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The Koho language is primarily classified as a North Bahnaric language, a branch of the Sino-Tibetan family.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Koho language is classified as a South Bahnaric language, belonging to the larger Austroasiatic language family, not North Bahnaric or Sino-Tibetan.
According to the 2019 census, the Koho language had approximately 200,000 native speakers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2019 census data indicates that the Koho language had an estimated 200,000 native speakers.
The autonym for the Kơho people is *kon cau*, transcribed as [kɔn.caw] in IPA.
Answer: True
Explanation: The self-designation for the Kơho people is indeed *kon cau*, with the specified IPA transcription.
The name 'Koho' is an autonym, meaning it is a self-designation used by the Koho people themselves.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Koho' is a Cham exonym, meaning it was given by an external group, while the autonym for the Kơho people is *kon cau*.
The Koho language utilizes the Cyrillic script for its writing system.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Koho language uses the Latin script for its writing system, not the Cyrillic script.
The ISO 639-3 code 'kpm' is associated with Kơho, while 'cma' is for Maa.
Answer: True
Explanation: The ISO 639-3 codes correctly identify 'kpm' for Kơho and 'cma' for Maa.
Glottolog identifies the Koho language with the code 'koho1243'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Glottolog database assigns the identifier 'koho1243' to the Koho language.
The phonological data for the Koho language in the source was provided by a study from 2005.
Answer: False
Explanation: The phonological data for the Koho language was provided by Olsen (2015), not a study from 2005.
Bahnaric languages, including Koho, are part of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bahnaric languages, including Koho, belong to the Austroasiatic language family, not the Sino-Tibetan family.
Within the Bahnaric family, Koho is specifically grouped under North Bahnaric.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koho is classified under the South Bahnaric subgroup, specifically Sre–Mnong, within the Bahnaric family, not North Bahnaric.
The Koho language is spoken in the Lâm Đồng Province of Vietnam.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Koho language is indeed primarily spoken in Vietnam, specifically within the Lâm Đồng Province.
What is the primary classification of the Koho language?
Answer: A South Bahnaric language
Explanation: The Koho language is classified as a South Bahnaric language, a branch of the larger Austroasiatic language family.
In which country and province is the Koho language primarily spoken?
Answer: Vietnam, Lâm Đồng Province
Explanation: The Koho language is predominantly spoken in Vietnam, specifically within the Lâm Đồng Province.
According to the 2019 census, how many native speakers did the Koho language have?
Answer: 200,000
Explanation: The 2019 census reported approximately 200,000 native speakers for the Koho language.
What is the autonym for the Kơho people?
Answer: *kon cau*
Explanation: The autonym, or self-designation, for the Kơho people is *kon cau*.
What is the origin of the name 'Koho' for the language?
Answer: It is a Cham exonym.
Explanation: The name 'Koho' is an exonym, specifically derived from the Cham language.
What writing system is used for the Koho language?
Answer: Latin script
Explanation: The Koho language employs the Latin script for its written form.
What are the ISO 639-3 codes associated with Kơho and Maa, respectively?
Answer: 'kpm' and 'cma'
Explanation: The ISO 639-3 codes are 'kpm' for Kơho and 'cma' for Maa.
Who provided the phonological data for the Koho language presented in the source?
Answer: Olsen (2015)
Explanation: The phonological data for the Koho language was provided by Olsen (2015).
To which larger language family do Bahnaric languages, including Koho, belong?
Answer: Austroasiatic
Explanation: Bahnaric languages, including Koho, are part of the larger Austroasiatic language family.
What is the specific subgrouping of Koho within the Bahnaric family?
Answer: South Bahnaric, specifically Sre–Mnong
Explanation: Within the Bahnaric family, Koho is specifically grouped under South Bahnaric, as part of the Sre–Mnong subgroup.
Which of the following is listed as an alternative spelling or name for the Koho language in the infobox?
Answer: K'Ho
Explanation: The infobox lists 'K'Ho' as an alternative spelling for the Koho language, along with 'Sre' as another name.
What is the Glottolog identifier for the Koho language?
Answer: koho1243
Explanation: The Glottolog identifier for the Koho language is 'koho1243'.
