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The formal establishment date for the position of U.S. Ambassador to Niger was October 14, 1960.
Answer: True
Explanation: The position of United States Ambassador to Niger was formally established on October 14, 1960.
R. Borden Reams was the first individual appointed as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Niger.
Answer: True
Explanation: R. Borden Reams holds the distinction of being the first appointed United States Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Niger.
Donald R. Norland served as the first Chargé d'Affaires ad interim, commencing his duties after Niger's independence in 1960.
Answer: False
Explanation: Donald R. Norland served as the first Chargé d'Affaires ad interim, presenting his credentials on August 2, 1960, which was the day of Niger's independence, not after.
R. Borden Reams presented his credentials as Ambassador to Niger on November 23, 1960.
Answer: True
Explanation: The records indicate that R. Borden Reams presented his credentials as Ambassador to Niger on November 23, 1960.
Mercer Cook, identified as a political appointee, succeeded R. Borden Reams as Ambassador to Niger.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mercer Cook, a political appointee, followed R. Borden Reams in the role of U.S. Ambassador to Niger.
The U.S. Embassy in Niamey was established during R. Borden Reams' tenure as a non-resident ambassador.
Answer: True
Explanation: The U.S. Embassy in Niamey was established on February 3, 1961, during R. Borden Reams' period of service as a non-resident ambassador.
When was the formal position of United States Ambassador to Niger established?
Answer: October 14, 1960
Explanation: The formal position of United States Ambassador to Niger was established on October 14, 1960.
Who was the very first U.S. Chargé d'Affaires ad interim in Niger, serving at the time of independence?
Answer: Donald R. Norland
Explanation: Donald R. Norland served as the first American Chargé d'Affaires ad interim, commencing his duties on August 3, 1960, the day of Niger's independence.
Which individual is recognized as the first appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Niger?
Answer: R. Borden Reams
Explanation: R. Borden Reams was the first individual appointed to the position of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Niger.
What was the duration of R. Borden Reams' mission as Ambassador to Niger?
Answer: From October 1960 to August 1961
Explanation: R. Borden Reams' mission as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Niger spanned from his appointment on October 14, 1960, to August 2, 1961.
Who succeeded R. Borden Reams, and what was their appointment type?
Answer: Mercer Cook, Political Appointee
Explanation: Mercer Cook, identified as a political appointee, succeeded R. Borden Reams as the U.S. Ambassador to Niger.
Mercer Cook's tenure as U.S. Ambassador to Niger lasted from his credential presentation until which date?
Answer: May 30, 1964
Explanation: Mercer Cook's service as Ambassador to Niger concluded on May 30, 1964.
The nomination of the U.S. Ambassador to Niger is exclusively the responsibility of the United States Senate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The nomination of the U.S. Ambassador to Niger is the responsibility of the President of the United States; the Senate provides advice and consent.
The designation 'Career FSO' indicates an ambassador is appointed based on political connections.
Answer: False
Explanation: The designation 'Career FSO' signifies a professional background in diplomacy within the Foreign Service, contrasting with 'Political Appointee' roles.
A 'Political Appointee' ambassador must receive confirmation from the United States Senate.
Answer: True
Explanation: Appointments designated as 'Political Appointee' require the advice and consent of the United States Senate.
The title 'Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary' is a lesser diplomatic rank than a Chargé d'Affaires ad interim.
Answer: False
Explanation: The title 'Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary' represents the highest rank of U.S. diplomatic representative, superior to a Chargé d'Affaires ad interim.
A Chargé d'Affaires ad interim is the permanent head of a diplomatic mission.
Answer: False
Explanation: A Chargé d'Affaires ad interim serves as the temporary head of a diplomatic mission, responsible during the ambassador's absence.
Which entity is primarily responsible for nominating the U.S. Ambassador to Niger?
Answer: The President of the United States
Explanation: The President of the United States holds the responsibility for nominating individuals to serve as U.S. Ambassadors.
Following presidential nomination, what is the subsequent critical step in the appointment process for a U.S. Ambassador?
