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*Lantana camara* is native to Europe and was subsequently introduced to the American tropics.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics, not Europe, and was introduced to various regions worldwide.
*Lantana camara* is classified as 'Vulnerable' by NatureServe.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to NatureServe, *Lantana camara* is classified as 'Secure', not 'Vulnerable'.
The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, due to similarities in their floral structures.
Answer: True
Explanation: The genus name *Lantana* originates from the Latin designation for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, owing to the resemblance between their respective flowers.
*Lantana camara* is highly tolerant of drought but susceptible to damage from salty conditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: *Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to drought, heat, humidity, and salt, which contributes to its invasive success in diverse environments.
The species name *camara* originates from a Latin term meaning 'chamber' or 'room'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The species name *camara* is derived from an indigenous Brazilian name used for this plant and related species, not from a Latin term for 'chamber' or 'room'.
In Sri Lanka, *Lantana camara* escaped cultivation from the National Botanical Gardens in Colombo in 1926.
Answer: False
Explanation: The escape from cultivation in Sri Lanka occurred from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya in 1926, not from Colombo.
*Lantana camara* is listed among the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that *Lantana camara* is recognized on the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species' due to its significant ecological and economic impacts.
A national-level monitoring in India in 2023 found that *Lantana camara* had invaded approximately 10% of the country's natural areas.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 2023 national monitoring report indicated that *Lantana camara* had invaded approximately 50% of India's natural areas, not 10%.
To which scientific family does *Lantana camara* belong?
Answer: Verbenaceae
Explanation: *Lantana camara* is classified within the Verbenaceae family.
*Lantana camara* is native to which region?
Answer: The American tropics
Explanation: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics.
What is the conservation status of *Lantana camara* according to NatureServe?
Answer: Secure
Explanation: NatureServe classifies *Lantana camara* as 'Secure'.
The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for which other plant?
Answer: Wayfaring tree (*Viburnum lantana*)
Explanation: The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, due to similarities in their flowers.
*Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe by which group of explorers?
Answer: Dutch explorers
Explanation: *Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers.
Which of the following ecosystems is NOT typically inhabited by *Lantana camara* according to the source?
Answer: Deep ocean trenches
Explanation: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable to various terrestrial ecosystems but is not found in deep ocean trenches.
What environmental condition can *Lantana camara* tolerate, which aids its invasive success?
Answer: Drought, heat, and salt
Explanation: *Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to drought, heat, and salt, enabling its establishment in diverse and challenging environments.
How does *Lantana camara*'s preference for disturbed habitats contribute to its invasive spread?
Answer: Disturbed habitats provide less competition from native plants.
Explanation: *Lantana camara*'s preference for disturbed habitats allows it to establish more readily due to reduced competition from native plant species.
The flowers of *Lantana camara* typically change color from red to yellow after pollination.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following pollination, the flowers of *Lantana camara* typically transition from yellow to shades of orange, pink, or red, serving as a signal to pollinators.
The leaves of *Lantana camara*, when crushed, emit a pleasant, mild fragrance.
Answer: False
Explanation: Crushed leaves of *Lantana camara* are known to emit a strong, distinctive odor, rather than a pleasant, mild fragrance.
*Lantana camara* reproduces exclusively through seeds.
Answer: False
Explanation: *Lantana camara* reproduces through both seeds and vegetative propagation, contributing to its widespread distribution.
The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a hint of mint.
Answer: False
Explanation: The scent of *Lantana camara* flowers is described as 'tutti frutti' with a peppery undertone, not a hint of mint.
*Lantana camara* can grow up to 6 meters tall by scrambling up trees under favorable conditions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Under optimal conditions, *Lantana camara* can exhibit a scandent growth habit, climbing up trees and reaching heights of up to 6 meters.
Which of the following best describes the typical growth habit of *Lantana camara*?
Answer: A perennial shrub that can be erect, sprawling, or scandent
Explanation: *Lantana camara* is characterized as a perennial shrub that can grow in erect, sprawling, or scandent forms.
What characteristic scent is associated with crushed leaves of *Lantana camara*?
Answer: Strong, distinctive odor
Explanation: Crushed leaves of *Lantana camara* emit a strong, distinctive odor.
How do the flowers of *Lantana camara* typically change color after pollination?
Answer: From yellow to orange, pink, or red
Explanation: After pollination, the flowers of *Lantana camara* commonly change from yellow to shades of orange, pink, or red.
What is the description of the scent of *Lantana camara* flowers?
Answer: Tutti frutti with a peppery undertone
Explanation: The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a peppery undertone.
How many fruits can a single *Lantana camara* plant produce annually, contributing to its propagation?
Answer: Up to 12,000
Explanation: A single *Lantana camara* plant is capable of producing up to 12,000 fruits annually, significantly aiding its propagation.
Dense thickets of *Lantana camara* can suppress the growth of native plant species, thereby increasing biodiversity.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dense thickets of *Lantana camara* suppress the growth of native plant species, leading to a reduction in biodiversity, not an increase.
*Lantana camara* is primarily found in aquatic ecosystems such as swamps and marshes.
Answer: False
Explanation: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and typically inhabits terrestrial ecosystems like forest margins, grasslands, and beach fronts, rather than primarily aquatic environments.
