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Koroni is located on the Peloponnese peninsula in the southern part of Greece.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates Koroni is situated in the Messenia region of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece.
The town of Koroni is built at the base of a hill, directly on the coast of the Gulf of Messinia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Koroni is nestled on a hill below a Venetian castle and extends to the Gulf of Messinia, rather than being built directly at the base of a hill on the coast.
In 2021, the population of the broader municipal unit of Koroni exceeded 3,000 residents.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2021, the broader municipal unit of Koroni had a total population of 3,600 residents.
The municipal unit of Koroni covers a land area of approximately 105 square miles.
Answer: False
Explanation: The municipal unit of Koroni covers a land area of approximately 40.6 square miles (105.163 square kilometers).
Koroni is situated at a high elevation, over 100 meters above sea level.
Answer: False
Explanation: The town of Koroni is situated at an elevation of approximately 20 meters (70 feet) above sea level, which is not considered high elevation.
The uninhabited island of Venetiko is part of the Koroni municipal unit.
Answer: True
Explanation: The uninhabited island of Venetiko is included within the Koroni municipal unit.
The average annual temperature in Koroni is approximately 17.3 degrees Celsius.
Answer: True
Explanation: The average annual temperature recorded in Koroni is 17.3 degrees Celsius (63.2 degrees Fahrenheit).
Within which region of Greece is Koroni located?
Answer: Messenia
Explanation: Koroni is situated in the Messenia region of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece.
Describe the physical setting of Koroni based on the provided text.
Answer: Nestled on a hill below a Venetian castle, extending to the Gulf of Messinia.
Explanation: The town of Koroni is described as being nestled on a hill below a Venetian castle and extending down to the edge of the Gulf of Messinia.
What was the population of the town of Koroni itself in 2021?
Answer: 1,193 residents
Explanation: In 2021, the town of Koroni itself had a population of 1,193 residents.
What is the approximate land area of the Koroni municipal unit in square miles?
Answer: 40.6 square miles
Explanation: The municipal unit of Koroni covers a land area of approximately 40.6 square miles (105.163 square kilometers).
At what elevation above sea level is Koroni situated?
Answer: 70 feet
Explanation: Koroni is situated at an elevation of approximately 20 meters (70 feet) above sea level.
Which uninhabited island is part of the Koroni municipal unit?
Answer: Venetiko
Explanation: The uninhabited island of Venetiko is included within the Koroni municipal unit.
What are the approximate average annual precipitation levels in Koroni?
Answer: 737 mm (29.0 inches)
Explanation: The region receives approximately 737 millimeters (or 29.0 inches) of precipitation annually.
Following the 2011 local government reform, Koroni became an independent municipality.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the 2011 local government reform, Koroni became a municipal unit within the larger municipality of Pylos-Nestor, rather than an independent municipality.
The Greek name for Koroni is Korone, and it was also known as Corone by the Venetians.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Greek name for Koroni is Κορώνη, and it was known as Corone by the Venetians and Ottomans.
The vehicle registration code 'KM' is associated with the administrative area of Koroni.
Answer: True
Explanation: The vehicle registration code for Koroni is KM, indicating vehicles registered within its administrative area.
What is Koroni's current administrative status within Greece?
Answer: A municipal unit within the municipality of Pylos-Nestor
Explanation: Following the 2011 local government reform, Koroni became a municipal unit within the larger municipality of Pylos-Nestor.
Which historical name, besides its Greek name Κορώνη, was commonly used for Koroni by the Venetians and Ottomans?
Answer: Corone
Explanation: The Greek name for Koroni is Κορώνη, and it was historically known as Corone by the Venetians and Ottomans.
What does the vehicle registration code 'KM' signify for Koroni?
Answer: It is the code for vehicles registered within the administrative area of Koroni.
Explanation: The vehicle registration code for Koroni is KM, which is used on license plates to identify vehicles registered within its administrative area.
According to Pausanias, the ancient settlement of Koroni was located at the same site as the modern town.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ancient Greek geographer Pausanias indicated that the original settlement of Koroni was located at the site of modern-day Petalidi, not the current site of Koroni.
The Byzantines constructed a fortress at Koroni during the 10th century AD.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Byzantine fortress at Koroni was constructed during the 6th and 7th centuries AD, not the 10th century.
Koroni was listed as a major metropolitan see in Byzantine ecclesiastical records.
Answer: False
Explanation: Byzantine ecclesiastical records list Koroni as a suffragan see, subordinate to the See of Patras, not as a major metropolitan see.
According to the geographer Pausanias, where was the original settlement of Koroni located?
Answer: At the site of modern-day Petalidi
Explanation: The ancient Greek geographer Pausanias indicated that the original settlement of Koroni was located at the site of modern-day Petalidi.
During which centuries did the Byzantines construct a fortress at the site of Koroni?
Answer: 6th and 7th centuries AD
Explanation: The Byzantine fortress at Koroni was constructed during the 6th and 7th centuries AD.
