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Legio IV Macedonica was founded in 48 BC by Pompey the Great.
Answer: False
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was founded in 48 BCE by Gaius Julius Caesar, not Pompey the Great.
The primary symbol of Legio IV Macedonica was a wolf, reflecting Rome's legendary founders.
Answer: False
Explanation: The official symbols of Legio IV Macedonica were a bull and a capricorn, not a wolf.
Legio IV Macedonica first saw action at the Battle of Dyrrhachium during Julius Caesar's civil war.
Answer: True
Explanation: The legion's inaugural engagement was indeed at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, a pivotal conflict in Julius Caesar's civil war against Pompey.
After the civil war, Legio IV Macedonica was stationed in Gaul before its planned campaign against the Parthian Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following Julius Caesar's civil war, Legio IV Macedonica was stationed in Macedonia, not Gaul, prior to the planned Parthian campaign.
Legio IV Macedonica sided with Mark Antony during the civil war against Augustus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica demonstrated its allegiance by siding with Augustus during the civil war against Mark Antony, despite Antony's efforts to move it to Italy.
The legion likely received its cognomen 'Macedonica' after its near destruction and rebuilding following the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC.
Answer: True
Explanation: The cognomen 'Macedonica' is indeed believed to have been bestowed upon the legion after its near annihilation and subsequent rebuilding following the Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE, reflecting its service in that region.
The political instability of Roman civil wars directly influenced the early history of Legio IV Macedonica.
Answer: True
Explanation: The turbulent political climate of Roman civil wars, involving figures like Julius Caesar, Pompey, Mark Antony, and Augustus, profoundly shaped the early trajectory of Legio IV Macedonica, influencing its founding, allegiances, and engagements.
The Battle of Philippi was significant for Legio IV Macedonica because it marked their first major victory without suffering any casualties.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Battle of Philippi was significant for Legio IV Macedonica precisely because it was nearly destroyed and suffered heavy losses, necessitating its rebuilding, rather than being a casualty-free victory.
The legionaries of Legio IV Macedonica were primarily recruited from Gaul.
Answer: False
Explanation: The initial legionaries of Legio IV Macedonica were primarily recruited from Italia, the central region of the Roman Republic, not Gaul.
Legio IV Macedonica was intended to serve in Julius Caesar's planned campaign against the Parthian Empire, which was canceled after his death.
Answer: True
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was indeed designated for Julius Caesar's ambitious campaign against the Parthian Empire, an expedition that was ultimately aborted following his assassination.
Who was the founder of Legio IV Macedonica in 48 BC?
Answer: Gaius Julius Caesar
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was founded in 48 BCE by Gaius Julius Caesar during his dictatorship.
From which region were the initial legionaries of Legio IV Macedonica recruited?
Answer: Italia
Explanation: The initial legionaries who formed Legio IV Macedonica were primarily recruited from Italia, the heartland of the Roman Republic.
Which two animals were the official symbols associated with Legio IV Macedonica?
Answer: Bull and Capricorn
Explanation: The official symbols of Legio IV Macedonica were the bull, a common emblem for Caesar's legions, and the capricorn.
Legio IV Macedonica first saw action in which major conflict?
Answer: Julius Caesar's civil war against Pompey
Explanation: The legion's first engagement was at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, a key event in Julius Caesar's civil war against Pompey.
Where was Legio IV Macedonica stationed after the civil war involving Julius Caesar?
Answer: Macedonia
Explanation: Following the civil war involving Julius Caesar, Legio IV Macedonica was stationed in the Roman province of Macedonia.
What significant military campaign was Legio IV Macedonica intended for but canceled due to unforeseen circumstances?
Answer: A campaign against the Parthian Empire
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was slated for Julius Caesar's planned campaign against the Parthian Empire, which was ultimately aborted following his assassination.
How did Legio IV Macedonica demonstrate its allegiance during the civil war between Mark Antony and Augustus?
Answer: It sided with Augustus.
Explanation: Despite Mark Antony's attempts to relocate it, Legio IV Macedonica ultimately sided with Augustus during their civil war.
Which battle in 42 BC was significant for Legio IV Macedonica because it was nearly destroyed but survived and was rebuilt, likely leading to its cognomen?
Answer: Battle of Philippi
Explanation: The Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE was a pivotal event for Legio IV Macedonica, as it suffered near destruction but was subsequently rebuilt, an experience that likely contributed to its cognomen.
In the winter of 41 BC, Legio IV Macedonica was present at the siege of which city, where Lucius Antonius had sought refuge?
