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Makassar is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Sumatra.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar is located on the southwestern coast of Sulawesi island, not on Sumatra.
Makassar City is characterized by its location in a high-altitude mountainous region.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar City is situated in a lowland area, with an altitude ranging from 0 to 25 meters above sea level, not in a high-altitude mountainous region.
Makassar experiences a tropical rainforest climate with consistently high rainfall throughout the year.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar has a tropical monsoon climate (Am), characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons, rather than a consistently high-rainfall tropical rainforest climate.
The average daily temperature in Makassar typically fluctuates between 22.5°C and 32.5°C.
Answer: True
Explanation: Makassar maintains a consistent average daily temperature range, with highs around 32.5°C and lows averaging 22.5°C throughout the year.
Rainfall in Makassar is highest during the month of August.
Answer: False
Explanation: August is typically one of Makassar's driest months. Rainfall peaks during the wet season, particularly in months like January.
Makassar's average annual rainfall is approximately 3,086 mm, spread over about 163 rainy days.
Answer: True
Explanation: Makassar receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 3,086 mm, distributed across roughly 163 rainy days per year.
Makassar experiences an average of around 5 hours of sunshine per day.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar actually experiences an average of approximately 8.0 hours of sunshine per day, indicating a generally sunny climate despite the monsoon season.
What is Makassar's current geographical location and administrative status?
Answer: The capital of South Sulawesi province, located on the southwest coast of Sulawesi island.
Explanation: Makassar serves as the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, situated on the southwestern coast of Sulawesi island. It is recognized as the largest urban center in Eastern Indonesia and ranks as the nation's fifth most populous city.
Which of the following rivers flows through Makassar city?
Answer: Jeneberang River
Explanation: The Jeneberang River is one of the significant rivers that flow through or near Makassar City.
What is the Köppen climate classification for Makassar?
Answer: Am (Tropical monsoon climate)
Explanation: Makassar's climate is classified as 'Am' (Tropical monsoon climate) under the Köppen system, indicating distinct wet and dry seasons.
How does Makassar's average annual rainfall compare to that of London?
Answer: Makassar receives substantially more rainfall than London.
Explanation: Makassar's average annual rainfall of approximately 3,086 mm is considerably higher than London's, which typically receives around 600 mm annually.
What is the approximate average daily sunshine duration in Makassar?
Answer: 8.0 hours
Explanation: Makassar enjoys an average of approximately 8.0 hours of sunshine per day throughout the year.
Historically, Makassar functioned as the principal hub for the Dutch East India Company's (VOC) spice trade monopoly.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar actively resisted the VOC's attempts to establish a monopoly, favoring a policy of free trade. While it was a significant port, it was not the VOC's primary monopoly center for spices.
The 'Nagarakretagama', a 14th-century Javanese text, lists Makassar as an island under Majapahit's dominance.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Nagarakretagama', a significant Javanese historical text, does indeed mention Makassar as an island under the dominion of the Majapahit Empire during the 14th century.
Tumaparisi Kallonna, the 9th King of Gowa, formed an alliance with Tallo, which was instrumental in Makassar's ascent as an independent kingdom.
Answer: True
Explanation: The alliance forged between King Tumaparisi Kallonna of Gowa and the polity of Tallo was indeed a pivotal factor in the rise of Makassar as a powerful, independent kingdom.
Makassar's rulers strictly enforced a policy of limited trade, permitting access exclusively to the Dutch East India Company.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar's rulers pursued a policy of open trade, welcoming various merchants and actively resisting the Dutch East India Company's attempts to establish a trade monopoly.
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) achieved its conquest of Makassar with the strategic support of the Bugis people.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Dutch VOC's successful conquest of Makassar between 1667 and 1669 was significantly aided by the military assistance provided by the Bugis.
Prince Diponegoro was exiled to Makassar following the conclusion of the Diponegoro War and subsequently died there in 1855.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prince Diponegoro, a key figure in Javanese resistance, was indeed exiled to Fort Rotterdam in Makassar after the war and remained there until his death in 1855.
