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Médard Chouart des Groseilliers, born in France in 1618, adopted his surname from a farm managed by his parents.
Answer: True
Explanation: Médard Chouart was born in France in 1618 and later adopted the surname 'des Groseilliers' from a farm his parents managed.
Groseilliers' first wife, Helène Martin, was the daughter of Abraham Martin, whose land later became known as the Plains of Abraham.
Answer: False
Explanation: Helène Martin was the widow of Abraham Martin, not his daughter. Her land became known as the Plains of Abraham.
Médard des Groseilliers acquired the skills of a *coureur des bois* while serving as a lay helper at Jesuit missions in the Huron region.
Answer: True
Explanation: During his time as a *donné* (lay helper) at Jesuit missions in the Huron territory, Médard des Groseilliers learned the skills of a *coureur des bois*, an independent fur trader.
Groseilliers married Marguerite Hayet, who was Pierre-Esprit Radisson's biological sister.
Answer: False
Explanation: Marguerite Hayet was Pierre-Esprit Radisson's step-sister, not his biological sister.
Groseilliers fought alongside the Huron people against the Iroquois in 1646.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1646, Médard des Groseilliers participated in conflicts alongside the Huron against the Iroquois.
Groseilliers' first child died shortly after birth in 1648.
Answer: True
Explanation: Groseilliers' first child, born in 1648, died shortly thereafter.
The Plains of Abraham are named after Groseilliers' first wife, Helène Martin.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Plains of Abraham are named after Abraham Martin, the first husband of Helène Martin, Groseilliers' first wife.
Groseilliers' second marriage connected him more closely to Pierre-Esprit Radisson's family.
Answer: True
Explanation: By marrying Marguerite Hayet, who was Pierre-Esprit Radisson's step-sister, Groseilliers' familial ties were strengthened within Radisson's extended family.
Groseilliers' first marriage occurred in 1647, and his first child was born the following year.
Answer: True
Explanation: Médard des Groseilliers married Helène Martin in 1647, and their first child was born in 1648.
Groseilliers' second wife, Marguerite Hayet, was previously married to Pierre-Esprit Radisson.
Answer: False
Explanation: Marguerite Hayet was the widow of a previous husband, and she was the step-sister of Pierre-Esprit Radisson, not previously married to him.
Who was Médard Chouart des Groseilliers primarily known as?
Answer: An explorer and fur trader, co-founder of the Hudson's Bay Company
Explanation: Médard Chouart des Groseilliers is primarily recognized as a significant French explorer and fur trader, and notably as a co-founder of the Hudson's Bay Company.
In which country was Médard Chouart des Groseilliers born?
Answer: France
Explanation: Médard Chouart des Groseilliers was born in France in the year 1618.
What skills did Groseilliers acquire while serving as a *donné* at Jesuit missions?
Answer: Fur trading (*coureur des bois*)
Explanation: While serving as a *donné* at Jesuit missions, Médard des Groseilliers acquired the practical skills of a *coureur des bois*, essential for independent fur trading.
Who was Médard des Groseilliers' key associate and brother-in-law?
Answer: Pierre-Esprit Radisson
Explanation: Pierre-Esprit Radisson, who was also Médard des Groseilliers' brother-in-law, served as his principal associate in exploration and fur trading endeavors.
What is the significance of the name 'des Groseilliers'?
Answer: It is derived from a farm his parents managed.
Explanation: The surname 'des Groseilliers' was adopted by Médard Chouart from a farm that his parents were managing.
What term describes an independent fur trader operating in the wilderness of New France, a skill Groseilliers acquired?
Answer: *Coureur des bois*
Explanation: The term *coureur des bois* refers to an independent fur trader who operated in the wilderness of New France, a skill Médard des Groseilliers acquired early in his career.
What significant event involving Groseilliers occurred in 1646?
Answer: He fought alongside the Huron against the Iroquois.
Explanation: In 1646, Médard des Groseilliers engaged in combat alongside the Huron people in their conflicts with the Iroquois.
During his 1654-1656 expedition, Groseilliers reported contact with the Iroquois and Algonquin peoples.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon returning from his 1654-1656 expedition, Groseilliers reported contact with the Sioux, Pottawatomi, Winnebago, and Fox peoples, not the Iroquois and Algonquin.
The value of furs brought back by Groseilliers in 1656 was estimated to be around ten thousand livres.
Answer: False
Explanation: The furs brought back by Groseilliers in 1656 were valued at approximately fourteen to fifteen thousand livres, not ten thousand.
Groseilliers and Radisson's 1659-1660 expedition was fined because they traded exclusively with the Sioux nation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The expedition was fined by the colonial government not for trading with the Sioux, but for embarking on the journey without obtaining a required license.
The French colonial government fined Groseilliers and Radisson in 1660 for trading furs with the English.
Answer: False
Explanation: The fine imposed in 1660 was for embarking on their expedition without the required license from the colonial government, not for trading with the English.
Groseilliers and Radisson learned about the primary fur sources being northwest of Lake Superior from Cree traders.
Answer: True
Explanation: Information obtained from Cree traders indicated to Groseilliers and Radisson that the principal sources of furs were situated northwest of Lake Superior.
