated in the border area between modern-day France and Switzerland.
The name 'Burgundy' originates from which Germanic tribe?
Answer: The Burgundians
Explanation: The region and its kingdoms are named after the Burgundians, a Germanic tribe.
Where did the Burgundians initially settle after migrating from the Middle Rhine?
Answer: The territory of Sapaudia
Explanation: After migrating from the Middle Rhine, the Burgundians settled in the territory of Sapaudia, corresponding to modern western Switzerland and northeastern France.
What was the status of the Burgundians around the year 406 when they settled along the Middle Rhine?
Answer: They served as auxiliary troops within Roman territory as *foederati*.
Explanation: Around the year 406, the Burgundians settled as *foederati*, meaning they were allied groups permitted to settle within Roman territory, serving as auxiliary troops.
What significant event occurred around 430 AD involving King Gunther and Roman forces?
Answer: Gunther initiated invasions into Gallia Belgica, resulting in a severe defeat by Roman and Hunnic forces led by Flavius Aetius.
Explanation: Around 430 AD, King Gunther initiated invasions into Gallia Belgica, leading to a severe defeat by Roman and Hunnic forces led by Flavius Aetius in 436.
Following their defeat in 436, where were the surviving Burgundians resettled?
Answer: In the Sapaudia region
Explanation: From 443 onwards, the surviving Burgundians were resettled in the Sapaudia region, continuing their status as *foederati*.
What legal code is attributed to King Gundobad?
Answer: The Lex Burgundionum
Explanation: King Gundobad is credited with organizing the Burgundian legal framework through the *Lex Burgundionum*, a code of Early Germanic law.
What was the primary reason for the decline and eventual annexation of the first Kingdom of the Burgundians by the Frankish Empire?
Answer: Attacks from the Franks, culminating in a defeat at Autun in 532.
Explanation: The first Kingdom of the Burgundians declined due to attacks from the Franks, culminating in annexation in 534, rather than internal succession disputes.
King Gundobad allied with Clovis I to counter the threat posed by Theoderic the Great after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Answer: True
Explanation: After the Western Roman Empire collapsed, King Gundobad allied with Clovis I of the Franks to counter the threat from Theoderic the Great.
Queen Clotilde played a role in the Frankish conquest of Burgundy by influencing her sons against the Burgundian lands.
Answer: True
Explanation: Queen Clotilde instigated her sons, the sons of Clovis I, to campaign against the Burgundian lands, significantly contributing to the Frankish conquest.
After its annexation in 534, Burgundy retained significant political importance within the Frankish Empire.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following its annexation in 534, Burgundy remained a significant political entity, forming a core part of the Frankish realm.
Several Merovingian rulers held the title 'King of Burgundy' during specific periods.
Answer: True
Explanation: Merovingian rulers did hold the title 'King of Burgundy' during specific periods, notably between 561-592 and 639-737.
The Treaty of Verdun in 843 resulted in the division of Charlemagne's empire, creating a kingdom ruled by Lothair I that included Burgundy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided Charlemagne's empire, creating Middle Francia under Lothair I, which encompassed Burgundian territories.
Emperor Lothair I divided his kingdom before his death in 855 among his three sons, not solely between his eldest and youngest.
Answer: True
Explanation: Emperor Lothair I divided his kingdom among his three sons before his death in 855, creating Lotharingia, the Kingdom of Italy, and regions of Lower Burgundy and Provence.
Count Girart II of Vienne acted as regent for Charles of Provence, not Louis the German.
Answer: True
Explanation: Count Girart II of Vienne served as the regent for Charles of Provence during his minority.
After Charles of Provence's death in 863, his kingdom was divided between his two surviving brothers, Lothair II and Louis II.
Answer: True
Explanation: Upon Charles of Provence's death in 863, his kingdom was divided between his surviving brothers, Lothair II and Louis II.
The Treaty of Meerssen in 870 assigned the northern lands of the former Middle Francia to East Francia, and the southern lands to Charles the Bald of West Francia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Treaty of Meerssen in 870 allocated the northern territories of Middle Francia to East Francia and the southern lands to Charles the Bald of West Francia.
