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The Madrean region is a floristic region located within the Neotropical kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Madrean region is a floristic region situated within the Holarctic kingdom, not the Neotropical kingdom.
Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne are recognized for their work in delineating the Madrean region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne are indeed credited with the delineation of the Madrean floristic region.
The Madrean region primarily occupies humid tropical areas in North America.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Madrean region is characterized by arid or semiarid climatic conditions, not humid tropical areas.
To its north and east, the Madrean region is bordered by the Caribbean region of the Neotropical kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Madrean region is bordered to the north and east by the Rocky Mountain and North American Atlantic floristic regions of the Holarctic kingdom, while the Caribbean region borders it to the south.
The Madrean region is subdivided into five distinct floristic provinces.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Madrean region is subdivided into four distinct floristic provinces, not five.
The Great Basin, Californian, Sonoran, and Mexican Highlands are the four floristic provinces of the Madrean region.
Answer: True
Explanation: These four provinces—Great Basin, Californian, Sonoran, and Mexican Highlands—are indeed the recognized subdivisions of the Madrean floristic region.
The Madrean region is named after the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Madrean region is named after the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, not the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
The Madrean region is bordered to the south by the Caribbean region, which is part of the Holarctic kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Madrean region is bordered to the south by the Caribbean region, which is part of the Neotropical kingdom, not the Holarctic kingdom.
After which geographical feature is the Madrean region named?
Answer: The Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range
Explanation: The Madrean region derives its name from the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range.
Which two botanists are credited with delineating the Madrean region?
Answer: Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne
Explanation: Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne are the botanists recognized for their work in delineating the Madrean region.
What type of geographical areas does the Madrean region primarily occupy?
Answer: Arid or semiarid areas
Explanation: The Madrean region is primarily characterized by arid or semiarid geographical areas.
Which floristic region borders the Madrean region to the south?
Answer: The Caribbean region of the Neotropical kingdom
Explanation: To its south, the Madrean region is bordered by the Caribbean region, which is part of the Neotropical kingdom.
Into how many floristic provinces is the Madrean region subdivided?
Answer: Four
Explanation: The Madrean region is subdivided into four distinct floristic provinces.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four floristic provinces of the Madrean region?
Answer: Rocky Mountain province
Explanation: The four floristic provinces of the Madrean region are the Great Basin, Californian, Sonoran, and Mexican Highlands provinces. The Rocky Mountain province is a bordering region, not a subdivision.
The Madrean region is characterized by a distinct flora with at least three endemic plant families.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Madrean region is indeed known for its distinct flora, which includes at least three plant families found exclusively within its boundaries.
Fouquieriaceae, Simmondsiaceae, and Setchellanthaceae are plant families endemic to the Madrean region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fouquieriaceae, Simmondsiaceae, and Setchellanthaceae are explicitly identified as endemic plant families of the Madrean region.
The plant families Onagraceae, Polemoniaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae have their principal development within the Madrean region.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Onagraceae, Polemoniaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae are major centers of diversity in the Madrean region, families like Crossosomataceae, Garryaceae, Lennoaceae, Limnanthaceae, and Stegnospermataceae are noted for their principal development there.
According to Takhtajan, over half of the species found in the Madrean region are endemic to it.
Answer: True
Explanation: Takhtajan's research indicates that more than half of the species within the Madrean region are endemic, meaning they are unique to this area.
Limnanthaceae is a plant family that has its principal development within the Madrean region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Limnanthaceae is listed among the plant families that exhibit their principal development within the Madrean region.
More than 250 genera are considered endemic to the Madrean region according to Takhtajan.
Answer: True
Explanation: Takhtajan's assessment indicates that over 250 genera are endemic to the Madrean region.
How many endemic plant families are found exclusively in the Madrean region?
Answer: At least three
Explanation: The Madrean region is characterized by at least three endemic plant families.
Which of the following is NOT an endemic plant family to the Madrean region?
Answer: Onagraceae
Explanation: Fouquieriaceae, Simmondsiaceae, and Setchellanthaceae are endemic plant families, whereas Onagraceae is a major center of diversity but not endemic to the Madrean region.
