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Lucas Horenbout was born in England and later moved to Flanders to study art.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Lucas Horenbout was born in Ghent, Flanders, and received his initial training there from his father, Gerard Horenbout, before moving to England.
Lucas Horenbout achieved master status in his local artists' guild in the year 1531.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout became a master of the local Guild of Saint Luke in Ghent in the year 1512, not 1531.
Lucas Horenbout died in Ghent and was survived by his father and sister.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout died in London and was buried at Saint Martin in the Fields. He was survived by his wife and daughter, not his father and sister.
Lucas Horenbout's training in Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting provided the basis for his work in England.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout's foundational skills in Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting, acquired through his training, were adapted and applied to establish the English tradition of portrait miniatures.
Lucas Horenbout died in London and was buried at Saint Martin in the Fields.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout died in London and was subsequently buried at the church of Saint Martin in the Fields.
In which city was Lucas Horenbout born?
Answer: Ghent
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout was born in Ghent, Flanders, where he received his initial artistic training from his father, Gerard Horenbout.
What artistic tradition did Lucas Horenbout emerge from before moving to England?
Answer: Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout was trained in the final phase of Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting, a tradition in which his father, Gerard Horenbout, was a significant figure.
When did Lucas Horenbout become a master in his local artists' guild?
Answer: 1512
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout achieved master status in the local Guild of Saint Luke in Ghent in the year 1512.
Where was Lucas Horenbout buried?
Answer: Saint Martin in the Fields, London
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout died in London and was buried at the church of Saint Martin in the Fields.
Gerard Horenbout, Lucas's father, served as the court painter for Margaret of Austria, the regent of the Netherlands.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout, Lucas's father, served as the court painter to Margaret of Austria, the regent of the Netherlands, from 1515 until approximately 1522.
Margaret of Austria was a distant relative of Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII's first wife.
Answer: False
Explanation: Margaret of Austria was twice a sister-in-law to Catherine of Aragon, indicating a closer familial connection than merely being distant relatives.
Lucas Horenbout married Margaret Holsewyther, an artist of German descent likely born in England.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout married Margaret Holsewyther, who is described as an artist of German descent likely born in England.
Gerard Horenbout died in England in 1540 and was buried in London.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout died on the Continent, specifically in Ghent, by 1540, not in England.
Susannah Hornebolt, Lucas's sister, sold a miniature to Albrecht Dürer in Antwerp in 1521.
Answer: True
Explanation: Albrecht Dürer's records document his purchase of a miniature from Susannah Hornebolt in Antwerp in May 1521, indicating her artistic activity on the Continent.
Margaret Holsewyther continued her artistic work after Lucas Horenbout's death, receiving payments from Queen Catherine Parr.
Answer: True
Explanation: Margaret Holsewyther continued her artistic endeavors after Lucas's death, receiving payments from Queen Catherine Parr for miniatures and inheriting Lucas's studio.
Margaret Holsewyther inherited Lucas Horenbout's studio after his death.
Answer: True
Explanation: Margaret Holsewyther, Lucas's wife, inherited his studio along with their daughter, indicating a continuation of the family's artistic practice.
Lucas Horenbout's father, Gerard, served as court painter to Margaret of Austria from 1515 until around 1522.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout served as court painter to Margaret of Austria from 1515 until approximately 1522.
Margaret Holsewyther continued her artistic endeavors after Lucas's death and inherited his studio.
Answer: True
Explanation: Margaret Holsewyther continued her artistic work after Lucas's death and inherited his studio along with their daughter.
Gerard Horenbout was a significant figure in the final phase of Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout is recognized as a significant figure within the final phase of Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting.
Susannah Hornebolt was recorded as married to John Palmer in 1529.
Answer: True
Explanation: Susannah Hornebolt, Lucas's sister, was recorded as being married to a John Palmer in the year 1529.
Who was Gerard Horenbout's primary patron before the Horenbout family moved to England?
Answer: Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout, Lucas's father, served as the court painter to Margaret of Austria, the regent of the Netherlands, from 1515 until approximately 1522.
What was the familial relationship between Margaret of Austria and Catherine of Aragon?
Answer: Margaret was twice Catherine's sister-in-law.
Explanation: Margaret of Austria was twice a sister-in-law to Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England.
Who did Lucas Horenbout marry, and what is noted about her background?
Answer: Margaret Holsewyther, an artist of German descent likely born in England.
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout married Margaret Holsewyther, who is described as an artist of German descent and was likely born in England.
Where did Gerard Horenbout die?
Answer: Ghent, Flanders
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout died on the Continent, specifically in Ghent, by 1540.
What evidence suggests Susannah Hornebolt was an established artist before potentially moving to England?
Answer: Albrecht Dürer purchased a miniature from her in Antwerp in 1521.
