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The Kingdom of Croatia was consistently under direct Imperial Austrian rule throughout its entire existence from 1527 to 1868, without any association with the Hungarian Crown.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kingdom of Croatia was primarily part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown, though it also experienced periods of direct Imperial Austrian rule, particularly after 1804.
Franz Joseph I was the first king of the Kingdom of Croatia under Habsburg rule, beginning his reign in 1527.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ferdinand I was the first king of the Kingdom of Croatia under Habsburg rule, beginning his reign in 1527, while Franz Joseph I reigned much later, from 1848 to 1868.
The Croatian nobility chose Ferdinand I of Habsburg as their king in 1527 after the Battle of Mohács, which resulted in the defeat of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the defeat of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Croatian Parliament in Cetin elected Ferdinand I of Habsburg as their king on January 1, 1527.
By the end of the 16th century, Ottoman expansion had reduced Croatian territory under Habsburg rule to approximately 7,700 square miles.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ottoman expansion in the 16th century significantly reduced Croatian territory under Habsburg rule to approximately 20,000 square kilometers (7,700 square miles) within 25 years.
The Battle of Szigetvár in 1566 was a decisive Ottoman victory that allowed Suleiman the Magnificent's forces to quickly advance and capture Vienna.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Battle of Szigetvár was an Ottoman victory, the month-long resistance by Nikola IV Zrinski and his forces decimated the Ottoman army, buying critical time for Austrian forces and preventing the Ottomans from reaching Vienna.
The Military Frontier was established to encourage a homogeneous Croatian population by strictly limiting settlement to native Croats.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Military Frontier was established with the demographic consequence of encouraging the settlement of diverse ethnic groups, including Serbs, Germans, and other Slavs, due to its depopulation and dangerous proximity to Ottoman armies.
The Croatian and Slovenian peasant revolt of 1573 successfully overthrew several feudal lords and led to significant reforms in taxation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Croatian and Slovenian peasant revolt of 1573 was quickly crushed by early February, and its leaders, including Matija Gubec, were publicly executed, failing to achieve its objectives.
The Great Turkish War concluded in 1699, resulting in the Ottoman Empire being driven out of Ottoman Hungary and Croatia, allowing Austria to centralize control over these territories.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Great Turkish War indeed concluded by 1699, leading to the expulsion of the Ottoman Empire from Ottoman Hungary and Croatia and enabling Austria to centralize control over the recovered territories.
The term 'reliquiae reliquiarum olim magni et inclyti regni Croatiae' was used to describe the extensive territorial gains made by Croatia after the Great Turkish War.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Latin phrase 'reliquiae reliquiarum olim magni et inclyti regni Croatiae' was used to describe the severe territorial losses suffered by Croatia, signifying the 'remnants of remnants of the once great and renowned Kingdom of Croatia' after Ottoman expansion.
Which of the following political entities was the Kingdom of Croatia primarily associated with from 1527 to 1868?
Answer: The Lands of the Hungarian Crown
Who was the first king of the Kingdom of Croatia under Habsburg rule?
Answer: Ferdinand I
What event immediately preceded the Croatian nobility's election of Ferdinand I of Habsburg as their king in 1527?
Answer: The defeat of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács
By the 16th century, Ottoman expansion had reduced the Croatian territory under Habsburg rule to approximately what size?
Answer: Approximately 20,000 square kilometers
What was the primary outcome of the Battle of Szigetvár in 1566 for the Austrian forces?
Answer: It bought critical time for Austrian forces to regroup, preventing the Ottomans from reaching Vienna.
The establishment of the Military Frontier by royal orders in 1553 and 1578 led to what demographic consequence?
Answer: The area becoming depopulated, followed by the settlement of diverse ethnic groups.
What was the outcome of the Croatian and Slovenian peasant revolt of 1573?
Answer: It was quickly crushed, and its leaders were publicly executed.
When was the Ottoman Empire driven out of Ottoman Hungary and Croatia, allowing Austria to centralize control?
Answer: 1699
What was the historical context of the 1527 election in Cetin?
Answer: The defeat of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács.
The Latin phrase 'reliquiae reliquiarum olim magni et inclyti regni Croatiae' was used to describe what situation for Croatia?
Answer: Its severe territorial losses to the Ottoman Empire.
Which historical entities preceded the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)?
Answer: The Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary
Latin was the sole official language of the Kingdom of Croatia from 1790 until its dissolution in 1868.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Latin was an official language from 1790 to 1847, Croatian became the official language from 1847 until the kingdom's dissolution in 1868.
Varaždin served as the capital of the Kingdom of Croatia for a continuous period of twenty years between 1756 and 1776.
Answer: True
Explanation: Varaždin indeed served as the capital of the Kingdom of Croatia from 1756 to 1776, after which the capital returned to Zagreb.
