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The Magar language is classified under the Sino-Tibetan language family.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Magar language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, a large group of languages spoken across Asia.
Magar is linguistically grouped under the Mahakiranti classification within the Sino-Tibetan family.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magar is classified within the Sino-Tibetan family, specifically under the Tibeto-Burman branch, then the Himalayish group, Mahakiranti, and finally the Magaric subgroup.
The Magaric subgroup is a classification within the Mahakiranti group.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magar is classified within the Magaric subgroup, which itself is a classification within the Mahakiranti group.
To which major language family does the Magar language belong?
Answer: Sino-Tibetan
Explanation: The Magar language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family.
Magar is classified within which subgroup of the Himalayish languages?
Answer: Magaric
Explanation: Magar is classified within the Magaric subgroup of the Himalayish languages.
Magar is primarily spoken only in Nepal.
Answer: False
Explanation: While primarily spoken in Nepal, significant communities of Magar speakers are also found in southern Bhutan and in the Indian states of Sikkim, Assam, and the Darjeeling district of West Bengal.
Significant communities of Magar speakers exist in the Indian states of Sikkim and Assam.
Answer: True
Explanation: Significant communities of Magar speakers are found in the Indian states of Sikkim and Assam, as well as in West Bengal.
The 2021 census of Nepal recorded fewer than 1 million Magar people.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2021 census of Nepal recorded approximately 2.0 million Magar people, contradicting the assertion that the number was fewer than 1 million.
Data from 2001-2006 estimates the number of native Magar language speakers to be around 1.5 million.
Answer: False
Explanation: Data from 2001-2006 estimates the number of native Magar language speakers to be approximately 810,000, not 1.5 million.
Magar is recognized as an additional official language in the Indian state of Sikkim.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magar is recognized as an additional official language in the Indian state of Sikkim, acknowledging its cultural significance.
The Darjeeling district of West Bengal is mentioned as having Magar speakers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Darjeeling district of West Bengal is identified as an area where Magar speakers are found.
Golaghat and Tinsukia districts in Assam are areas where Magar speakers are found.
Answer: True
Explanation: Golaghat and Tinsukia districts in Assam are mentioned as areas where Magar speakers are found.
The Magar language is not spoken in the Indian state of Manipur.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Magar language is spoken in some parts of Manipur, contradicting the statement that it is not.
Besides Nepal, where else are significant communities of Magar speakers found?
Answer: Southern Bhutan and parts of India (Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal)
Explanation: Significant communities of Magar speakers are found in southern Bhutan, and in the Indian states of Sikkim, Assam, and the Darjeeling district of West Bengal.
How many Magar people were recorded in the 2021 census of Nepal?
Answer: Approximately 2.0 million
Explanation: The 2021 census of Nepal recorded approximately 2.0 million Magar people.
What was the estimated number of native Magar speakers between 2001-2006?
Answer: Approximately 810,000
Explanation: Data from 2001-2006 estimates the number of native Magar language speakers to be approximately 810,000.
In which Indian state is Magar designated as an additional official language?
Answer: Sikkim
Explanation: Magar is designated as an additional official language in the Indian state of Sikkim.
Which Indian state's districts, Golaghat and Tinsukia, are mentioned as having Magar speakers?
Answer: Assam
Explanation: Golaghat and Tinsukia districts in Assam are mentioned as areas where Magar speakers are found.
Western Magar is spoken in the Palpa District of Gandaki Province.
Answer: False
Explanation: Western Magar is spoken in Palpa District, but this district is located within Lumbini Province, not Gandaki Province.
Tanahun District is mentioned as an area where Western Magar is spoken, west of the Bagmati River.
Answer: True
Explanation: Tanahun District is indeed mentioned as an area where Western Magar is spoken, situated west of the Bagmati River.
Parbat District is noted for having extensive Western Magar speaking populations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Parbat District is mentioned as having only a small border area with Western Magar speakers, not extensive populations.