The Portuguese established a significant naval base in Makassar starting in the 1540s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Portuguese presence in Makassar dates back to at least the 1540s, where they utilized the city as a base for trade and established a naval presence.
Fort Rotterdam was originally named Fort Ujung Pandang by the Dutch VOC.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fort Rotterdam was built by the Dutch VOC on the site of the original Makassar fort, which was known as Fort Ujung Pandang. The Dutch rebuilt and renamed it Fort Rotterdam.
Which historical entity centered its power in Makassar, establishing it as a vital trading hub?
Answer: The Gowa Sultanate
Explanation: The Gowa Sultanate was the dominant historical entity centered in Makassar, transforming it into a crucial international trading hub.
What was the primary strategic objective for the Dutch East India Company's (VOC) interest in conquering Makassar?
Answer: To gain control over the spice trade originating from the Maluku Islands.
Explanation: The VOC's primary motivation for conquering Makassar was to secure control over the lucrative spice trade routes originating from the Maluku Islands, which passed through the region.
What was the historical spelling of Makassar commonly used in English and many European languages?
Answer: Macassar
Explanation: The historical spelling 'Macassar' was widely adopted in English and other European languages to refer to the city and region.
Which historical Javanese text mentions Makassar as an island under Majapahit's dominance in the 14th century?
Answer: Nagarakretagama
Explanation: The 'Nagarakretagama', a Javanese eulogy from the 14th century, lists Makassar as an island under the dominion of the Majapahit Empire.
What is the historical significance of Fort Rotterdam in Makassar?
Answer: It was a Dutch base rebuilt after conquering the original Ujung Pandang fort.
Explanation: Fort Rotterdam, originally the Makassar fort of Ujung Pandang, was rebuilt and renamed by the Dutch VOC after their conquest, serving as a key administrative and military base.
Which group provided crucial assistance to the Dutch VOC in their conquest of Makassar between 1667 and 1669?
Answer: The Bugis
Explanation: The Bugis people played a significant role by providing military assistance to the Dutch VOC during their campaign to conquer Makassar.
Makassar serves as the current capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi.
Answer: True
Explanation: Makassar is indeed the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, situated on the island of Sulawesi.
The city of Makassar was officially renamed Ujung Pandang in 1999.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar was renamed Ujung Pandang in 1971. The reversion to the name Makassar occurred in 1999.
Japanese forces encountered significant resistance upon their landing near Makassar in February 1942.
Answer: False
Explanation: The defending Royal Netherlands East Indies Army troops were quickly overwhelmed and captured by the Japanese forces upon their landing in February 1942.
The Makassar uprising in 1950 involved clashes between Republican forces and pro-Federalist forces led by Captain Kahar Muzakkar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1950 Makassar uprising saw conflict between Republican forces and pro-Federalist factions, notably those led by Captain Kahar Muzakkar.
Makassar's local government structure includes a mayor and a city regional house of representatives, with officials serving five-year terms.
Answer: True
Explanation: Makassar operates under a mayor-council system, with elected officials serving five-year terms, including a mayor, vice mayor, and members of the city regional house of representatives.
Makassar City is administratively divided into 15 districts called 'kecamatan'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Makassar City is indeed divided into 15 administrative districts, known locally as 'kecamatan'.
Makassar maintains international sister city relationships with cities such as Paris and London.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar's sister city relationships include cities like Kuala Terengganu (Malaysia) and Lismore (Australia), not Paris or London.
The Mamminasata region encompasses Makassar city and 33 additional districts from neighboring areas.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Mamminasata metropolitan area officially includes Makassar city along with thirty-three districts from adjacent regencies.
Makassar briefly served as the capital of which political entity following Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945?
Answer: The State of East Indonesia (a Dutch puppet state)
Explanation: After Indonesia's independence proclamation, Makassar served as the capital of the State of East Indonesia, a political entity established under Dutch influence, before its reintegration into the Republic.