The Koho language is exclusively spoken by the Koho people in Vietnam.
Answer: False
Explanation: While predominantly spoken in Vietnam by the Koho people, the language is also spoken by the Mạ people, who identify as a separate ethnic group.
There are only five distinct Kơho dialect groups recognized.
Answer: False
Explanation: There are at least twelve distinct Kơho dialect groups recognized, indicating a greater diversity than five.
The Mạ people consider themselves a separate ethnic group, despite their language being classified as a Koho dialect.
Answer: True
Explanation: Despite linguistic classification, the Mạ people maintain a distinct ethnic identity, viewing themselves as separate from the Koho.
How many distinct dialect groups are recognized for the Kơho language?
Answer: At least twelve
Explanation: There are at least twelve recognized Kơho dialect groups.
Which of the following is a notable characteristic of the Mạ/Maa dialect group in relation to the Koho people?
Answer: The Mạ people identify as a separate ethnic group despite linguistic ties.
Explanation: Despite Mạ/Maa being a Koho dialect, the Mạ people consider themselves a distinct ethnic group.
Which ethnic groups are noted to speak the Koho language?
Answer: The Koho people and the Mạ people
Explanation: The Koho language is spoken by both the Koho people and the Mạ people.
Which of the following is a Kơho dialect group mentioned in the source?
Answer: Sre
Explanation: Sre is listed as one of the recognized Kơho dialect groups.
The Koho language includes aspirated bilabial initial stop consonants like /pʰ/.
Answer: True
Explanation: Koho's bilabial initial stop consonants include the aspirated /pʰ/, among others such as /p/, /b/, and /ɓ/.
The alveolar initial consonants in Koho do not include any fricatives.
Answer: False
Explanation: The alveolar initial consonants in Koho do include a fricative, specifically /s/, in addition to stops, nasals, a rhotic, and an approximant.
The palatal initial consonants in Koho include a voiced stop /ɟ/ and a nasal /ɲ/.
Answer: True
Explanation: The palatal initial consonant inventory of Koho indeed features the voiced stop /ɟ/ and the nasal /ɲ/, alongside other palatal sounds.
Koho possesses only one glottal initial consonant, the glottal stop /ʔ/.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koho possesses two glottal initial consonants: the glottal stop /ʔ/ and the fricative /h/.
The phoneme /r/ in Koho is always pronounced as a voiced alveolar trill [r], without any variation.
Answer: False
Explanation: While /r/ is commonly a voiced alveolar trill [r], it frequently reduces to a flap [ɾ] when it appears as the second sound in a consonant cluster.
The bilabial final consonants in Koho include the stop /p/, the nasal /m/, and the approximant /w/.
Answer: True
Explanation: The bilabial final consonants in Koho are accurately listed as the stop /p/, the nasal /m/, and the approximant /w/.
Koho lacks any palatal final consonants.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koho does possess palatal final consonants, including the stop /c/, the nasal /ɲ/, and the approximant /j/.
The term 'bilabial' in 'bilabial stops' refers to consonants produced using only one lip.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bilabial consonants are produced by blocking airflow with *both* lips, not just one.
An alveolar consonant is articulated with the tongue against the hard palate.
Answer: False
Explanation: An alveolar consonant is articulated with the tongue against the superior alveolar ridge (gum ridge), whereas articulation against the hard palate defines a palatal consonant.
The velar final consonants in Koho include the stop /k/ and the nasal /ŋ/.
Answer: True
Explanation: The velar final consonants in Koho are correctly identified as the stop /k/ and the nasal /ŋ/.
Which of the following is a bilabial initial stop consonant in Koho?
Answer: /b/
Explanation: The bilabial initial stop consonants in Koho include /p/, /pʰ/, /b/, and /ɓ/. Among the options, /b/ is a bilabial initial stop.
Which of these is an alveolar initial consonant found in Koho?
Answer: /s/
Explanation: The alveolar initial consonants in Koho include /t/, /tʰ/, /d/, /ɗ/, /n/, /s/, /r/, and /l/. Among the options, /s/ is an alveolar initial consonant.