How was Koroni listed in Byzantine ecclesiastical records compiled during Emperor Leo VI's reign?
Answer: As a suffragan see subordinate to Patras
Explanation: Byzantine ecclesiastical records list Koroni as a suffragan see, subordinate to the larger See of Patras.
Venice gained control of Koroni and Methoni from the Franks in the early 13th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: Venice successfully took control of the Messenian peninsula, including Koroni and Methoni, from Frankish forces in the early 13th century (around 1206-1207).
Koroni and Methoni were referred to as 'the chief eyes of the Republic' by the Venetians due to their strategic importance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Koroni and Methoni were described as 'the chief eyes of the Republic' by the Venetians due to their critical role as naval bases controlling trade routes to the Eastern Mediterranean.
During the Venetian period, Koroni was particularly noted for its production of silk textiles.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Venetian period, Koroni was noted for its production of cochineal, used for crimson dyes, and for its engineers skilled in siege engines, not primarily for silk textiles.
During Venetian rule, Koroni was considered less strategically important than Methoni.
Answer: False
Explanation: During Venetian rule, Koroni was considered the more strategically important fortress, receiving more administrative attention and personnel.
Under Venetian rule, Koroni became the seat for bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Answer: False
Explanation: Under Venetian rule, Koroni became the seat for bishops of the Latin Church, serving as a suffragan to the Latin Archbishop of Patras.
The Black Death led to a significant decrease in the population of Koroni during the 14th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Black Death severely impacted Venetian colonies, including Koroni, in the mid-14th century, leading to population decrease and subsequent repopulation efforts.
Venetian garrison members in Koroni were permitted to wear beards to distinguish themselves.
Answer: False
Explanation: Venetian garrison members in Koroni were forbidden from wearing beards, a measure intended to visually distinguish them from the local Greek population.
The relationship between Venetian rulers and the Greek Orthodox population in Koroni was consistently harmonious.
Answer: False
Explanation: Reports from the late 14th century indicate mistreatment of the Greek population by Venetian rulers, leading to some fleeing Venetian territory, indicating the relationship was not consistently harmonious.
What event in 1204 led to Venice initially gaining claims over the Peloponnese, including Koroni?
Answer: The Fourth Crusade's capture of Constantinople
Explanation: Following the Fourth Crusade's capture of Constantinople in 1204, the Peloponnese was initially assigned to Venice, leading to their claims over the region, including Koroni.
Why were Koroni and Methoni considered strategically vital by the Republic of Venice?
Answer: They served as crucial naval bases for controlling trade routes to the Eastern Mediterranean.
Explanation: Koroni and Methoni served as crucial naval bases for Venice, enabling control over trade routes to the Eastern Mediterranean and earning them the title 'the chief eyes of the Republic'.
What valuable product was Koroni particularly noted for producing during the Venetian period?
Answer: Cochineal (for crimson dyes)
Explanation: During the Venetian period, Koroni was particularly noted for its production of cochineal, a valuable insect used to create crimson dyes.
Which statement accurately reflects Koroni's importance relative to Methoni during Venetian rule?
Answer: Koroni was considered the more important fortress, receiving more administrative attention.
Explanation: Koroni was considered the more important fortress during Venetian rule, receiving more administrative attention and personnel compared to Methoni.
Under Venetian rule, who served as the ecclesiastical head in Koroni?
Answer: A Latin Church bishop, suffragan to Patras
Explanation: Under Venetian rule, Koroni became the seat for bishops of the Latin Church, serving as a suffragan to the Latin Archbishop of Patras.
What measure did Venice take to repopulate Koroni after the Black Death?
Answer: Sent fresh colonists from Venice and extended citizenship rights.
Explanation: To repopulate Koroni after the Black Death, Venice sent fresh colonists from Venice and extended citizenship rights to all inhabitants.
What specific regulation was imposed on the Venetian garrison in Koroni regarding appearance?
Answer: They were forbidden from wearing beards.
Explanation: A specific regulation stipulated that members of the Venetian garrison in Koroni were forbidden from wearing beards.
What led some Greek Orthodox residents to flee Venetian territory in Koroni during the later 14th century?
Answer: Mistreatment by Venetian rulers
Explanation: Reports from the latter half of the 14th century indicate mistreatment of the Greek population by Venetian rulers, which led some to flee Venetian territory.
The Greek bishopric of Koroni was suppressed in the early 20th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Greek bishopric of Koroni was suppressed in the 19th century, not the early 20th century.
Koroni fell to the Ottoman Turks for the first time in 1500 after the fall of Methoni.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koroni fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1500, following the Ottoman storming of Methoni, marking the end of nearly three centuries of Venetian control.
After being retaken by Venice in 1532, Koroni remained under Venetian control until the Ottoman conquest in 1534.
Answer: False
Explanation: After being retaken by Venice in 1532, Koroni was besieged by the Ottomans and surrendered in 1534, indicating a brief period of Venetian control before Ottoman reconquest.
