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Kremenchuk was founded in 1571 as a fortress.
Answer: True
Explanation: The founding of Kremenchuk as a fortress in 1571 is confirmed by the provided source material.
The name 'Kremenchuk' is derived from a Turkish term meaning 'large fortress'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The prevailing etymological understanding, supported by the source material, suggests the name derives from the Ukrainian word 'kremen' (flint) or, alternatively, from a Turkish term for 'small fortress', not 'large fortress'.
The Treaty of Kurukove, signed in 1625, was an agreement between the Cossacks and the Ottoman Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material specifies that the Treaty of Kurukove, signed in 1625, was an agreement between the Cossacks and the Poles, not the Ottoman Empire.
Following the Treaty of Andrusovo, Kremenchuk came under the control of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates that following the Treaty of Andrusovo, Kremenchuk came under the control of the Tsardom of Russia, not the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Alexander Suvorov, the famous Russian general, commanded the Kremenchuk garrison in 1786.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided source material confirms that Alexander Suvorov was appointed commander of the Kremenchuk garrison in 1786.
In 1897, the Jewish population constituted less than 10% of Kremenchuk's total population.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to the 1897 census data provided, the Jewish population constituted 47% of Kremenchuk's total population, significantly more than 10%.
What is the believed origin of the name 'Kremenchuk'?
Answer: It is named after the Ukrainian word 'kremen', meaning flint.
Explanation: The source material suggests the name 'Kremenchuk' is believed to derive from the Ukrainian word 'kremen,' meaning flint, due to the city's location on a chert deposit, with an alternative theory pointing to a Turkish term for 'small fortress'.
What significant treaty was signed near Kremenchuk in 1625?
Answer: The Treaty of Kurukove
Explanation: The source material indicates that the Treaty of Kurukove was signed near Kremenchuk in 1625.
After the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), which power gained control of Kremenchuk?
Answer: The Tsardom of Russia
Explanation: Following the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) and the Treaty of Andrusovo, Kremenchuk came under the control of the Tsardom of Russia.
Who was the renowned Russian general that started his military career in Kremenchuk?
Answer: Alexander Suvorov
Explanation: The source material identifies Alexander Suvorov as the renowned Russian general who began his military career in Kremenchuk.
What percentage of Kremenchuk's population was Jewish according to the 1897 census?
Answer: 47%
Explanation: The 1897 All-Russia Census data indicates that the Jewish population constituted 47% of Kremenchuk's total population at that time.
Kremenchuk's economy is primarily based on agriculture and tourism.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates that Kremenchuk is a major industrial center, with significant enterprises such as the KrAZ truck plant and the Kremenchuk Oil Refinery, rather than being primarily based on agriculture and tourism.
The Kriukiv Railway Car Building Works is a relatively new industrial facility established in the late 20th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material identifies the Kriukiv Railway Car Building Works as one of the oldest industrial facilities of its kind in Eastern Europe, with origins dating back to 1869, not the late 20th century.
The Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant is located on the Southern Bug River.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material clearly states that the Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant is located on the Dnieper River, not the Southern Bug River.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major industrial enterprise in Kremenchuk?
Answer: Lviv Chocolate Factory
Explanation: The provided source material lists the KrAZ truck plant, Kriukiv Railway Car Building Works, and Kremenchuk Oil Refinery as major industrial enterprises in Kremenchuk, but does not mention the Lviv Chocolate Factory.
What significant industrial facility in Kremenchuk was targeted by Russian missiles in April and May 2022?
Answer: The Kremenchuk Oil Refinery
Explanation: The Kremenchuk Oil Refinery was significantly impacted by Russian missile strikes in April and May 2022.
What is the primary function of the Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant?
Answer: To generate electrical power for the region.
Explanation: The primary function of the Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant is to generate electrical power for the region.
During the February Revolution of 1917, Kremenchuk was governed by a council dominated by the Ukrainian nationalist movement.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates that during the February Revolution of 1917, the council of workers' deputies in Kremenchuk was largely controlled by the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, not the Ukrainian nationalist movement.
Kremenchuk experienced a period of extreme instability between 1918 and 1920, changing hands multiple times.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided source material details significant instability in Kremenchuk between 1918 and 1920, with the city changing hands multiple times among various factions.
World War II resulted in minimal damage to Kremenchuk's infrastructure.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to the statement, the source material indicates that Kremenchuk suffered immense destruction during World War II, with over 90% of its buildings leveled.
During the Cold War, Kremenchuk was the headquarters for a Soviet division equipped with R-12 Dvina missiles.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material confirms that during the Cold War, Kremenchuk served as the headquarters for the 43rd Rocket Division of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces, which was equipped with R-12 Dvina missiles.
The city of Kriukiv was officially merged with Kremenchuk in 1955.
Answer: False
Explanation: The provided source material indicates that the city of Kriukiv was officially merged with Kremenchuk in 1975, not 1955.
During the Nazi occupation, Jews in Kremenchuk were forced into a ghetto in the city center.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates that during the Nazi occupation, Jews from Kremenchuk were forced into a ghetto in Novo-Ivanovka, not within the city center.
Approximately 8,000 Jews were executed in Kremenchuk between October 1941 and January 1942.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided source material confirms that approximately 8,000 Jews were executed in Kremenchuk during the period of October 1941 to January 1942.
Alexander Pechersky, a leader of the Sobibor uprising, has connections to Kremenchuk.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material notes Alexander Pechersky, a leader of the Sobibor uprising, as a notable person from Kremenchuk.
During the February Revolution of 1917, who primarily controlled the council of workers' deputies in Kremenchuk?