The Kingdom of Slavonia was formed in 1745 from territories recovered from the Ottoman Empire and was immediately integrated as an equal, independent entity within the Kingdom of Croatia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kingdom of Slavonia, formed in 1745, was incorporated into the Kingdom of Croatia as an autonomous, subordinate entity, not an equal and independent one.
Empress Maria Theresa abolished the Croatian Royal Council in 1779, reducing Croatia's representation to a single seat in the Royal Hungarian Council of Lieutenancy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Empress Maria Theresa abolished the Croatian Royal Council in 1779, subsequently reducing Croatia's representation to a single seat, held by the ban, in the Royal Hungarian Council of Lieutenancy.
For most of the Habsburg rule until 1848, the Kingdom of Croatia was primarily divided into five counties.
Answer: False
Explanation: For most of the Habsburg rule until 1848, the Kingdom of Croatia was primarily divided into three counties: Zagreb, Varaždin, and Križevci.
The Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces annexed the entire Zagreb County, including the city of Zagreb, after the 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces annexed most of Zagreb County, but specifically excluded the city of Zagreb itself and areas north of the Sava River.
The 'Pragmatic Sanction of 1712' signed by the Croatian Parliament was a declaration of independence from Habsburg rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Pragmatic Sanction of 1712' signed by the Croatian Parliament was a declaration of support for the Habsburg succession, specifically for Emperor Charles VI's Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, not a declaration of independence.
Empress Maria Theresa granted the independent port of Rijeka (Fiume) to Hungary in 1776.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa granted the independent port of Rijeka (Fiume) to Croatia, not to Hungary.
What was the official language in the Kingdom of Croatia from 1847 until its dissolution in 1868?
Answer: Croatian
Which city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Croatia from 1756 to 1776?
Answer: Varaždin
How was the Kingdom of Slavonia incorporated into the Kingdom of Croatia after its formation in 1745?
Answer: As an autonomous, subordinate entity
What administrative reform did Maria Theresa implement regarding the Croatian Royal Council in 1779?
Answer: She abolished it and reduced Croatia to one seat in the Royal Hungarian Council of Lieutenancy.
For most of the Habsburg rule until 1848, the Kingdom of Croatia was primarily divided into how many counties?
Answer: Three
What happened to the coastal area of Croatia in the late 18th century regarding its administrative status?
Answer: It was attached to the Corpus separatum of Fiume as the Hungarian or Croatian Littoral.
Which of the following territories was NOT part of the Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces' annexation from Zagreb County?
Answer: Zagreb itself
Which cities and regions were included in Zagreb County around 1842?
Answer: Zagreb, Turopolje, Karlovac, and Sissek
What was the purpose of the 'Pragmatic Sanction of 1712' signed by the Croatian Parliament?
Answer: To support the Habsburg succession, specifically for Emperor Charles VI's Pragmatic Sanction.
In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa granted the independent port of Rijeka (Fiume) to which entity?
Answer: Croatia
The Illyrian movement initially focused on political independence and only later developed cultural objectives.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Illyrian movement initially focused on cultural objectives, such as the advancement and standardization of the Croatian language, before evolving to include political goals in the 1840s.
Ljudevit Gaj was a key figure in the Illyrian movement, primarily known for his military leadership during the Croatian national revival.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ljudevit Gaj was a key figure in the Illyrian movement, primarily known for his crucial role in reforming and standardizing the Croatian language, not for military leadership.
Chancellor Klemens von Metternich's royal order in 1843 successfully halted the Illyrian movement's progress by banning its name and insignia.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Chancellor Metternich issued a royal order in 1843 banning the Illyrian name and insignia, this measure ultimately failed to halt the movement's progress and societal changes.
Ban Josip Jelačić led a successful military campaign into Hungary during the Revolutions of 1848, cooperating with the Austrians to suppress the Hungarian Revolution.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ban Josip Jelačić did cooperate with the Austrians during the Revolutions of 1848, leading a military campaign into Hungary to suppress the Hungarian Revolution, achieving success until the Battle of Pákozd.
The abolition of serfdom by Ban Jelačić in Croatia led to an increase in the power of major landowners and prevented the subdivision of arable land.
Answer: False
Explanation: The abolition of serfdom by Ban Jelačić significantly reduced the power of major landowners and led to the increasing subdivision of arable land, rather than preventing it.
The Illyrian movement eventually split into two main causes: a Croatian national cause and a pan-South-Slavic, Yugoslav cause.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Illyrian movement, being both nationalist and pan-Slavist, indeed developed into a Croatian national cause and a broader pan-South-Slavic, Yugoslav cause.
What were the initial primary goals of the Illyrian movement in the 1830s?
Answer: Advancement and standardization of the Croatian language and culture.
Who was a prominent figure in the Croatian national revival, known for reforming and standardizing the Croatian language?
Answer: Ljudevit Gaj
How did Chancellor Klemens von Metternich attempt to suppress the Illyrian movement in 1843?
Answer: By issuing a royal order forbidding the use of the Illyrian name and insignia.