The map showing Burgundy as part of the Frankish Empire covers the period from 534 to 843.
Answer: True
Explanation: The map illustrating Burgundy's integration into the Frankish Empire covers the period between 534 and 843.
Which powerful Frankish ruler did King Gundobad ally with after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Clovis I
Explanation: After the Western Roman Empire collapsed, King Gundobad allied with Clovis I of the Franks to counter the threat from Theoderic the Great.
What role did Queen Clotilde play in the Frankish conquest of Burgundy?
Answer: She advised her sons, the sons of Clovis I, to campaign against the Burgundian lands.
Explanation: Queen Clotilde instigated her sons, the sons of Clovis I, to campaign against the Burgundian lands, significantly contributing to the Frankish conquest.
After its annexation in 534, Burgundy's political status within the Frankish Empire was:
Answer: A significant political entity forming a core part of the Frankish realm.
Explanation: Following its annexation in 534, Burgundy remained a significant political entity, forming a core part of the Frankish realm.
Which treaty in 843 led to the division of Charlemagne's empire and the creation of Middle Francia?
Answer: Treaty of Verdun
Explanation: The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided Charlemagne's empire, creating Middle Francia under Lothair I, which encompassed Burgundian territories.
How was the northwestern part of the former Burgundian lands organized after the Treaty of Verdun?
Answer: As the Duchy of Burgundy
Explanation: The northwestern portion of the former Burgundian lands became part of West Francia, organized as the Duchy of Burgundy.
Who served as the regent for Charles of Provence, defending the kingdom during his minority?
Answer: Count Girart II of Vienne
Explanation: Count Girart II of Vienne served as the regent for Charles of Provence during his minority and actively defended the kingdom.
What happened to the kingdom of Charles of Provence after his death in 863?
Answer: It was divided between his surviving brothers, Lothair II and Louis II.
Explanation: Upon Charles of Provence's death in 863, his kingdom was divided between his surviving brothers, Lothair II and Louis II.
According to the Treaty of Meerssen (870), which kingdom received the northern territories of the former Middle Francia?
Answer: East Francia
Explanation: The Treaty of Meerssen in 870 allocated the northern territories of Middle Francia to East Francia.
Boso of Provence proclaimed himself 'King of Burgundy and Provence' in 879 at Vienne, not Lyon.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 879, Boso of Provence proclaimed himself 'King of Burgundy and Provence' at Vienne.
Rudolph I of Burgundy established the kingdom of Upper Burgundy, while Louis the Blind, son of Boso, ruled Lower Burgundy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Rudolph I established Upper Burgundy, and Louis the Blind, son of Boso, became king of Lower Burgundy.
Who proclaimed himself 'King of Burgundy and Provence' in 879, establishing an independent kingdom?
Answer: Boso of Provence
Explanation: In 879, Boso of Provence proclaimed himself 'King of Burgundy and Provence' at Vienne, establishing an independent kingdom.
What does the map titled 'The Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy between 879 and 933' visually represent?
Answer: The territories of the Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy.
Explanation: This map visually delineates the territories of the Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy during the timeframe spanning from 879 to 933.
Rudolph II acquired Lower Burgundy in 933, merging the two kingdoms into a single Kingdom of Burgundy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Rudolph II acquired Lower Burgundy in 933, merging the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy into a single entity.
The independent Kingdom of Burgundy ceased to exist in 1032 when it was absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire, not the Kingdom of France.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Kingdom of Burgundy ceased to exist independently in 1032, being absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire under Emperor Conrad II.
The medieval Holy Roman Empire consisted of the Kingdom of Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Kingdom of Burgundy (also known as Arles).
Answer: True
Explanation: The medieval Holy Roman Empire comprised the Kingdoms of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy (later known as Arles).
Emperor Charles IV performed a Burgundian coronation ceremony in Arles in 1365, while Frederick I did so in 1178.