Answer: Advice and consent of the United States Senate
Explanation: After nomination by the President, U.S. Ambassadorial appointments require the advice and consent of the United States Senate to be finalized.
What does the 'Career FSO' designation imply about an ambassador?
Answer: They have a professional background in diplomacy within the Foreign Service.
Explanation: The 'Career FSO' designation indicates that an ambassador is a career member of the United States Foreign Service, possessing a professional background in diplomacy.
Which of the following ambassadors were explicitly identified as 'Political Appointees' in the source text?
Answer: Samuel C. Adams, Jr., Charles A. James
Explanation: The source text identifies Samuel C. Adams, Jr. and Charles A. James as political appointees among the U.S. Ambassadors to Niger.
Robert J. Ryan served as Ambassador to Niger for approximately four years, from 1964 to 1968.
Answer: True
Explanation: Robert J. Ryan's tenure as Ambassador to Niger spanned from August 24, 1964, to August 19, 1968, constituting approximately four years of service.
Samuel C. Adams, Jr. served a full four-year term as Ambassador to Niger.
Answer: False
Explanation: Samuel C. Adams, Jr. served from September 10, 1968, to October 3, 1969, which is less than a full four-year term.
Roswell D. McClelland's ambassadorship began with the presentation of credentials on July 27, 1970.
Answer: True
Explanation: Roswell D. McClelland presented his credentials as Ambassador to Niger on July 27, 1970.
L. Douglas Heck served as Ambassador to Niger for less than two years.
Answer: False
Explanation: L. Douglas Heck served from May 30, 1974, to July 20, 1976, a period exceeding two years.
Charles A. James, a Career FSO, served as Ambassador to Niger from 1976 to 1979.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles A. James was a Political Appointee, not a Career FSO, although his service dates were from December 1976 to July 1979.
James Keough Bishop's tenure as Ambassador concluded in May 1981.
Answer: True
Explanation: James Keough Bishop's service as Ambassador to Niger concluded on May 29, 1981.
William Robert Casey, Jr. was a Career Foreign Service Officer.
Answer: False
Explanation: William Robert Casey, Jr. was appointed as a Political Appointee, not a Career Foreign Service Officer.
Richard Wayne Bogosian served as Ambassador to Niger during the late 1980s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Richard Wayne Bogosian served as Ambassador to Niger from October 1985 to August 1988, which falls within the late 1980s.
Carl Copeland Cundiff's ambassadorship concluded in 1993.
Answer: False
Explanation: Carl Copeland Cundiff's ambassadorship concluded in July 1991, not 1993.
Jennifer C. Ward served as Ambassador to Niger for less than two years.
Answer: True
Explanation: Jennifer C. Ward served from August 16, 1991, to May 28, 1993, a period of approximately 1 year and 9 months, which is less than two years.
John S. Davison's term as Ambassador ended in July 1996.
Answer: True
Explanation: John S. Davison's term as Ambassador to Niger concluded on July 28, 1996.
Charles O. Cecil served as Ambassador to Niger for more than three years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles O. Cecil served from September 6, 1996, to August 13, 1999, a period of less than three years.
Samuel C. Adams, Jr. served as Ambassador to Niger during which period?
Answer: 1968 - 1969
Explanation: Samuel C. Adams, Jr. served as Ambassador to Niger from September 10, 1968, to October 3, 1969.
Roswell D. McClelland, a Career FSO, served as Ambassador from July 1970 until:
Answer: July 7, 1973
Explanation: Roswell D. McClelland's term as Ambassador concluded on July 7, 1973.
Charles A. James, identified as a political appointee, served as Ambassador during which years?
Answer: 1976 - 1979
Explanation: Charles A. James served as Ambassador to Niger from December 11, 1976, to July 5, 1979.
James Keough Bishop, a Career FSO, served as Ambassador to Niger from September 1979 until:
Answer: May 29, 1981
Explanation: James Keough Bishop's tenure as Ambassador concluded on May 29, 1981.