What was Ban Josip Jelačić's role during the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire?
Answer: He cooperated with the Austrians, leading a military campaign to suppress the Hungarian Revolution.
What was a long-term societal consequence of Ban Jelačić's abolition of serfdom in Croatia?
Answer: Increasing subdivision of arable land and risk of famine.
The Illyrian movement eventually developed into which two major causes?
Answer: A Croatian national cause and a pan-South-Slavic, Yugoslav cause.
The Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868 granted the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia complete financial independence from Hungary.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868 granted autonomy in several areas, but Hungary maintained significant financial control, directing 55% of all tax money to Budapest.
After the Revolutions of 1848, the Slavonian Syrmia County became part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the Revolutions of 1848, the Slavonian Syrmia County indeed became part of the self-declared Serbian Vojvodina and later officially part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar.
The Sabor, or Croatian Parliament, played a role in the government of the Kingdom of Croatia, particularly in appointing the Ban's Council between 1848 and 1850.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Sabor, or Croatian Parliament, indeed played a role in the government, specifically in appointing the Ban's Council between 1848 and 1850, before direct Austrian imperial control was imposed.
The 'Nagodba' was an agreement in 1868 that led to the complete independence of Croatia from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Nagodba' (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) of 1868 granted autonomy to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but it did not lead to complete independence.
Križevci County was dissolved after 1854, with its territory absorbed by Zagreb and Varaždin counties.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the subdivision restructuring after 1854, Križevci County was indeed dissolved, and its territory was partitioned and absorbed by Zagreb and Varaždin counties.
The Kingdom of Dalmatia was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia as part of the Hungarian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the 1868 Settlement.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Dalmatia remained a separate crown land within the Austrian part of the empire, not joined with Croatia-Slavonia in the Hungarian half.
Ivan Karlović was the last Ban of Croatia under Habsburg rule, serving until 1868.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ivan Karlović was the *first* Ban of Croatia under Habsburg rule, serving from 1527 to 1531, not the last Ban until 1868.
The Imperial-Royal Croatian-Slavonian Lieutenancy was a governing body in Zagreb from 1854 to 1861, operating under the Austrian Ministry of Interior.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Imperial-Royal Croatian-Slavonian Lieutenancy was indeed the main governing body in Zagreb from 1854 to 1861, operating under the Austrian Ministry of Interior, reflecting a period of direct Austrian control.
The Royal Croatian-Slavonian Court Chancellery was established in Vienna after the fall of Bach's absolutism and functioned as a Croatian-Slavonian government body until 1868.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Royal Croatian-Slavonian Court Chancellery was indeed established in Vienna after the fall of Bach's absolutism (following the October Diploma of 1860 and the February Patent of 1861) and served as a Croatian-Slavonian government body until 1868.
The Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Royal Council of Lieutenancy was established in 1861 and successfully integrated Dalmatia into the Croatian-Slavonian government.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Royal Council of Lieutenancy was established in 1861, Dalmatia remained a separate crown land within the Austrian Empire and was not integrated into the Croatian-Slavonian government.
What was a significant limitation of the autonomy granted to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the 1868 Settlement?
Answer: Hungary maintained authority over Rijeka, the largest seaport.
What was the status of the Kingdom of Dalmatia after the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868?
Answer: It remained a crown land within the Austrian part of the empire.
What was the role of the 'Royal Croatian-Slavonian Court Chancellery' established after the fall of Bach's absolutism?
Answer: It was a Croatian-Slavonian government body in Vienna until 1868.
According to 1802 data, Eastern Orthodox Christians constituted the majority of the population in the Kingdom of Croatia.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to 1802 data, the population of the Kingdom of Croatia was predominantly Roman Catholic, comprising 98.8% of the population, with Eastern Orthodox Christians accounting for 1.2%.
The Croatian tricolor flag of red, white, and blue was adopted in 1848 and remained in continuous official use until the Kingdom of Croatia's dissolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Croatian tricolor flag was adopted in 1848, it was banned by the imperial Austrian government in 1852 and only officially regained its status after the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868.
The Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) was succeeded by the Kingdom of Dalmatia and the Military Frontier.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) was succeeded by the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and the City of Fiume, following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868.
Today, parts of the former Kingdom of Croatia are located exclusively within the modern-day country of Croatia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Today, parts of the former Kingdom of Croatia are located within both modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, not exclusively within Croatia.
According to the 1857 census, which religious group constituted the overwhelming majority in the Kingdom of Croatia?
Answer: Roman Catholics
What was the new official flag adopted by the Kingdom of Croatia in 1848?
Answer: The Croatian tricolor of red, white, and blue.
Why was the Croatian tricolor flag banned by the imperial Austrian government in 1852?
Answer: It had never been officially recognized as an official symbol.
When did the Croatian tricolor flag regain official status after its ban in 1852?
Answer: 1861
What was the primary religion practiced by the majority of the population in the Kingdom of Croatia?
Answer: Catholic Church