*Lantana camara* can alter fire patterns by reducing the overall fuel load in ecosystems.
Answer: False
Explanation: *Lantana camara* can alter fire patterns by increasing the fuel load due to its dense growth, potentially leading to more intense fires.
The allelopathic effects of *Lantana camara* involve releasing chemicals that promote the growth of neighboring plants.
Answer: False
Explanation: The allelopathic effects of *Lantana camara* involve the release of chemicals that inhibit the germination and growth of surrounding plants, conferring a competitive advantage.
How does *Lantana camara* primarily impact biodiversity in invaded ecosystems?
Answer: By outcompeting native species and forming dense thickets
Explanation: *Lantana camara* primarily impacts biodiversity by outcompeting native plant species and forming dense thickets that limit the growth of other vegetation.
What is a significant ecological impact of *Lantana camara* thickets in Africa?
Answer: They provide shelter for disease vectors like mosquitoes.
Explanation: In Africa, *Lantana camara* thickets provide shelter for disease vectors such as mosquitoes, which transmit malaria.
The unripe fruits of *Lantana camara* are edible and commonly consumed by humans.
Answer: False
Explanation: The unripe fruits of *Lantana camara* are inedible and can cause serious digestive tract damage; only the ripe fruits are sometimes considered edible.
*Lantana camara* is toxic to livestock, causing liver damage and photosensitivity due to compounds known as Lantadenes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The plant contains pentacyclic triterpenoids called Lantadenes, which are responsible for the toxicity observed in livestock, manifesting as liver damage and photosensitivity.
*Lantana camara* has been identified as possessing insecticidal properties and is utilized in traditional medicine for treating conditions such as ulcers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Research indicates that *Lantana camara* exhibits insecticidal properties, and it has been employed in traditional medicine for various ailments, including the treatment of ulcers.
What danger is associated with the unripe fruits of *Lantana camara*?
Answer: They are inedible and can cause serious digestive tract damage.
Explanation: The unripe fruits of *Lantana camara* are inedible and contain hard spikes that can cause serious damage to the digestive tract.
What agricultural problem is caused by the toxicity of *Lantana camara*?
Answer: It is toxic to livestock, causing liver damage.
Explanation: The toxicity of *Lantana camara* to livestock, leading to liver damage, is a significant agricultural problem.
Which of the following is a factor contributing to *Lantana camara*'s success as an invasive species?
Answer: Its resistance to grazing due to toxicity
Explanation: Its resistance to grazing, a consequence of its toxicity, is a key factor contributing to *Lantana camara*'s success as an invasive species.
What medicinal property has been identified in *Lantana camara* leaves?
Answer: Antimicrobial
Explanation: *Lantana camara* leaves have demonstrated antimicrobial properties.
Biological control programs utilizing insect agents have achieved widespread success in controlling *Lantana camara* globally.
Answer: False
Explanation: Despite efforts, biological control programs for *Lantana camara* have not been largely successful, likely due to the plant's extensive hybridization and genetic diversity.
Mechanical control of *Lantana camara* involves the use of herbicides and is generally inexpensive.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mechanical control typically refers to physical removal or fire treatment, which can be labor-intensive. Herbicides are used in chemical control, and their application can be expensive, limiting their use in many regions.
Which control method for *Lantana camara* has been hampered by the plant's extensive hybrid forms and genetic diversity?
Answer: Biological control
Explanation: Biological control methods have been hampered in their effectiveness due to the extensive hybrid forms and high genetic diversity of *Lantana camara*.
What is a major challenge associated with the chemical control of *Lantana camara*?
Answer: The cost of herbicides limits their application in many regions.
Explanation: A major challenge in the chemical control of *Lantana camara* is the high cost of herbicides, which restricts their application in many regions.
In Australia, one of the major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* is designated as 'Red'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that 'Red' is indeed one of the five major flower color varieties identified for *Lantana camara* in Australia.
The common name 'Spanish flag' for *Lantana camara* refers to its predominantly green foliage.
Answer: False
Explanation: The common name 'Spanish flag' is associated with *Lantana camara* due to the vibrant, multi-colored appearance of its flowers, not its foliage.
*Lantana camara* is known to attract butterflies and birds, contributing to its popularity as an ornamental plant.
Answer: True
Explanation: The plant's ability to attract pollinators like butterflies and birds is a key reason for its widespread cultivation as an ornamental species.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major flower color variety of *Lantana camara* in Australia?
Answer: Yellow
Explanation: While *Lantana camara* exhibits many colors, 'Yellow' is not listed among the five major varieties identified in Australia; the listed varieties are Pink, White, Pink-edged Red, Red, and Orange.
Which of the following is a common name for *Lantana camara* mentioned in the source?
Answer: Tickberry
Explanation: Among the common names listed for *Lantana camara*, 'Tickberry' is included.
Why is *Lantana camara* popular as an ornamental plant?
Answer: It is highly resistant to pests and diseases and tolerates drought.
Explanation: *Lantana camara* is popular as an ornamental plant due to its high resistance to pests and diseases and its tolerance to drought conditions.
What role does *Lantana camara* play for the jumping spider *Evarcha culicivora*?
Answer: It is used for courtship and nectar consumption.
Explanation: The jumping spider *Evarcha culicivora* utilizes *Lantana camara* plants for courtship rituals and nectar consumption.