Groseilliers and Radisson's expedition to Lake Superior in 1659-1660 demonstrated the potential for significant riches in the North American interior.
Answer: True
Explanation: The expedition of 1659-1660 to the Lake Superior region revealed the substantial potential for wealth within the North American interior, encouraging further exploration.
What was the primary reason the French colonial government fined Groseilliers and Radisson upon their return in 1660?
Answer: They embarked without obtaining a required license.
Explanation: The colonial administration levied a fine on Groseilliers and Radisson in 1660 because they had undertaken their expedition without securing the necessary governmental license.
Which First Nations did Groseilliers report contact with upon returning from his 1654-1656 expedition?
Answer: Sioux, Pottawatomi, Winnebago, and Fox
Explanation: Groseilliers' 1656 return from his expedition included reports of contact with the Sioux, Pottawatomi, Winnebago, and Fox peoples.
What was the approximate value of the furs Groseilliers and his partner brought back upon their return in August 1656?
Answer: Approximately fourteen to fifteen thousand livres
Explanation: The furs collected during the 1654-1656 expedition were valued at approximately fourteen to fifteen thousand livres upon their return in August 1656.
What was the significance of Groseilliers and Radisson's 1659-1660 expedition regarding the North American interior?
Answer: It demonstrated the potential for significant riches in the interior.
Explanation: The 1659-1660 expedition to the Lake Superior region highlighted the considerable potential for wealth within the North American interior, stimulating further French westward exploration.
The ship Nonsuch, commanded by Zachariah Gillam with Groseilliers as second-in-command, successfully reached Hudson Bay in 1668.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Nonsuch, captained by Zachariah Gillam with Médard des Groseilliers serving as second-in-command, successfully navigated to Hudson Bay in 1668.
The Hudson's Bay Company was officially established in 1670 and granted a monopoly over Rupert's Land.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Hudson's Bay Company was formally chartered in 1670, receiving a monopoly over the vast territory known as Rupert's Land.
The Eaglet, captained by Radisson, successfully completed the 1668 expedition to Hudson Bay.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Eaglet, captained by William Stannard with Radisson as second, encountered storm damage and was forced to return to England, thus not completing the expedition.
The Rupert River was named in honor of King Charles II of England.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Rupert River was named in honor of Prince Rupert, a principal investor in the expedition that led to the founding of the Hudson's Bay Company.
Groseilliers and Radisson's expedition in 1663 to Hudson Bay was successful despite encountering significant ice conditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1663 expedition organized by Groseilliers and Radisson to Hudson Bay was unsuccessful, being turned back by severe ice conditions.
Groseilliers served as second-in-command on the Nonsuch during the 1668 expedition.
Answer: True
Explanation: Médard des Groseilliers served as the second-in-command aboard the Nonsuch during the pivotal 1668 expedition to Hudson Bay.
The Hudson's Bay Company was founded in 1670 as a direct result of Groseilliers and Radisson entering British service.
Answer: True
Explanation: The establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670 was a direct consequence of Groseilliers and Radisson entering the service of the British Crown.
Groseilliers and Radisson were captured by Dutch privateers on their way to England in 1665.
Answer: True
Explanation: While traveling to England in 1665, Groseilliers and Radisson were indeed captured by Dutch privateers, who subsequently put them ashore in Spain.
The founding of which major company is directly attributed to the actions and decision of Groseilliers and Radisson to enter British service?
Answer: The Hudson's Bay Company
Explanation: The Hudson's Bay Company, established in 1670, owes its foundation directly to the pivotal decision by Groseilliers and Radisson to align with British interests.
What was the outcome for the ship Eaglet during the 1668 expedition?
Answer: It returned to England due to storm damage.
Explanation: The Eaglet, part of the 1668 expedition, was compelled to return to England after sustaining damage from a storm.
What territory was granted a monopoly to the Hudson's Bay Company upon its formation in 1670?
Answer: Rupert's Land
Explanation: The charter granted to the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670 included a monopoly over the vast territory designated as Rupert's Land.
Which ship was captained by Zachariah Gillam on the 1668 expedition where Groseilliers served as second-in-command?
Answer: The Nonsuch
Explanation: Zachariah Gillam captained the Nonsuch during the 1668 expedition, with Médard des Groseilliers serving in the capacity of second-in-command.
Why did Groseilliers and Radisson seek a vessel in New England in 1662?
Answer: Their planned journey to the west via Hudson Bay fell through.
Explanation: In 1662, Groseilliers and Radisson sought a vessel in New England because their intended expedition route to the west via Hudson Bay had been obstructed.
How did Groseilliers and Radisson eventually reach England after being advised to travel there in 1665?
Answer: They were captured by Dutch privateers and put ashore in Spain before reaching England.
Explanation: After receiving advice to travel to England in 1665, Groseilliers and Radisson were captured by Dutch privateers, who then disembarked them in Spain, from where they eventually proceeded to England.
What was the official name of the company established on May 2, 1670, commonly known as the Hudson's Bay Company?
Answer: The Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudsons Bay
Explanation: The company chartered on May 2, 1670, was officially named the 'Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudsons Bay,' which is now widely recognized as the Hudson's Bay Company.