Western Magar dialects are scattered throughout Karnali Province, including Surkhet and Jajarkot districts.
Answer: True
Explanation: Western Magar dialects are indeed found scattered throughout Karnali Province, with specific mention of Surkhet and Jajarkot districts.
The primary dialect divisions of Eastern Magar include Gorkha, Nawalparasi, and Tanahu.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary dialect divisions of Eastern Magar are listed as Gorkha, Nawalparasi, and Tanahu.
Eastern Magar is spoken east of the Bagmati River in districts like Gorkha and Palpa.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eastern Magar is spoken east of the Bagmati River, including in districts such as Gorkha and Palpa.
Dhading District in Bagmati Province has no reported Eastern Magar speakers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dhading District in Bagmati Province is noted as having scattered communities of Eastern Magar speakers, contrary to the assertion of none.
Eastern Magar speakers are found in Koshi Province districts such as Okhaldhunga and Udayapur.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eastern Magar speakers are found in Koshi Province districts, including Okhaldhunga and Udayapur.
Dhut Magar and Magar Kham languages are mutually intelligible.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dhut Magar and Magar Kham are not mutually intelligible, despite sharing common words.
The dental stops /t̪/, /t̪ʰ/, /d̪/, and /d̪ʱ/ are found in all Magar dialects.
Answer: False
Explanation: These specific dental stops are noted as occurring only in the Tanahu dialect, not in all Magar dialects.
Which district in Lumbini Province is mentioned as a primary area for Western Magar?
Answer: Palpa
Explanation: Western Magar is spoken in Palpa District within Lumbini Province.
In Gandaki Province, which districts are associated with Western Magar speakers?
Answer: Syangja and Tanahun
Explanation: Western Magar is spoken in Syangja District and a small part of Tanahun District in Gandaki Province.
What is the relationship between Dhut Magar and Magar Kham according to the source?
Answer: They share vocabulary but have significant structural differences and are not mutually intelligible.
Explanation: While Dhut Magar and Magar Kham share many common words, they possess significant structural differences and are not mutually intelligible.
The dental stops /t̪/, /t̪ʰ/, /d̪/, and /d̪ʱ/ are specific to which dialect?
Answer: The Tanahu dialect
Explanation: The dental stops /t̪/, /t̪ʰ/, /d̪/, and /d̪ʱ/ are noted as occurring only in the Tanahu dialect.
The article warns that users might see incorrect characters if their system lacks support for standard Unicode characters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The article includes a cautionary note about potential display issues with IPA symbols if Unicode rendering support is insufficient.
Magar consonants include stops with voicing, aspiration, and murmuring.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magar has stops characterized by variations in voicing, aspiration, and murmuring (breathy voice) at various places of articulation.
The glottal stop /ʔ/ is a primary phoneme in the Magar language.
Answer: False
Explanation: The glottal stop /ʔ/ is considered a marginal phoneme, not a primary one, in the Magar language.
The Magar consonant system includes voiceless fricatives /s/ and /h/.
Answer: True
Explanation: The voiceless fricatives identified in the Magar consonant system are /s/ (alveolar) and /h/ (glottal).
Magar possesses voiced fricatives such as /z/ and /v/.
Answer: False
Explanation: Magar does not possess voiced fricatives such as /z/ and /v/; the only listed voiced fricative is the glottal /ɦ/.
Nasal consonants in Magar include /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/, all with murmured variants.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magar has labial (/m/), alveolar (/n/), and velar (/ŋ/) nasal consonants, all of which also have murmured variants (e.g., /mʱ/).
The alveolar lateral approximant /l/ in Magar does not have a murmured variant.
Answer: False
Explanation: The alveolar lateral approximant /l/ in Magar does have a murmured variant, denoted as /lʱ/.
Magar has approximants like /w/, /r/, and /j/, which can also be murmured.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magar has a labial-velar approximant /w/, an alveolar approximant /r/ (represented as /ɹ/), and a palatal approximant /j/, all of which also have murmured variants.