Explanation: Albrecht Dürer's records document his purchase of a miniature from Susannah Hornebolt in Antwerp in 1521, indicating her work was recognized and traded internationally.
Who inherited Lucas Horenbout's studio along with his daughter?
Answer: His wife, Margaret Holsewyther
Explanation: Margaret Holsewyther, Lucas's wife, inherited his studio along with their daughter, Jacquemine.
What connection existed between Gerard Horenbout and the Habsburg court?
Answer: He served as court painter to Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands.
Explanation: Gerard Horenbout served as court painter to Margaret of Austria, who was the Regent of the Netherlands and a significant figure within the Habsburg court.
Lucas Horenbout relocated to England accompanied by his wife, Margaret Holsewyther.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates Lucas Horenbout moved to England possibly accompanied by his sister Susannah and father Gerard; his wife Margaret Holsewyther is not mentioned as accompanying him on this initial move.
Lucas Horenbout received his first payment from the English King in September 1525, under the title 'King's Painter'.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout first received payment in September 1525 with the title 'pictor maker', not 'King's Painter'.
Lucas Horenbout was officially appointed King's Painter for life in 1531.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Lucas Horenbout was described as the King's Painter by 1531, his appointment for life was officially confirmed in June 1534.
Lucas Horenbout's annual salary as King's Painter was significantly lower than Hans Holbein the Younger's.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout's annual salary of sixty-two pounds and ten shillings was significantly higher than the thirty pounds per year Hans Holbein the Younger received during his period as court painter.
As King's Painter, Lucas Horenbout was permitted to employ up to four foreign journeymen.
Answer: True
Explanation: In addition to his salary and tenement, Lucas Horenbout was permitted to employ up to four foreign journeymen as part of his royal appointment.
Lucas Horenbout's status as a 'denizen' granted him full English citizenship rights immediately.
Answer: False
Explanation: Becoming a 'denizen' in 1534 effectively granted Lucas Horenbout naturalized citizen status in England, but it did not grant full citizenship rights immediately.
Lucas Horenbout was appointed King's Painter for life in June 1534.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout's appointment as King's Painter was confirmed for life in June 1534.
Lucas Horenbout's salary was sixty-two pounds and ten shillings annually.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout received an annual salary of sixty-two pounds and ten shillings during his tenure as King's Painter.
The Horenbout family's move to England was primarily motivated by seeking refuge from religious persecution.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary motivation for the Horenbout family's move to England is debated, but seeking refuge from religious persecution is not cited as the main reason; rather, it is linked to artistic opportunities.
Lucas Horenbout was granted a tenement in Charing Cross as part of his royal appointment.
Answer: True
Explanation: As part of his royal appointment as King's Painter, Lucas Horenbout was granted a tenement located in Charing Cross.
What was Lucas Horenbout's primary artistic role and title at the English court?
Answer: King's Painter and court miniaturist
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout served King Henry VIII as the King's Painter and court miniaturist from 1525 until his death in 1544, establishing the English tradition of portrait miniature painting.
Which of the following individuals might Lucas Horenbout have been accompanied by when moving to England?
Answer: His sister Susannah and his father Gerard
Explanation: The source indicates that Lucas Horenbout possibly moved to England accompanied by his sister Susannah Hornebolt and his father Gerard Horenbout.
What was Lucas Horenbout's initial title when first documented receiving payment in England in September 1525?
Answer: Pictor Maker
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout is documented receiving payment from the English King starting in September 1525 with the title 'pictor maker'.
In what year was Lucas Horenbout officially confirmed as the King's Painter for life?
Answer: 1534
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout's appointment as King's Painter was confirmed for life in June 1534.
What was Lucas Horenbout's annual salary as King's Painter?
Answer: Sixty-two pounds and ten shillings
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout received an annual salary of sixty-two pounds and ten shillings as King's Painter.
Which of the following was NOT among the benefits granted to Lucas Horenbout as King's Painter?
Answer: The title of Royal Sculptor
Explanation: Benefits granted to Lucas Horenbout included a tenement, permission to employ journeymen, and a substantial salary, but not the title of Royal Sculptor.
What benefit did Lucas Horenbout gain by becoming a 'denizen' in 1534?
Answer: He was granted naturalized citizen status in England.
Explanation: Becoming a 'denizen' in 1534 effectively granted Lucas Horenbout naturalized citizen status in England, solidifying his position and facilitating his work.
Lucas Horenbout, also known as Hornebolte, was a Flemish artist who established the English tradition of portrait miniature painting.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies Lucas Horenbout as a Flemish artist who was instrumental in establishing the English tradition of portrait miniature painting.