Answer: Perugia
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was present at the siege of Perugia in the winter of 41 BCE, where Lucius Antonius, Mark Antony's brother, had taken refuge.
In 30 BC, following Augustus's ascension, Legio IV Macedonica was relocated to Egypt.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following Augustus's ascension in 30 BCE, Legio IV Macedonica was relocated to Juliobriga in Hispania Tarraconensis, not Egypt.
The primary objective of Legio IV Macedonica in Hispania Tarraconensis was to suppress slave revolts.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary military objective of Legio IV Macedonica in Hispania Tarraconensis was to engage in the Cantabrian Wars, not to suppress slave revolts.
After the Cantabrian Wars, soldiers of Legio IV Macedonica transitioned into civil servant roles in Hispania.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the conclusion of the Cantabrian Wars, soldiers from Legio IV Macedonica indeed assumed civil administration roles in Hispania, indicating a prolonged presence and integration into the region.
Legio IV Macedonica replaced Legio X Fretensis upon its transfer to Mainz in Germania Superior.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon its transfer to Mainz in Germania Superior, Legio IV Macedonica replaced Legio XIV Gemina, not Legio X Fretensis.
The Cantabrian Wars led to Legio IV Macedonica's prolonged deployment in Hispania, including civil administration roles after the fighting.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Cantabrian Wars indeed resulted in Legio IV Macedonica's extended presence in Hispania Tarraconensis, where its soldiers transitioned into civil administration roles after the cessation of hostilities, demonstrating a long-term commitment to the region.
Mainz was a strategically important fortress city for Roman legions, serving as a key base against Germanic tribes.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mainz, situated in Germania Superior, held significant strategic importance as a frontier fortress city, serving as a crucial base for Roman legions to defend against Germanic incursions and maintain imperial control.
Emperor Claudius likely transferred Legio IV Macedonica to Mainz in 41 AD.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical evidence suggests that Emperor Claudius was responsible for the transfer of Legio IV Macedonica to Mainz in Germania Superior, likely around 41 CE.
When sharing the Mainz fortress, Legio IV Macedonica occupied the less honorable left-hand side.
Answer: False
Explanation: When co-stationed with Legio XXII Primigenia in the Mainz fortress, Legio IV Macedonica occupied the more honorable right-hand side, while the younger unit took the left.
Following Augustus's ascension to Emperor, where was Legio IV Macedonica relocated in 30 BC?
Answer: Juliobriga
Explanation: In 30 BCE, after Augustus became Emperor, Legio IV Macedonica was relocated to Juliobriga in Hispania Tarraconensis.
What was the primary military objective of Legio IV Macedonica in Hispania Tarraconensis?
Answer: To fight in the Cantabrian Wars
Explanation: The primary military objective for Legio IV Macedonica in Hispania Tarraconensis was to participate in the Cantabrian Wars.
After the Cantabrian Wars, what additional roles did the soldiers of Legio IV Macedonica undertake in Hispania?
Answer: They served as civil servants.
Explanation: Following the conclusion of the Cantabrian Wars, soldiers of Legio IV Macedonica transitioned into civil servant roles within Hispania.
Which Roman Emperor likely transferred Legio IV Macedonica to Mainz in Germania Superior?
Answer: Emperor Claudius
Explanation: Emperor Claudius is generally believed to have been responsible for the transfer of Legio IV Macedonica to Mainz in Germania Superior.
Upon its transfer to Mainz, Legio IV Macedonica replaced which other legion?
Answer: Legio XIV Gemina
Explanation: Upon its relocation to Mainz, Legio IV Macedonica took the place of Legio XIV Gemina.
How was the fortress in Mainz organized when Legio IV Macedonica shared it with Legio XXII Primigenia?
Answer: Legio IV Macedonica resided in the right-hand side, and Legio XXII Primigenia in the left-hand side.
Explanation: In the shared Mainz fortress, Legio IV Macedonica occupied the right-hand side, while the more recently formed Legio XXII Primigenia was assigned the less honorable left-hand side.
What was the strategic importance of Mainz as a station for Roman legions like Legio IV Macedonica?
Answer: It was a key fortress city on the Roman frontier to defend against Germanic tribes.
Explanation: Mainz held strategic importance as a vital fortress city on the Roman frontier in Germania Superior, serving as a crucial base for legions to defend against Germanic tribes.
How did the Cantabrian Wars contribute to the long-term deployment of Legio IV Macedonica in Hispania?
Answer: Its soldiers continued to serve in civil administration roles after the fighting concluded.