The phoneme /p/ in Magar only appears as the aspirated allophone [pʰ].
Answer: False
Explanation: The phoneme /p/ in Magar has allophones such as [p̚], and the aspirated counterpart is the distinct phoneme /pʰ/.
The aspirated velar stop /kʰ/ has the allophone [x] in Magar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The allophone for the aspirated velar stop /kʰ/ in Magar is [x].
The alveolar affricate /ts/ is realized as [t͡s] in Magar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The alveolar affricate /ts/ (represented as /t͡s/) in Magar is realized as [t͡ʃ] (represented as [t͡s]).
The glottal fricative /h/ in Magar has the allophone [ʃ].
Answer: False
Explanation: The glottal fricative /h/ in Magar has the allophone [ɦ], not [ʃ].
Magar has basic vowel phonemes including /i/, /e/, /a/, /u/, /ə/, and /o/.
Answer: True
Explanation: The basic vowel phonemes in Magar are /i/, /e/, /a/, /u/, /ʌ/, and /o/.
The Magar language includes diphthongs such as /ia/, /iu/, /ei/, /eu/, /ai/, /au/, and /oi/.
Answer: True
Explanation: The listed diphthongs for Magar include /ia/, /iu/, /ei/, /eu/, /aɪ/, /au/, and /oi/.
The vowel /a/ in Magar can be realized as nasalized allophones like [ä̃].
Answer: True
Explanation: The vowel /a/ in Magar has nasalized allophones, including [ã] (represented as [ä̃]).
The vowel /u/ in Magar has allophones including [u], [ʊ], and [ṳ].
Answer: True
Explanation: The vowel /u/ in Magar has several allophones, including [u], [ʊ], [u̟], [ṳ], [ṳː], and [ũ].
The mid-central vowel /ə/ in Magar can be realized as a nasalized allophone [ə̃].
Answer: True
Explanation: The mid-central vowel /ʌ/ (represented as /ə/) in Magar can be realized as a nasalized allophone, such as [ə̃].
The vowel /o/ in Magar can have nasalized allophones such as [o̟] and [õ].
Answer: True
Explanation: The vowel /o/ in Magar has several mentioned allophones, including nasalized forms like [o̟] and [õ].
Which of the following is NOT listed as a place of articulation for Magar consonants?
Answer: Uvular
Explanation: The primary places of articulation for consonants in Magar include labial, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. Uvular is not listed.
Magar stops are characterized by variations in voicing and what other feature?
Answer: Aspiration and murmuring
Explanation: Magar stops are characterized by variations in voicing, aspiration, and murmuring.
What is the status of the glottal stop /ʔ/ within the Magar language phonology?
Answer: It is considered a marginal phoneme.
Explanation: The glottal stop /ʔ/ is considered a marginal phoneme in the Magar language.
Which of the following represents the voiceless fricatives found in Magar?
Answer: /s/, /h/
Explanation: The voiceless fricatives identified in the Magar consonant system are /s/ (alveolar) and /h/ (glottal).
Which nasal consonant is found in Magar, and does it have a murmured variant?
Answer: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, all with murmured variants
Explanation: Magar has labial (/m/), alveolar (/n/), and velar (/ŋ/) nasal consonants, all of which also have murmured variants.
The source mentions that the alveolar lateral approximant /l/ in Magar has which characteristic?
Answer: It has a murmured variant.
Explanation: The alveolar lateral approximant /l/ in Magar does have a murmured variant.
Which of the following is an allophone of the aspirated velar stop /kʰ/ in Magar?
Answer: [x]
Explanation: The allophone for the aspirated velar stop /kʰ/ in Magar is [x].
The alveolar affricate /dz/ (represented as /d͡z/) in Magar is realized as which allophone?
Answer: [d͡z]
Explanation: The alveolar affricate /dz/ (represented as /d͡z/) in Magar is realized as [d͡ʒ] (represented as [d͡z]).
Which of the following is NOT listed as a basic vowel phoneme in Magar?