Which plant family has its principal development within the Madrean region?
Answer: Limnanthaceae
Explanation: Limnanthaceae is identified as a plant family that has its principal development within the Madrean region.
According to Takhtajan, what proportion of species in the Madrean region are endemic?
Answer: Probably over half
Explanation: Takhtajan estimates that probably over half of the species found in the Madrean region are endemic.
Which of the following plant families is considered a major center of diversity within the Madrean region?
Answer: Polemoniaceae
Explanation: Polemoniaceae is listed as a major center of diversity within the Madrean region, while Fouquieriaceae and Simmondsiaceae are endemic families, and Crossosomataceae has its principal development there.
The Great Basin floristic province includes the Colorado Plateau and the Snake River Plain.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Great Basin floristic province encompasses several geographical areas, including the Colorado Plateau and the Snake River Plain.
The Great Basin province is known for a high number of endemic genera and over 50% species endemism.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Great Basin province has only a few endemic genera and a moderate species endemism of approximately 25%, not over 50%.
*Artemisia* species and genera from the Chenopodiaceae family dominate the vegetation in the central Great Basin shrub steppe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The central Great Basin shrub steppe is indeed characterized by the dominance of *Artemisia* species and genera belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family.
The Great Basin montane forests are notable for containing ancient *Pinus ponderosa* trees.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Great Basin montane forests are notable for containing ancient Great Basin bristlecone pine (*Pinus longaeva*) trees, not *Pinus ponderosa*.
The Great Basin bristlecone pine (*Pinus longaeva*) is an ancient tree species found in the Sonoran province.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Great Basin bristlecone pine (*Pinus longaeva*) is found in the Great Basin montane forests, not the Sonoran province.
What geographical feature is included in the Great Basin floristic province?
Answer: The Colorado Plateau
Explanation: The Great Basin floristic province includes the Colorado Plateau, among other geographical areas.
What is the approximate species endemism level in the Great Basin province?
Answer: About 25%
Explanation: The Great Basin province exhibits a moderate species endemism level of approximately 25%.
Which plant genus dominates the vegetation in the central Great Basin shrub steppe?
Answer: *Artemisia*
Explanation: The genus *Artemisia* dominates the vegetation in the central Great Basin shrub steppe.
What ancient tree species is found in the Great Basin montane forests?
Answer: Great Basin bristlecone pine (*Pinus longaeva*)
Explanation: The Great Basin montane forests are home to the ancient Great Basin bristlecone pine (*Pinus longaeva*).
The Great Basin floristic province includes the portion of Arizona located north of what geographical feature?
Answer: The Mogollon Rim
Explanation: The Great Basin floristic province includes the portion of Arizona situated north of the Mogollon Rim.
Which of these genera is NOT listed as having considerable species endemism in the Great Basin province?
Answer: *Dudleya*
Explanation: *Dudleya* is not listed among the genera exhibiting considerable species endemism in the Great Basin province; it is associated with the Californian province.
The Californian province extends from the seashore to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Californian province extends from the seashore to the foothills of the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada range, not the Rocky Mountains.
The Californian province has the most diverse flora within the Madrean floristic region, with approximately half of its species being endemic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Californian province is indeed recognized for having the most diverse flora within the Madrean region, with about 50% of its species being endemic.
*Adenostoma* and *Romneya* are among the genera endemic or near-endemic to the Californian province.
Answer: True
Explanation: *Adenostoma* and *Romneya* are explicitly listed as examples of genera that are endemic or near-endemic to the Californian province.
The Californian Province shares some of its flora with the Mediterranean region of the Neotropical kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Californian Province shares some flora with the Mediterranean region of the Holarctic kingdom, not the Neotropical kingdom.
Peter Raven and Conservation International classify the wetter northern parts of the Californian province as part of the Madrean region.
Answer: False
Explanation: Peter Raven and Conservation International classify the wetter northern parts of the Californian province as belonging to the Rocky Mountain region, not the Madrean region.