What is the typical pronunciation of the phoneme /r/ in Koho when it appears as the second sound in a consonant cluster?
Answer: A flap [ɾ]
Explanation: When /r/ appears as the second sound in a consonant cluster, it frequently reduces to a flap [ɾ].
Which of the following is a bilabial final consonant in Koho?
Answer: /w/
Explanation: The bilabial final consonants in Koho include /p/, /m/, and /w/. Among the options, /w/ is a bilabial final consonant.
What defines a bilabial stop consonant?
Answer: Airflow blocked by both lips.
Explanation: Bilabial stops are consonants produced by completely blocking the airflow using both lips.
What is an alveolar consonant?
Answer: A consonant articulated with the tongue against the superior alveolar ridge.
Explanation: An alveolar consonant is articulated with the tongue against the superior alveolar ridge, the gum ridge behind the upper front teeth.
Which of the following is a palatal initial consonant found in Koho?
Answer: /ɟ/
Explanation: The palatal initial consonants in Koho include /c/, /cʰ/, /ɟ/, /ɲ/, and /j/. Among the options, /ɟ/ is a palatal initial consonant.
What are the glottal initial consonants present in Koho?
Answer: /ʔ/ and /h/
Explanation: Koho possesses two glottal initial consonants: the glottal stop /ʔ/ and the fricative /h/.
Which of the following is an alveolar final consonant in Koho?
Answer: /n/
Explanation: The alveolar final consonants in Koho include /t/, /n/, /s/, /r/, and /l/. Among the options, /n/ is an alveolar final consonant.
What defines a palatal consonant?
Answer: Articulated with the middle part of the tongue against the hard palate.
Explanation: A palatal consonant is articulated with the middle part of the tongue against the hard palate.
A palatal offglide [Vʲ] occurs after the vowel before palatal final consonants /c/ and /ɲ/ in Koho.
Answer: True
Explanation: An audible palatal offglide [Vʲ] is indeed observed after the vowel when it precedes palatal final consonants /c/ and /ɲ/.
Vowel length does not play a role in distinguishing words in the Koho language.
Answer: False
Explanation: Vowel length is phonemic in Koho, meaning that differences in vowel duration can distinguish between words and alter their meaning.
The high vowels in Koho include /i/ (front), /ɨ~ɯ/ (central), and /u/ (back).
Answer: True
Explanation: The high vowels in Koho are correctly identified as /i/ (front), /ɨ~ɯ/ (central), and /u/ (back).
The open-mid vowels in Koho are /e/ (front) and /o/ (back).
Answer: False
Explanation: The open-mid vowels in Koho are /ɛ/ (front) and /ɔ/ (back). The vowels /e/ and /o/ are classified as close-mid vowels.
What specific phonetic phenomenon occurs before palatal final consonants /c/ and /ɲ/ in Koho?
Answer: An audible palatal offglide [Vʲ]
Explanation: An audible palatal offglide [Vʲ] occurs after the vowel before palatal final consonants /c/ and /ɲ/.
What role does vowel length play in the Koho language?
Answer: Vowels contrast in length, distinguishing words.
Explanation: Vowel length is phonemic in Koho, meaning that variations in vowel duration serve to distinguish between different words.
Which of the following is a high vowel in Koho?
Answer: /u/
Explanation: The high vowels in Koho include /i/ (front), /ɨ~ɯ/ (central), and /u/ (back). Among the options, /u/ is a high vowel.
Compounding is a rare method for coining new words in Koho.
Answer: False
Explanation: Compounding is described as a common and productive method for forming new words in the Koho language.
The Koho word for 'face', *muh mat*, is a compound of 'mouth' and 'nose'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Koho word for 'face', *muh mat*, is a compound of *muh* 'nose' and *mat* 'eye', not 'mouth' and 'nose'.
In Koho, the word for 'clothes', *ôi ao*, is a compound of 'blanket' and 'shirt'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Koho word *ôi ao* for 'clothes' is indeed formed by compounding *ôi* 'blanket' and *ao* 'shirt'.
The causative prefix *tən-* in the Sre dialect of Koho converts transitive verbs into intransitive verbs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The causative prefix *tən-* converts intransitive verbs into causative verbs, meaning it makes the subject cause an action, rather than converting transitive verbs to intransitive.
