Explanation: Luxembourg is a landlocked country, but it shares borders with Belgium, Germany, and France, not Switzerland.

Explanation: The estimated population for Luxembourg in 2025 is 681,973, and it indeed has the highest population growth rate in Europe.

Explanation: The northern third of Luxembourg is known as the Éislek or Oesling and is characterized by hills and low mountains. The southern two-thirds is called the Guttland.

Explanation: The Kneiff, located near Wilwerdange, is indeed the highest point in Luxembourg, standing at 560 meters.

Explanation: Luxembourg aims to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and a target of 49% electric cars by 2030, not the other way around.

Explanation: Luxembourg experiences an oceanic climate characterized by high levels of precipitation, particularly during late summer, with warm summers and cool winters, not low precipitation and dry summers.

Explanation: As of 2025, Luxembourg City is the largest city in Luxembourg by population, with Esch-sur-Alzette being the second largest.

Explanation: In 2025, foreign nationals constituted 47% of Luxembourg's total population, which is almost half. However, the Portuguese were the largest foreign national group (13.2%), followed by the French (7.2%).

Explanation: Luxembourg shares borders with Belgium, Germany, and France. Switzerland is not a bordering country.

Explanation: Luxembourg's population is estimated at 681,973 for the year 2025.

Explanation: The Kneiff, located near Wilwerdange, is the highest point in Luxembourg at 560 meters.

Explanation: Luxembourg experiences an oceanic climate, classified as Cfb under the Köppen climate classification system.

Explanation: As of 2025, Luxembourg City is the most populous city in Luxembourg.

Explanation: In 2025, the Portuguese constituted the largest foreign national group in Luxembourg, making up 13.2% of the total population.

Explanation: The earliest traces of human settlement in present-day Luxembourg date back to the Paleolithic Age, approximately 35,000 years ago, not the Neolithic Age.

Explanation: During the Pax Romana, the local Celtic tribes, the Treveri, adopted Roman culture, language, and way of life, leading to Gallo-Roman civilization, rather than resisting it.

Explanation: The Salian Franks, who settled in the territory from the 4th century, are credited with introducing the Germanic language that evolved into modern-day Luxembourgish.

Explanation: Saint Willibrord established the Abbey of Echternach in AD 698, not AD 798, and it indeed became a major center for Christianization.

Explanation: The recorded history of Luxembourg indeed began in 963 with Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes, acquiring the fort of Lucilinburhuc.

Explanation: By the mid-13th century, the Counts of Luxembourg had significantly expanded their territory, incorporating numerous vassal states between the Meuse and Moselle rivers, not just a few small ones.

Explanation: The House of Luxembourg's influence indeed peaked when Henry VII became the Holy Roman Emperor in 1312.

Explanation: John the Blind founded the Schueberfouer in 1340, not 1440, and died heroically at the Battle of Crécy in 1346, not Agincourt.

Explanation: Luxembourg reached its greatest territorial extent under the rule of Wenceslaus I, who annexed the County of Chiny in 1364, not Henry VII.

Explanation: The House of Luxembourg's rule ended in 1443 due to a succession crisis, and the Duchy subsequently became a possession of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.

Explanation: The earliest traces of human settlement in present-day Luxembourg date back approximately 35,000 years to the Paleolithic Age.

Explanation: Roman rule led to the local Celtic tribes, the Treveri, adopting Roman culture and language, resulting in the emergence of Gallo-Roman civilization.

Explanation: The Salian Franks are credited with introducing the Germanic language to the region, which later evolved into modern-day Luxembourgish.

Explanation: Saint Willibrord, a Northumbrian missionary, established the Abbey of Echternach in AD 698, which was central to the Christianization of Luxembourg.

Explanation: The recorded history of Luxembourg began in 963 when Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes, acquired the fort of Lucilinburhuc.

Explanation: By the mid-13th century, the Counts of Luxembourg had expanded their territory significantly, extending it between the Meuse and Moselle rivers.

Explanation: The highest achievement of the Counts of Luxembourg's ascension to power was when Henry VII became the Holy Roman Emperor in 1312.

Explanation: John the Blind, a national hero, is remembered for his heroic death at the Battle of Crécy in 1346.

Explanation: Luxembourg reached its greatest territorial extent under the reign of Wenceslaus I, who annexed the County of Chiny in 1364.

Explanation: The House of Luxembourg's rule ended in 1443 due to a succession crisis, specifically the lack of a male heir to the throne.

Explanation: Luxembourg was restored in 1815 after Napoleon's defeat, but it regained full independence in 1867 following the Luxembourg Crisis.

Explanation: The French military engineer Marquis de Vauban is credited with significantly advancing the fortifications of the Fortress of Luxembourg.

Explanation: During the French annexation, republican reforms were implemented, including making French, not German, the sole official language.

Explanation: The Second Partition of Luxembourg in 1815, which saw territory ceded to Prussia, led to the Duchy being elevated to a Grand-Duchy as compensation.

Explanation: The 1839 Treaty of London was crucial in establishing Luxembourg's modern-day borders and affirming its full independence.

Explanation: The Second Treaty of London in 1867 resolved the Luxembourg Crisis by reaffirming the Grand Duchy's independence and neutrality, and a key condition was the dismantling of its strategic fortress.

Explanation: Luxembourg achieved full independence with its own monarchy in 1890, adopting the national motto 'Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn' (We want to remain what we are), not 'Freedom or Death'.

Explanation: During World War II, Nazi Germany treated Luxembourg as German territory and informally annexed it, a significant departure from Imperial Germany's occupation in World War I, which largely allowed Luxembourg to maintain its independence.

Explanation: Grand-Duchess Marie-Adélaïde abdicated after World War I due to accusations of collaborating with the Germans and disloyalty from her own armed forces, despite a popular referendum that supported the monarchy.