The Californian province includes northern parts of Baja California in Mexico.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Californian province's geographical extent includes the northern parts of Baja California in Mexico.
The Californian province encompasses which of the following areas?
Answer: Central and Southern California
Explanation: The Californian province encompasses Central and Southern California, extending to the foothills of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada ranges, and northern Baja California.
What percentage of species in the Californian province are endemic to that area?
Answer: Approximately half
Explanation: Approximately half of the species found in the Californian province are endemic to that area.
Which genus is listed as endemic or near-endemic to the Californian province?
Answer: *Romneya*
Explanation: *Romneya* is listed among the genera that are endemic or near-endemic to the Californian province.
With which spatially distant region does the Californian Province share some of its flora?
Answer: The Chile-Patagonian region
Explanation: The Californian Province shares some of its flora with the spatially distant Chile-Patagonian region of the Antarctic kingdom.
According to Peter Raven and Conservation International, the wetter northern parts of the Californian province are classified under which region?
Answer: The Rocky Mountain region
Explanation: Peter Raven and Conservation International classify the wetter northern parts of the Californian province as part of the Rocky Mountain region.
The Californian province is described as having the most diverse flora within the entire Madrean floristic region. What is the approximate endemism for species in this province?
Answer: 50%
Explanation: Approximately 50% of the species in the Californian province are endemic, making it the most floristically diverse within the Madrean region.
Which plant group has a principal center of diversity within the Californian province?
Answer: Eriogonoideae
Explanation: Eriogonoideae is identified as a plant group with a principal center of diversity within the Californian province.
The flora of the Californian Province is partially shared with the Mediterranean region of which kingdom?
Answer: Holarctic kingdom
Explanation: The flora of the Californian Province shares some affinities with the Mediterranean region of the Holarctic kingdom.
The Sonoran province includes the Mojave, Sonora, and Chihuahua Deserts.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Sonoran province indeed encompasses the Mojave, Sonora, and Chihuahua Deserts as part of its arid geographical extent.
*Larrea tridentata*, also known as the Creosote bush, is a dominant plant species in the Sonoran province.
Answer: True
Explanation: *Larrea tridentata*, or the Creosote bush, is identified as a dominant plant species within the Sonoran province's vegetation.
The Mojave Desert is specifically characterized by the presence of *Opuntia* species.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mojave Desert is specifically characterized by the presence of *Yucca brevifolia* (Joshua Tree), while *Opuntia* species are dominant throughout the broader Sonoran province.
*Yucca brevifolia* is the specific plant that characterizes the Chihuahua Desert within the Sonoran province.
Answer: False
Explanation: *Yucca brevifolia* (Joshua Tree) specifically characterizes the Mojave Desert, not the Chihuahua Desert, within the Sonoran province.
Which of the following deserts is NOT explicitly mentioned as being included in the Sonoran province?
Answer: Great Basin Desert
Explanation: The Sonoran province includes the Mojave, Sonora, and Chihuahua Deserts, but not the Great Basin Desert.
What plant species is commonly known as the Creosote bush and is dominant in the Sonoran province?
Answer: *Larrea tridentata*
Explanation: *Larrea tridentata*, commonly known as the Creosote bush, is a dominant plant species in the Sonoran province.
Which specific plant characterizes the Mojave Desert within the Sonoran province?
Answer: *Yucca brevifolia*
Explanation: The Mojave Desert, within the Sonoran province, is characterized by the presence of *Yucca brevifolia* (Joshua Tree).
The Mexican Highlands province is known for its extensive tropical rainforests.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mexican Highlands province is characterized by Madrean pine-oak woodlands, not extensive tropical rainforests.
The Mexican Highlands province includes areas within the Sonoran Desert.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mexican Highlands province includes areas within the Mexican Plateau region, while the Sonoran Desert is part of the Sonoran province.
What type of woodlands are characteristic of the Mexican Highlands province?
Answer: Madrean pine-oak woodlands
Explanation: Madrean pine-oak woodlands are the characteristic type of forest ecosystem found in the Mexican Highlands province.