Some Albanian inhabitants who fled Koroni after the 1534 surrender settled in Greece.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the 1534 surrender, Albanian inhabitants who fled Koroni settled primarily in the Kingdom of Naples (Southern Italy), not Greece.
During the Ottoman period, Koroni was administered as a kaza and served as the seat of a kadi.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Ottoman period, Koroni was organized as a kaza (administrative district) and served as the seat of a kadi (judge).
In 1582, the fortress of Koroni housed a significant Muslim population alongside Christian and Jewish households.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1582, the Muslim population in the fortress of Koroni was limited to officials and a garrison, while there were approximately 300 Christian and 10 Jewish households, indicating the non-Muslim population was more numerous than the resident Muslim civilian population.
Koroni was recaptured by Venetian forces during the Morean War in 1685.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Morean War, Venetian forces successfully captured Koroni in 1685.
By 1805, Koroni's port was described as secure and bustling with trade, despite the Janissary garrison.
Answer: False
Explanation: By 1805, Koroni's port was described as blocked and ruinous, with trade having ceased and offering only insecure anchorage, contrary to being secure and bustling.
Koroni became part of the modern Greek state in 1821 following the Greek War of Independence.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koroni became integrated into the modern Greek state in 1828, not 1821, after being liberated during the Greek War of Independence.
When was the Greek bishopric (eparchy) of Koroni suppressed?
Answer: In the 19th century
Explanation: The Greek bishopric of Koroni was suppressed in the 19th century.
When did Koroni first fall to the Ottoman Turks?
Answer: 1500
Explanation: Koroni fell to the Ottoman Turks for the first time in 1500, following the Ottoman storming of Methoni.
What happened to Koroni after being retaken by Venetian forces under Admiral Doria in 1532?
Answer: It was besieged by the Ottomans and eventually surrendered in 1534.
Explanation: After being retaken by Venice in 1532, Koroni was besieged by the Ottomans and eventually surrendered in 1534.
The Albanian inhabitants who left Koroni in 1534 primarily settled in which region?
Answer: Southern Italy (Kingdom of Naples)
Explanation: Following the 1534 surrender, Albanian inhabitants who fled Koroni settled primarily in the Kingdom of Naples (Southern Italy).
Under Ottoman rule in the 16th century, what was the primary function of the revenue generated from Koroni's imperial fief?
Answer: To be allocated to Mecca
Explanation: Under Ottoman rule, the revenue generated from Koroni's imperial fief was reportedly allocated to Mecca.
What was the demographic situation in the fortress of Koroni in 1582 regarding non-Muslims?
Answer: There were approximately 300 Christian households and 10 Jewish households.
Explanation: In 1582, the fortress of Koroni housed approximately 300 Christian households and 10 Jewish households, alongside officials and a garrison.
During which conflict did Venetian forces first capture Koroni in 1685?
Answer: The Morean War
Explanation: Venetian forces captured Koroni in 1685 during the Morean War.
What was the state of Koroni's port and trade in the early 19th century, according to William Martin Leake?
Answer: The port was blocked and ruinous, with trade having ceased.
Explanation: By 1805, William Martin Leake reported that Koroni's port was blocked and ruinous, with trade having ceased and offering only insecure anchorage.
When was Koroni liberated and integrated into the modern Greek state?
Answer: 1828
Explanation: Koroni was liberated and integrated into the modern Greek state in 1828.
Koroni observes Western European Time (WET) year-round.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koroni observes Eastern European Time (EET), UTC+2, during standard time, and Eastern European Summer Time (EEST), UTC+3, during daylight saving time.
Koroni does not have an official website.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koroni has an official website, accessible at www.korone.gr, providing information in both English and Greek.
A facility for launching sounding rockets was operational near Koroni between 1966 and 1989.
Answer: True
Explanation: Between 1966 and 1989, a facility near Koroni was used for launching sounding rockets for atmospheric research.
Koroni experiences a tropical climate with high humidity year-round.
Answer: False
Explanation: Koroni experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), not a tropical climate.
The images associated with Koroni depict a Venetian map of a siege and a painting of the town's founding.
Answer: False
Explanation: The images depict a Venetian map of the siege during the Morean War and scenes of the castle and the Morea expedition, not a painting of the town's founding.
What time zone does Koroni observe during standard time?
Answer: Eastern European Time (EET)
Explanation: Koroni observes Eastern European Time (EET), which is UTC+2 during standard time.
What was the purpose of the rocket launch facility established near Koroni?
Answer: Atmospheric research
Explanation: The rocket launch facility established near Koroni between 1966 and 1989 was used for atmospheric research.
What type of climate does Koroni experience?
Answer: Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate (Csa)
Explanation: Koroni experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, classified as Csa under the Köppen climate classification.
Which of the following historical events is depicted in the images associated with Koroni?
Answer: A Venetian map illustrating the siege of Koroni during the Morean War
Explanation: The images associated with Koroni include a Venetian map illustrating the siege of Koroni during the Morean War.