Which of the following served as a political appointee ambassador to Niger?
Answer: William Robert Casey, Jr.
Explanation: William Robert Casey, Jr. is identified in the source material as a political appointee ambassador to Niger.
Richard Wayne Bogosian, a Career FSO, served as Ambassador during the period:
Answer: 1985 - 1988
Explanation: Richard Wayne Bogosian served as Ambassador to Niger from October 11, 1985, to August 7, 1988.
Carl Copeland Cundiff's ambassadorship, starting in September 1988, concluded in:
Answer: July 1991
Explanation: Carl Copeland Cundiff's ambassadorship concluded on July 10, 1991.
Jennifer C. Ward, a Career FSO, served as Ambassador from August 1991 to:
Answer: May 1993
Explanation: Jennifer C. Ward served as Ambassador from August 16, 1991, to May 28, 1993.
John S. Davison served as Ambassador to Niger from October 1993 until:
Answer: July 1996
Explanation: John S. Davison's term as Ambassador concluded on July 28, 1996.
Charles O. Cecil's tenure as Ambassador, beginning September 1996, ended in:
Answer: August 1999
Explanation: Charles O. Cecil's tenure as Ambassador concluded on August 13, 1999.
Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick's ambassadorship spanned from 1999 to 2002.
Answer: True
Explanation: Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick served as Ambassador to Niger from October 1999 to July 2002.
Gail Dennise Thomas Mathieu served as Ambassador to Niger for less than two years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gail Dennise Thomas Mathieu served from December 2002 to September 2005, a period of nearly three years, not less than two.
Bernadette M. Allen's tenure as Ambassador concluded in January 2010.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bernadette M. Allen's tenure as Ambassador to Niger concluded on January 15, 2010.
Bisa Williams served as Ambassador to Niger for over three years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bisa Williams served from October 29, 2010, to September 13, 2013, a period of less than three years.
Eunice S. Reddick's ambassadorship ended in January 2018.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eunice S. Reddick's ambassadorship concluded on January 25, 2018.
Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick served as Ambassador to Niger from October 1999 until:
Answer: July 2002
Explanation: Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick's ambassadorship concluded on July 12, 2002.
Gail Dennise Thomas Mathieu served as Ambassador from December 2002 to:
Answer: September 2005
Explanation: Gail Dennise Thomas Mathieu served as Ambassador from December 4, 2002, to September 30, 2005.
Bernadette M. Allen, a Career FSO, served as Ambassador from April 2006 until:
Answer: January 2010
Explanation: Bernadette M. Allen's tenure as Ambassador concluded on January 15, 2010.
Bisa Williams served as Ambassador to Niger from October 2010 to:
Answer: September 2013
Explanation: Bisa Williams served as Ambassador from October 29, 2010, to September 13, 2013.
Eunice S. Reddick's ambassadorship ran from July 2014 until:
Answer: January 2018
Explanation: Eunice S. Reddick's ambassadorship concluded on January 25, 2018.
As of August 19, 2023, Kathleen A. FitzGibbon holds the position of United States Ambassador to Niger.
Answer: True
Explanation: Kathleen A. FitzGibbon assumed the role of United States Ambassador to Niger on August 19, 2023.
Eric P. Whitaker served as Ambassador to Niger until December 2021.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eric P. Whitaker's tenure as Ambassador to Niger concluded on December 1, 2021.
Susan N’Garnim served as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim immediately following the appointment of Kathleen A. FitzGibbon.
Answer: False
Explanation: Susan N’Garnim served as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim from December 2021 until August 2023, preceding Kathleen A. FitzGibbon's appointment.
Eric P. Whitaker served as Ambassador from January 2018 until:
Answer: December 2021
Explanation: Eric P. Whitaker's tenure as Ambassador concluded on December 1, 2021.
What is the official website for the U.S. Embassy in Niger?
Answer: https://ne.usembassy.gov/
Explanation: The official website for the U.S. Embassy in Niger is located at https://ne.usembassy.gov/.