Explanation: The 'Klëppelkrich' was indeed a rebellion by Luxembourgish peasants in 1798, triggered by the French Army's introduction of military duty and other republican reforms.

Explanation: The 'Gëlle Fra' monument commemorates the sacrifices of Luxembourgers who served in the French army during World War I, not the German army.

Explanation: Luxembourg regained its full independence in 1867, following the resolution of the Luxembourg Crisis.

Explanation: The French military engineer Marquis de Vauban is noted for significantly advancing the fortifications of the Fortress of Luxembourg.

Explanation: The Fortress of Luxembourg earned the nickname 'the Gibraltar of the North' due to its prolonged resistance against the French Revolutionary Army.

Explanation: A direct consequence of the Second Partition of Luxembourg in 1815 was the elevation of the Duchy to a Grand-Duchy, compensating for territorial losses to Prussia.

Explanation: The 1839 Treaty of London was significant for Luxembourg as it resolved territorial disputes, established its modern-day borders, and affirmed its full independence.

Explanation: The Second Treaty of London in 1867 resolved the Luxembourg Crisis by reaffirming the Grand Duchy's independence and neutrality, and crucially, led to the dismantling of its fortress.

Explanation: During Luxembourg's national awakening after achieving full independence in 1890, the motto 'Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn' (We want to remain what we are) became prominent.

Explanation: During World War II, Nazi Germany treated Luxembourg as German territory and informally annexed it, a stark contrast to World War I, when Imperial Germany largely allowed Luxembourg to maintain its independence and political mechanisms.

Explanation: Luxembourg City is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union, primarily hosting the Court of Justice of the European Union, not the European Parliament.

Explanation: Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy and holds the unique distinction of being the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy.

Explanation: Luxembourg is indeed a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, and the Benelux Economic Union, among other international organizations.

Explanation: The Council of State is an advisory body composed of 21 citizens appointed by the Grand Duke, not a legislative body with sixty directly elected members. The Chamber of Deputies is the legislative body with sixty directly elected members.

Explanation: Luxembourg is administratively divided into 12 cantons, which are further subdivided into 100 communes, not the other way around.

Explanation: As a landlocked country, Luxembourg does not have a navy. While it does not have a traditional air force, it has 17 NATO AWACS aircraft registered as its own and jointly funds an A400M military cargo plane with Belgium.

Explanation: Luxembourg City is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union, notably hosting the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Explanation: Luxembourg is unique as the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy, a form of constitutional monarchy.

Explanation: Luxembourg is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union. It is not listed as a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Explanation: Pierre Werner, a Luxembourgish politician, is widely considered the 'father of the Euro' for his contributions to European monetary integration.

Explanation: The Council of State in Luxembourg serves as an advisory body, assisting the Chamber of Deputies in the drafting of legislation.

Explanation: Luxembourg is administratively divided into 12 cantons, which are further subdivided into 100 communes.

Explanation: According to the IMF, Luxembourg ranked first globally in PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in 2023.

Explanation: After joining the German Customs Union (Zollverein) in 1842, Luxembourg's steel industry was stimulated, leading to economic and infrastructural growth, not decline or stagnation.

Explanation: Following the decline of its steel industry in the 1970s, Luxembourg strategically diversified its economy, establishing itself as a global financial center and developing a knowledge economy, rather than focusing primarily on agriculture.

Explanation: Luxembourg's Chamber of Deputies adopted a law to modernize the investment tax credit on December 19, 2023, which indeed took effect on January 1, 2024.

Explanation: The Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) was indeed formed in 1921 with the purpose of establishing a regime of inter-exchangeable currency and a common customs policy.

Explanation: Luxembourg indeed became the first country in the world to offer free public transport at a national scale in February 2020.

Explanation: By April 2013, Luxembourg had the sixth highest download speed worldwide, not the highest, due to its advanced telecommunications infrastructure.

Explanation: Public healthcare in Luxembourg covers 80% to 90% of all healthcare costs, and residents have the freedom to choose their own doctors, not limited choice.

Explanation: In 2023, the IMF reported that Luxembourg ranked first globally in PPP-adjusted GDP per capita.

Explanation: After joining the German Customs Union (Zollverein) in 1842, Luxembourg experienced significant economic growth, particularly stimulating the development of its steel industry.

Explanation: Following the decline of its steel industry in the 1970s, Luxembourg successfully transformed its economy into a global financial center.

Explanation: The Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) was formed in 1921 to foster closer economic ties between the two nations.

Explanation: Luxembourg became the first country in the world to offer free public transport at a national scale in February 2020.

Explanation: Public healthcare in Luxembourg covers 80% to 90% of all healthcare costs for its residents.

Explanation: Luxembourgish is the national language, while French is exclusively used for legislation and, along with German, for administrative purposes. French is not the national language.

Explanation: The historic city of Luxembourg and its fortifications were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, not 1984.

Explanation: In Luxembourg's trilingual education system, Luxembourgish is taught in the early years of primary school, followed by German, and then French in secondary school.

Explanation: Edward Steichen, a renowned photographer of Luxembourgish origin, has his 'The Family of Man' exhibition permanently housed in Clervaux and recognized as a UNESCO Memory of the World register item.

Explanation: Luxembourg has won the Eurovision Song Contest five times, but it has hosted the event four times, not three.

Explanation: Luxembourg holds the distinction of being the first city to be named European Capital of Culture twice, first in 1995 and again in 2007.

Explanation: French is the sole language used for legislation in Luxembourg, reflecting its historical and administrative ties.

Explanation: The historic city of Luxembourg and its fortifications were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994.

Explanation: After the early years of Luxembourgish, German is typically the first language taught in primary school within Luxembourg's trilingual education system.