Answer: The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Explanation: According to the source material, the council of workers' deputies in Kremenchuk during the February Revolution of 1917 was largely controlled by the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
Which of the following groups did NOT occupy or control Kremenchuk between 1918 and 1920?
Answer: Cossack Hetmanate forces
Explanation: The source material details occupations by German armies, the Russian Red Army, and White Guard troops between 1918 and 1920, but does not mention control by Cossack Hetmanate forces.
What was the extent of damage to Kremenchuk during World War II?
Answer: Complete destruction, with over 90% of buildings leveled.
Explanation: The source material states that World War II resulted in extensive damage, with over 90% of Kremenchuk's buildings being leveled.
What military unit was headquartered in Kremenchuk during the Cold War?
Answer: The 43rd Rocket Division
Explanation: During the Cold War, Kremenchuk was the headquarters for the 43rd Rocket Division of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces.
When did the merger of Kriukiv with Kremenchuk officially take place?
Answer: 1975
Explanation: The city of Kriukiv was officially merged with Kremenchuk in the year 1975.
Where were Jews from Kremenchuk forced to relocate to during the Nazi occupation in 1941?
Answer: A ghetto in Novo-Ivanovka.
Explanation: During the Nazi occupation in 1941, Jews from Kremenchuk were forced into a ghetto located in Novo-Ivanovka.
When was Kremenchuk liberated by the Red Army?
Answer: September 1943
Explanation: Kremenchuk was liberated by the Red Army on September 29, 1943.
What is the significance of September 29th for Kremenchuk?
Answer: It is City Day, celebrating liberation from Nazi occupation.
Explanation: September 29th is celebrated as City Day in Kremenchuk, commemorating its liberation from Nazi occupation in 1943.
What is suggested by the mention of 'Stalinist architecture' in Kremenchuk's city center?
Answer: The city center features architectural styles from the Stalinist era.
Explanation: The mention of 'Stalinist architecture' suggests that the city center of Kremenchuk exhibits architectural styles characteristic of the Stalinist era.
What historical event is referenced by the Yad Vashem link related to Kremenchuk?
Answer: The murder of Jews during World War II.
Explanation: The Yad Vashem link related to Kremenchuk references the tragic historical event of the murder of Jews during World War II.
Kremenchuk is located in western Ukraine, near the Carpathian Mountains.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material identifies Kremenchuk as being situated in central Ukraine on the Dnieper River, contradicting the assertion that it lies in the west near the Carpathian Mountains.
A railroad bridge connecting Kriukiv to Kremenchuk was completed in 1872.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material states that a railroad bridge connecting Kriukiv to Kremenchuk was indeed completed in 1872.
Kremenchuk is a major river port on the Dnieper River.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided source material confirms that Kremenchuk functions as a major river port situated on the Dnieper River.
What is Kremenchuk's geographical location and primary characteristic?
Answer: An industrial city in central Ukraine situated on the Dnieper River.
Explanation: The source material identifies Kremenchuk as an industrial city situated in central Ukraine on the banks of the Dnieper River.
Which infrastructure project was completed in 1872, significantly improving connectivity for Kremenchuk?
Answer: The construction of a railroad bridge over the Dnieper River
Explanation: The construction of a railroad bridge over the Dnieper River, connecting Kriukiv to Kremenchuk, was completed in 1872, significantly improving connectivity.
In 2022, Kremenchuk was estimated to be the 31st most populous city in Ukraine.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to the provided data, Kremenchuk's estimated population in 2022 ranked it as the 31st most populous city in Ukraine.
In 2022, a missile strike on a shopping mall in Kremenchuk caused no fatalities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material reports that a missile strike on a shopping mall in Kremenchuk on June 27, 2022, resulted in 16 fatalities and 59 injuries.
Kremenchuk's population increased significantly between the 2001 census and 2022.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source data shows that Kremenchuk's population decreased from 232,930 in 2001 to an estimated 215,271 in 2022, indicating a decline rather than a significant increase.
According to the 2001 census, Russians were the largest ethnic group in Kremenchuk.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2001 census data indicates that Ukrainians constituted the largest ethnic group in Kremenchuk, followed by Russians.
In 2020, Kremenchuk was removed from the list of historical settlements in Ukraine.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates that in 2001, Kremenchuk was recognized and included in the list of historical settlements by the Ukrainian government, implying it was not removed in 2020.
What was the trend in Kremenchuk's population between 2001 and 2022?
Answer: It decreased slightly.
Explanation: Between the 2001 census and 2022, Kremenchuk's population decreased from 232,930 to an estimated 215,271, indicating a slight decline.
Which language was reported as the native language by the majority of Kremenchuk's population in the 2001 census?
Answer: Ukrainian
Explanation: According to the 2001 census data, Ukrainian was reported as the native language by the majority of Kremenchuk's population.
Which of the following is a notable ice hockey team representing Kremenchuk?
Answer: HC Kremenchuk
Explanation: HC Kremenchuk is identified as a notable ice hockey team representing the city.
What does the inclusion of Kremenchuk in the list of historical settlements signify?
Answer: It has significant historical and cultural importance recognized by the government.
Explanation: Inclusion in the list of historical settlements signifies that Kremenchuk possesses significant historical and cultural importance as recognized by the Ukrainian government.
What administrative change occurred in Kremenchuk as part of the July 2020 reform?
Answer: It was merged into the newly consolidated Kremenchuk Raion.
Explanation: As part of the July 2020 administrative reform, Kremenchuk was merged into the newly consolidated Kremenchuk Raion.
Which of the following cities is NOT listed as a twin city (sister city) of Kremenchuk?
Answer: Kyiv (Ukraine)
Explanation: The provided list of sister cities for Kremenchuk includes Providence, Wenzhou, and Rishon LeZion, but does not list Kyiv.