Explanation: The Cantabrian Wars resulted in Legio IV Macedonica's prolonged deployment in Hispania, with its soldiers undertaking civil administration duties after the military campaigns concluded.
During the Year of Four Emperors, Legio IV Macedonica supported Emperor Otho against Vitellius.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Year of Four Emperors, Legio IV Macedonica was among the first legions to declare support for Vitellius, not Otho.
Legio IV Macedonica successfully defended Mainz against Germanic tribes during the Batavian Revolt.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Batavian Revolt, Legio IV Macedonica successfully fulfilled its role of guarding Mainz against incursions by Germanic tribes.
Emperor Vespasian rewarded Legio IV Macedonica for its loyalty during the Year of Four Emperors.
Answer: False
Explanation: Due to its prior support for Vitellius, Emperor Vespasian regarded Legio IV Macedonica with suspicion and consequently punished it by disbanding and reconstituting it under a new name, rather than rewarding it.
Vespasian's rebranding of Legio IV Macedonica to Legio IV Flavia Felix was a reward for its exceptional service.
Answer: False
Explanation: Vespasian's rebranding of Legio IV Macedonica as Legio IV Flavia Felix, complete with a new symbol, was a punitive measure and an assertion of new imperial authority, not a reward for service, given the legion's prior allegiance to Vitellius.
Legio IV Macedonica participated in the Battles of Cremona and Bedriacum in support of Vitellius.
Answer: True
Explanation: Soldiers of Legio IV Macedonica indeed participated in the Battles of Cremona and Bedriacum, fighting in support of Vitellius during the Year of Four Emperors.
In what year and by which Roman Emperor was Legio IV Macedonica ultimately disbanded?
Answer: AD 70 by Emperor Vespasian
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was ultimately disbanded in AD 70 by Emperor Vespasian, following its support for Vitellius during the Year of Four Emperors.
During the Year of Four Emperors, which claimant to the imperial throne did Legio IV Macedonica support?
Answer: Vitellius
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was an early supporter of Vitellius during the tumultuous Year of Four Emperors.
What significant actions did Legio IV Macedonica undertake in support of Vitellius during the Year of Four Emperors?
Answer: They conquered the road through Switzerland and fought at Cremona and Bedriacum.
Explanation: In support of Vitellius, soldiers of Legio IV Macedonica marched to Italy, secured the route through Switzerland, and engaged in the Battles of Cremona and Bedriacum.
What was Legio IV Macedonica's role in Germania Inferior during the Batavian Revolt?
Answer: Guarding Mainz against attacks by Germanic tribes.
Explanation: During the Batavian Revolt, Legio IV Macedonica was tasked with the crucial defensive role of guarding Mainz against incursions from various Germanic tribes.
Why was Legio IV Macedonica regarded with suspicion by the new emperor, Vespasian, despite its successful defense of Mainz?
Answer: They had previously supported Vitellius during the Year of Four Emperors.
Explanation: Despite its successful defense of Mainz, Legio IV Macedonica incurred Emperor Vespasian's suspicion due to its earlier allegiance to Vitellius during the Year of Four Emperors.
The new symbol adopted by Legio IV Flavia Felix was an eagle, representing imperial power.
Answer: False
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix adopted the lion as its new symbol, which was associated with Vespasian's favored deity, Hercules, rather than an eagle.
Legio IV Flavia Felix was first moved to Burnum in Dalmatia after its reconstitution.
Answer: True
Explanation: Upon its reconstitution, the newly named Legio IV Flavia Felix was indeed initially stationed at Burnum in Dalmatia.
Legio IV Flavia Felix remained stationed in Burnum, Dalmatia, until 85 CE before moving to Moesia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix was stationed in Burnum, Dalmatia, until 70 CE, not 85 CE, before its transfer to Moesia.
Legio IV Flavia Felix fought against the Alemmani and the Dacians during the reign of Emperor Domitian.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical records confirm that Legio IV Flavia Felix engaged in conflicts against both the Alemmani and the Dacians during the reign of Emperor Domitian.
The final known location of Legio IV Flavia Felix was Burnum in Dalmatia, where it disappeared from history.
Answer: False
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix was stationed in Burnum only until 70 CE; its final known location was Singidunum in Moesia, where it remained for approximately 200 years before disappearing from historical records.
General Corbulo was responsible for transferring Legio IV Flavia Felix to Syria.
Answer: True
Explanation: General Corbulo is credited with the transfer of 'the legion' to Syria, which, in the context of the kit, refers to Legio IV Flavia Felix.
Legio IV Flavia Felix fought in Trajan's Dacian Wars.