Lucas Horenbout is credited with establishing the English school of landscape painting.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout is credited with establishing the English school of portrait miniature painting, not landscape painting.
Three lost miniatures by Jean Clouet may have inspired the development of portrait miniatures in England.
Answer: True
Explanation: It is suggested that three lost miniatures, possibly created by Jean Clouet of the French court, may have inspired the development of portrait miniatures in England.
No surviving works by Lucas Horenbout are known from media other than miniatures and illuminations.
Answer: False
Explanation: While no certain surviving works are known, Lucas Horenbout is recorded as having potentially worked in other media, including panel paintings, woodcuts, and decorations for royal festivities.
Lucas Horenbout's arrival in England coincided with a sudden emergence of the portrait miniature tradition.
Answer: True
Explanation: The tradition of portrait miniature painting began to emerge in England shortly after Lucas Horenbout's arrival, suggesting his arrival coincided with this sudden development.
Lucas Horenbout is primarily credited with establishing which artistic tradition in England?
Answer: Portrait miniature painting
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout is credited with founding the distinct English school of portrait miniature painting.
What continental influence is suggested to have inspired the development of portrait miniatures in England?
Answer: Lost miniatures possibly by Jean Clouet of the French court
Explanation: Three lost miniatures, possibly by Jean Clouet of the French court, are suggested as a continental influence that inspired the development of portrait miniatures in England.
Besides miniatures, what other artistic forms is Lucas Horenbout recorded as potentially working in, though no certain works survive?
Answer: Panel paintings, woodcuts, and decorations for festivities
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout is recorded as potentially working in panel paintings, woodcuts, and decorations for royal festivities, although no certain surviving works in these media are known.
A debated theory suggests the Horenbout family moved to England to help Cardinal Wolsey establish a new royal library.
Answer: False
Explanation: A debated theory suggests the Horenbout family moved to England to help revive the art of English manuscript illumination, not specifically to establish a royal library.
Karel van Mander claimed Lucas Horenbout taught illumination to Hans Holbein the Younger, though this is doubted by some historians.
Answer: True
Explanation: The writer Karel van Mander claimed that Lucas Horenbout taught illumination to Hans Holbein the Younger; however, this assertion is met with skepticism by some art historians.
Roy Strong suggested Lucas Horenbout was associated with the Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop.
Answer: True
Explanation: Art historian Roy Strong proposed a connection between Lucas Horenbout and an artist known as the Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop.
Attributing specific works among Gerard, Lucas, and Susanna Horenbout is straightforward due to clear documentation.
Answer: False
Explanation: Attributing specific works among the Horenbout family members is challenging due to a lack of precise documentation, making it not straightforward.
The Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop, associated with Horenbout, produced highly acclaimed portraits.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Roy Strong linked Lucas Horenbout to the Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop, the workshop's output is described as rather undistinguished, not highly acclaimed.
What is a debated theory regarding the Horenbout family's migration to England?
Answer: They were invited to establish a workshop to revive English manuscript illumination.
Explanation: A debated theory suggests the Horenbout family's migration to England was linked to an invitation to establish a workshop aimed at reviving English manuscript illumination.
According to Karel van Mander, what skill did Lucas Horenbout allegedly teach Hans Holbein the Younger?
Answer: The art of illumination
Explanation: Karel van Mander claimed that Lucas Horenbout taught the art of illumination to Hans Holbein the Younger.
Roy Strong proposed a connection between Lucas Horenbout and which artist or workshop?
Answer: The Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop
Explanation: Roy Strong suggested a connection between Lucas Horenbout and an artist known as the Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop.
Most surviving portrait miniatures attributed to Horenbout depict members of the English nobility, excluding royalty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The majority of surviving miniatures attributed to Horenbout depict members of royal families, including several of Henry VIII's Queens, not solely English nobility excluding royalty.
The majority of datable portrait miniatures attributed to Lucas Horenbout originate from the 1530s.
Answer: False
Explanation: A significant proportion of the datable portrait miniatures attributed to Lucas Horenbout originate from the 1520s, not the 1530s.
Lucas Horenbout's 1543 miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger was based on a self-portrait drawing by Holbein.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucas Horenbout's 1543 miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger was indeed based on a self-portrait drawing by Holbein himself.
Technical analysis of the 1543 Holbein miniature revealed identical techniques to Holbein's own work, confirming Horenbout's authorship.
Answer: False
Explanation: Technical analysis revealed differences from Holbein's characteristic techniques, suggesting the miniature was executed by a different artist, presumed to be Horenbout, rather than confirming identical techniques.
One version of the miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger by Horenbout is housed in the Louvre Museum.
Answer: False
Explanation: The two attributed versions of the miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger by Horenbout are located in the Wallace Collection and the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch, not the Louvre Museum.