Answer: True
Explanation: Emperor Charles IV performed a coronation ceremony in Arles in 1365, and Emperor Frederick I did so in 1178.
The imperial diet convened by Frederick I in Besancon in 1157 aimed to highlight, not diminish, the importance of the Kingdom of Burgundy within the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: True
Explanation: The imperial diet convened by Frederick I in Besancon in 1157 served to emphasize the significance of the *regnum Burgundiae* within the Holy Roman Empire.
The map labeled 'Kingdom of Arles (after 1032)' depicts the Second Kingdom of Burgundy, also known as the Kingdom of Arles.
Answer: True
Explanation: The map labeled 'Kingdom of Arles (after 1032)' depicts the Second Kingdom of Burgundy, also known as the Kingdom of Arles.
How were the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy eventually unified?
Answer: By Rudolph II acquiring Lower Burgundy in 933.
Explanation: Rudolph II acquired Lower Burgundy in 933, merging the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy into a single entity.
When did the independent Kingdom of Burgundy cease to exist, and what entity absorbed it?
Answer: 1032, absorbed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Explanation: The Kingdom of Burgundy ceased to exist independently in 1032, being absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire under Emperor Conrad II.
Which of the following was NOT one of the three constituent kingdoms of the medieval Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: Kingdom of France
Explanation: The three kingdoms that constituted the medieval Holy Roman Empire were Germany, Italy, and Burgundy (Arles), not France.
How did the Kingdom of Arles (Second Kingdom of Burgundy) fragment over time?
Answer: By division among heirs, diplomatic means, and dynastic marriages.
Explanation: The Kingdom of Arles gradually fragmented through divisions among heirs, diplomatic means, and dynastic marriages.
Which Holy Roman Emperors are noted for performing coronation ceremonies in Arles?
Answer: Frederick I and Charles IV
Explanation: Emperors Frederick I and Charles IV are noted for performing coronation ceremonies in Arles.
What was the significance of the imperial diet convened by Frederick I in Besancon in 1157?
Answer: It highlighted the importance of the *regnum Burgundiae* within the Holy Roman Empire.
Explanation: The imperial diet convened by Frederick I in Besancon in 1157 served to emphasize the significance of the *regnum Burgundiae* within the Holy Roman Empire.
The map labeled 'Kingdom of Arles (after 1032)' depicts which entity?
Answer: The Second Kingdom of Burgundy.
Explanation: The map labeled 'Kingdom of Arles (after 1032)' depicts the Second Kingdom of Burgundy, also known as the Kingdom of Arles.
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, sought to consolidate his territories into a single kingdom in the late 15th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the late 15th century, Charles the Bold aimed to consolidate his diverse territories into a unified kingdom.
The planned coronation of Charles the Bold as King of Burgundy did not occur because Emperor Frederick III fled the meeting due to displeasure with Charles's demeanor.
Answer: True
Explanation: The planned coronation of Charles the Bold at Trier did not occur as Emperor Frederick III reportedly fled the meeting due to displeasure with Charles's demeanor.
The Duchy of Burgundy's independent existence concluded with the Battle of Nancy in 1477, resulting in the death of Charles the Bold.
Answer: True
Explanation: The independent existence of the Duchy of Burgundy ended with the death of Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy in 1477.
What project did Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, conceive in the late 15th century?
Answer: To revive the Kingdom of Burgundy by consolidating his territories.
Explanation: In the late 15th century, Charles the Bold aimed to consolidate his diverse territories into a unified kingdom.
Why did the planned coronation of Charles the Bold as King of Burgundy at Trier not take place?
Answer: Emperor Frederick III fled the meeting due to displeasure with Charles's demeanor.
Explanation: The planned coronation of Charles the Bold at Trier did not occur as Emperor Frederick III reportedly fled the meeting due to displeasure with Charles's demeanor.
The independent existence of the Duchy of Burgundy ended when?
Answer: After the Battle of Nancy in 1477, with the death of Charles the Bold.
Explanation: The independent existence of the Duchy of Burgundy ended with the death of Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy in 1477.