When the causative prefix *tən-* is added to Koho verbs beginning with a nasal sound, a nasal cluster avoidance rule is applied.
Answer: True
Explanation: A specific phonological rule for nasal cluster avoidance is applied when the causative prefix *tən-* is added to verbs that commence with a nasal sound.
The Koho word *tənduh* means 'to be hot', derived from *duh*.
Answer: False
Explanation: While *duh* means 'to be hot', the causative form *tənduh* means 'to make hot', not 'to be hot'.
The Koho word *tənchət* means 'to kill', derived from *chət* 'to die'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The causative form *tənchət* correctly means 'to kill', derived from the intransitive verb *chət* 'to die'.
The Koho word *tənring* means 'to make flat', derived from *ring* 'to be flat, level, equal'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The causative form *tənring* correctly means 'to equalize' or 'make right', derived from *ring* 'to be flat, level, equal'.
The Koho word *təmut* means 'to enter', derived from *mut*.
Answer: False
Explanation: While *mut* means 'to enter', the causative form *təmut* means 'to make enter', indicating causation rather than simply the action of entering.
The Koho word *təmuu* means 'to make descend', derived from *muu* 'to descend, go down'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The causative form *təmuu* accurately means 'to make descend' or 'to lower', derived from *muu* 'to descend, go down'.
What is a common method for coining new words in Koho?
Answer: Compounding
Explanation: Compounding is identified as a common and productive method for forming new words in Koho.
How is the Koho word for 'face', *muh mat*, formed?
Answer: From 'nose' and 'eye'
Explanation: The word *muh mat* 'face' is a compound of *muh* 'nose' and *mat* 'eye'.
What is the function of the causative prefix *tən-* in the Sre dialect of Koho?
Answer: It converts intransitive verbs into causative verbs.
Explanation: The causative prefix *tən-* functions to transform intransitive verbs into causative verbs, indicating that the subject causes an action to occur.
What phonological rule applies when the causative prefix *tən-* is added to Koho verbs with a nasal initial?
Answer: Nasal cluster avoidance
Explanation: A nasal cluster avoidance rule is applied when the causative prefix *tən-* is added to verbs that begin with a nasal sound.
If *duh* means 'to be hot' in Koho, what does *tənduh* mean?
Answer: To make hot
Explanation: Given that *duh* means 'to be hot', the causative form *tənduh* means 'to make hot'.
What is the meaning of *tənchət* in Koho, given that *chət* means 'to die'?
Answer: To kill
Explanation: Since *chət* means 'to die', the causative form *tənchət* means 'to kill'.
What is the Koho word for 'sticky rice' formed through compounding?
Answer: *phe mbar*
Explanation: The Koho word for 'sticky rice' is *phe mbar*, a compound of *phe* 'husked rice' and *mbar* 'sticky'.
If *mut* means 'to enter' in Koho, what is the meaning of *təmut*?
Answer: To make enter
Explanation: Given that *mut* means 'to enter', the causative form *təmut* means 'to make enter'.
What is the causative form of the Koho word *muu* ('to descend, go down')?
Answer: *tənmuu*
Explanation: The causative form of *muu* ('to descend, go down') is *tənmuu*, meaning 'to make descend' or 'to lower'.
The Koho language is known for its significant divergence from the Mnong language, indicating minimal linguistic similarity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Koho language is noted to be very close to the Mnong language, suggesting a high degree of linguistic similarity, not divergence.
The Koho language is featured in the Vietnamese acrobatic show *Teh Dar*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Koho language is indeed utilized in the Vietnamese acrobatic show *Teh Dar*, produced by Lune Productions.
Which of the following languages is noted to be very close to Koho, indicating a high degree of linguistic similarity?
Answer: Mnong
Explanation: The Koho language is noted for its significant linguistic similarity to the Mnong language.
In what cultural context is the Koho language used, as mentioned in the source?
Answer: The Vietnamese acrobatic show *Teh Dar*
Explanation: The Koho language is featured in the Vietnamese acrobatic show *Teh Dar*, indicating its use in contemporary cultural performances.