Answer: /ɨ/
Explanation: The basic vowel phonemes listed are /i/, /e/, /a/, /u/, /ʌ/, and /o/. The vowel /ɨ/ is not among them.
Which of the following diphthongs is found in the Magar language according to the source?
Answer: All of the above
Explanation: The Magar language includes the diphthongs /oi/, /ei/, and /au/, among others.
The vowel /a/ in Magar can have several allophones, including which nasalized form?
Answer: [ã]
Explanation: The vowel /a/ in Magar has nasalized allophones, including [ã] (represented as [ä̃]).
Which of the following is an allophone of the vowel /u/ in Magar?
Answer: [ʊ]
Explanation: The vowel /u/ in Magar has several allophones, including [ʊ].
The mid-central vowel /ə/ (represented as /ʌ/) in Magar can be realized as a nasalized allophone, such as:
Answer: [ə̃]
Explanation: The mid-central vowel /ʌ/ (represented as /ə/) in Magar can be realized as a nasalized allophone, such as [ə̃].
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an allophone for the vowel /o/ in Magar?
Answer: [o̚]
Explanation: The vowel /o/ in Magar has several mentioned allophones, but [o̚] is not among them.
The Magar language officially uses only the Devanagari script.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Magar language officially recognizes the Akkha script, alongside Devanagari and Latin scripts, not solely Devanagari.
The government of Nepal has developed curricula for the Magar language as per its constitution.
Answer: True
Explanation: The government of Nepal has developed Magar language curricula, as provisioned by its constitution.
Teaching materials for the Magar language have been successfully distributed to all Magar schools in Nepal.
Answer: False
Explanation: A challenge faced is that the developed teaching materials have not successfully reached Magar schools, where instruction is predominantly in Nepali.
The 'mother-tongue' is considered unimportant for the identity of language groups.
Answer: False
Explanation: It is noted that for groups with their own language, the "mother-tongue" is often considered an essential part of their identity.
Which of the following is an officially recognized writing system for the Magar language?
Answer: Akkha script
Explanation: The Akkha script is officially recognized as a writing system for the Magar language.
What constitutional provision has Nepal made regarding the Magar language?
Answer: Developed curricula for it
Explanation: The government of Nepal has developed Magar language curricula, as provisioned by its constitution.
What challenge hinders the effective implementation of Magar language education in Nepalese schools?
Answer: Developed teaching materials not reaching schools
Explanation: A challenge faced is that the developed teaching materials have not successfully reached Magar schools, where instruction is predominantly in Nepali.
How is the 'mother-tongue' generally viewed in relation to identity for language groups?
Answer: As an essential component of identity
Explanation: It is noted that for groups with their own language, the "mother-tongue" is often considered an essential part of their identity.
The native name for the Magar language, 'Magar Dhut', implies it is the sole or primary form of the Magar language.
Answer: False
Explanation: The native name for the Magar language is "Magar Dhut". The term "Dhut" is often used to distinguish it from other related languages or dialects, not necessarily implying it is the sole or primary form.
The ISO 639-3 code 'mgp' is associated with Western Magar.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ISO 639-3 code 'mgp' is associated with Eastern Magar, while 'mrd' is associated with Western Magar.
The Glottolog identifier for Magar is 'maga1261'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Glottolog catalog assigns the identifier 'maga1261' to the Magar language.
What is the native name for the Magar language, and what does the term 'Dhut' signify?
Answer: Magar Dhut; used to distinguish it from related languages or dialects
Explanation: The native name for the Magar language is "Magar Dhut". The term "Dhut" is often used to distinguish it from other related languages or dialects.
What ISO 639-3 code corresponds to the Eastern Magar variety?
Answer: mgp
Explanation: The ISO 639-3 code 'mgp' corresponds to the Eastern Magar variety.
Which of the following is the Glottolog identifier for the Magar language?
Answer: maga1261
Explanation: The Glottolog identifier for the Magar language is 'maga1261'.