Illuminated decorations attributed to Horenbout are found on royal charters and Acts of state.
Answer: True
Explanation: Illuminated decorations attributed to Horenbout have been identified on official royal documents, specifically charters and Acts of state.
An illuminated manuscript at Hatfield House featuring miniatures has been attributed to Lucas Horenbout or his father.
Answer: False
Explanation: An illuminated manuscript at Hatfield House featuring miniatures has been attributed to Lucas Horenbout or his sister, Susannah, not his father.
The Sforza Hours manuscript contains illuminations tentatively attributed to Gerard Horenbout.
Answer: False
Explanation: Certain illuminations within the Sforza Hours manuscript are tentatively attributed to one of the Horenbout siblings, not specifically to Gerard.
The portrait of Henry VIII dated 1525-26, held in the Fitzwilliam Museum, is described as a work by Lucas Horenbout.
Answer: True
Explanation: A portrait miniature of Henry VIII, created between 1525 and 1526 and held in the Fitzwilliam Museum, is described as being by Lucas Horenbout.
The gallery images include portraits of Henry FitzRoy, Jane Seymour, and Catherine of Aragon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided gallery images indeed include portraits of Henry FitzRoy, Jane Seymour, and Catherine of Aragon.
The miniature portrait of Henry VIII in the Fitzwilliam Museum is dated to the 1530s.
Answer: False
Explanation: The miniature portrait of Henry VIII in the Fitzwilliam Museum is dated to 1525-26, not the 1530s.
The portrait of Jane Seymour shown is dated 1536-37.
Answer: True
Explanation: The portrait of Jane Seymour depicted in the gallery images is dated to the period of 1536-37.
How many surviving portrait miniatures are generally attributed to Lucas Horenbout in recent decades?
Answer: Twenty-three
Explanation: In recent decades, approximately twenty-three surviving portrait miniatures have been generally attributed to Lucas Horenbout.
What is a key characteristic noted about the subjects of miniatures attributed to Horenbout?
Answer: They are typically members of royal families, including several of Henry VIII's Queens.
Explanation: The subjects of miniatures attributed to Horenbout are typically members of royal families, including at least four of Henry VIII's Queens, with the exception of one portrait of Holbein.
From which decade do most datable portrait miniatures attributed to Horenbout originate?
Answer: 1520s
Explanation: Most datable portrait miniatures attributed to Lucas Horenbout originate from the 1520s.
What is significant about Horenbout's 1543 miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger?
Answer: It was based on a self-portrait drawing by Holbein.
Explanation: Horenbout's 1543 miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger is significant because it was based on a self-portrait drawing by Holbein himself.
Where are the two attributed versions of the miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger located?
Answer: The Wallace Collection and the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch
Explanation: The two attributed versions of the miniature portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger by Horenbout are housed in the Wallace Collection and the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch.
Illuminated decorations attributed to Horenbout are found on which types of official documents?
Answer: Charters and Acts of state
Explanation: Illuminated decorations attributed to Horenbout are found on certain royal documents, specifically charters and Acts of state.
Which illuminated manuscript, housed at Hatfield House, has been attributed to Lucas Horenbout or his sister?
Answer: An unnamed manuscript with two elaborate full-page miniatures
Explanation: An illuminated manuscript at Hatfield House, featuring two elaborate full-page miniatures, has been attributed to Lucas Horenbout or his sister, Susannah.
What is tentatively attributed to one of the Horenbout siblings within the significant Sforza Hours manuscript?
Answer: Certain illuminations
Explanation: Certain illuminations within the major Sforza Hours manuscript have been tentatively attributed to one of the Horenbout siblings.
The portrait of Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, shown in the gallery images, is dated:
Answer: 1534-35
Explanation: The portrait of Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, depicted in the gallery images, is dated 1534-35.
External resources for Lucas Horenbout include links to government art collections and archival materials.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided external resources for Lucas Horenbout include links to government art collections and archival materials, among other scholarly databases.
Authority control databases linked for Horenbout include only national library catalogs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The linked authority control databases for Horenbout include more than just national library catalogs, encompassing VIAF, GND, ULAN, and RKD Artists, among others.
Which of the following is listed in the 'See also' section related to Lucas Horenbout?
Answer: Artists of the Tudor court
Explanation: The 'See also' section related to Lucas Horenbout lists 'Artists of the Tudor court', indicating related individuals and the broader historical context.
Which major international authority control database is NOT explicitly mentioned as linked for Lucas Horenbout?
Answer: LCNAF (Library of Congress Name Authority File)
Explanation: The linked authority control databases mentioned are VIAF, GND, and ULAN, among others. LCNAF (Library of Congress Name Authority File) is not explicitly mentioned.