Answer: True
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix actively participated in Emperor Trajan's significant Dacian Wars, contributing to Rome's expansion and consolidation of power in the region.
What was the new name given to the reconstituted Legio IV Macedonica under Emperor Vespasian?
Answer: Legio IV Flavia Felix
Explanation: Under Emperor Vespasian, the reconstituted legion was given the new name Legio IV Flavia Felix.
What new symbol was adopted by Legio IV Flavia Felix, and what was its significance?
Answer: The lion, related to Hercules, Vespasian's favorite deity.
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix adopted the lion as its new symbol, a choice linked to Hercules, Emperor Vespasian's favored deity.
Where was the newly named Legio IV Flavia Felix first moved after its reconstitution?
Answer: Burnum
Explanation: After its reconstitution, Legio IV Flavia Felix was initially moved to Burnum, a Roman military camp in Dalmatia.
How long did Legio IV Flavia Felix remain stationed in Burnum, Dalmatia?
Answer: Until 70 CE
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix was stationed in Burnum, Dalmatia, until 70 CE.
To which province was Legio IV Flavia Felix transferred in 85 CE?
Answer: Moesia
Explanation: In 85 CE, Legio IV Flavia Felix was transferred to Singidunum in the Roman province of Moesia.
Which general was responsible for transferring 'the legion' to Syria at some point?
Answer: Corbulo
Explanation: General Corbulo was responsible for the transfer of the legion to Syria.
During the reign of Emperor Domitian, Legio IV Flavia Felix fought against which tribes?
Answer: Alemmani and Dacians
Explanation: Under Emperor Domitian, Legio IV Flavia Felix engaged in military campaigns against the Alemmani and the Dacians.
In which major wars did Legio IV Flavia Felix participate under Emperor Trajan?
Answer: Trajan's Dacian Wars
Explanation: Legio IV Flavia Felix was a participant in Emperor Trajan's significant Dacian Wars.
Lucius Blattius served as a Legatus with Legio IV Macedonica during the Flavian Dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lucius Blattius served as a Centurio with the legion during the Flavian Dynasty, not as a Legatus.
A brick stamp found in Rheinzabern with 'LEG IV MAC' confirms the legion's presence and activities there.
Answer: True
Explanation: The discovery of a brick stamp inscribed with 'LEG IV MAC' in Rheinzabern provides tangible archaeological evidence of Legio IV Macedonica's presence and involvement in local activities.
Roman legions primarily served as ceremonial guards for the emperor.
Answer: False
Explanation: Roman legions, including Legio IV Macedonica, primarily functioned as the backbone of the Roman military, responsible for conquest, defense, and maintaining order, rather than serving as ceremonial guards.
Julius Caesar's role as 'dictator' from 49-44 BC signified a temporary, limited authority granted only for specific religious ceremonies.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the context of Julius Caesar's tenure, a 'dictator' held extraordinary, albeit temporary, absolute authority to address crises, not a limited role confined to religious ceremonies.
The 'Year of Four Emperors' was a period of stability and peaceful imperial succession in Rome.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Year of Four Emperors' was, in fact, a tumultuous period characterized by widespread civil war and profound political instability, directly contradicting the notion of peaceful imperial succession.
What was the common abbreviation for Legio IV Macedonica, as seen on a brick stamp?
Answer: LEG IV MAC
Explanation: The common abbreviation for Legio IV Macedonica, as evidenced by a brick stamp, was 'LEG IV MAC'.
What information is provided by the epigraphic inscription found in Logrono, Spain, regarding Legio IV Macedonica?
Answer: The name and age of a soldier, Caius Valerius Cai filius Voltinia Donatus.
Explanation: An epigraphic inscription discovered in Logrono, Spain, identifies a soldier of Legio IIII Macedonica as 'Caius Valerius Cai filius Voltinia Donatus,' and indicates his age as 39.
What was the rank of Lucius Blattius, who served with the legion during the Flavian Dynasty?
Answer: Centurio
Explanation: Lucius Blattius held the rank of Centurio while serving with the legion during the Flavian Dynasty.
What type of military unit was Legio IV Macedonica?
Answer: A Roman legion
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was a Roman legion, a fundamental and highly organized unit of the Imperial Roman army.
In which historical periods was Legio IV Macedonica active?
Answer: From 48 BCE, during the late Republic, until the 4th century CE, within the Roman Empire.
Explanation: Legio IV Macedonica was active from 48 BCE, spanning the late Roman Republic, and continued its service into the Roman Empire until the 4th century CE.