Why was the city renamed Ujung Pandang in 1971?
Answer: To de-emphasize ethnic connotations and honor a variant of its pre-colonial name.
Explanation: The renaming to Ujung Pandang in 1971 aimed to de-emphasize the specific ethnic identity associated with 'Makassar' and instead honor a variant of the pre-colonial name linked to Fort Rotterdam.
Under which Indonesian president did the city officially revert to its original name, Makassar, in 1999?
Answer: B. J. Habibie
Explanation: The city's name reverted to Makassar on October 13, 1999, during the presidency of B. J. Habibie, who was from South Sulawesi.
What was the outcome for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army troops when Japanese forces landed in Makassar in February 1942?
Answer: They were quickly overwhelmed and captured.
Explanation: Upon the Japanese landing in February 1942, the defending Royal Netherlands East Indies Army troops were rapidly overcome and subsequently captured.
Makassar maintains international sister city relationships with which of the following pairs of cities?
Answer: Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia and Lismore, Australia
Explanation: Makassar participates in sister city programs with cities including Kuala Terengganu in Malaysia and Lismore in Australia.
The indigenous Makassarese designation for the city, 'Mangkasara'', is traditionally inscribed using the Lontara script, which is also utilized for the Buginese language.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Makassarese name 'Mangkasara'' is indeed traditionally written using the Lontara script, which is also employed for the Buginese language.
The primary ethnic groups residing in Makassar are the Javanese and Sundanese.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Javanese are present, the primary ethnic groups in Makassar are the native Makassarese and Buginese people, along with other indigenous groups from Sulawesi.
Islam is the dominant religion in Makassar, practiced by over 87% of the population according to the 2010 census.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2010 census data confirms that Islam is the predominant religion in Makassar, adhered to by approximately 87.19% of the population.
The oldest newspaper originating from the Makassar region is 'Ujungpandang Ekspres'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The oldest newspaper originating from the Makassar region is 'Fajar'. 'Ujungpandang Ekspres' is also a local publication but not the oldest.
'Coto Makassar' and 'Konro' are well-known traditional dishes originating from the city.
Answer: True
Explanation: 'Coto Makassar', a rich stew, and 'Konro', a spicy rib dish, are indeed iconic traditional culinary specialties of Makassar.
'Pisang epe' is a savory dish made from fried plantains.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'Pisang epe' is a sweet dessert, typically consisting of pressed and grilled bananas topped with a palm sugar sauce, not a savory fried plantain dish.
Hasanuddin University is one of the prominent higher education institutions located in Makassar.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hasanuddin University is a major public university and a significant institution of higher learning situated in Makassar.
Makassar ebony is prized for its light brown color and use in basic furniture construction.
Answer: False
Explanation: Makassar ebony is highly valued for its deep black color, often with tan streaks, and is used for fine cabinetry and decorative veneers, not basic furniture construction.
A 2007 regulation in Makassar required schoolgirls to wear skirts that reached below the knee.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2007, a regulation was implemented in Makassar mandating that schoolgirls wear skirts extending below the knee.
Makassar's motto, 'Sekali Layar Terkembang Pantang Biduk Surut ke Pantai,' signifies a reluctance to face challenges.
Answer: False
Explanation: The motto 'Sekali Layar Terkembang Pantang Biduk Surut ke Pantai' translates to 'Once the sails are set, we shan't return to shore,' embodying determination and commitment, not reluctance.
As of mid-2023, what was the estimated population of Makassar city proper?
Answer: Approximately 1.474 million
Explanation: As of mid-2023, the estimated population for Makassar city proper was approximately 1.474 million residents.
In terms of population size, how does Makassar rank among Indonesia's major urban centers?
Answer: Fifth-largest
Explanation: Makassar ranks as the fifth most populous urban center in Indonesia, solidifying its position as a major city in the archipelago.
What is the local Makassarese name for the city, and in what script is it traditionally written?
Answer: Mangkasara; Lontara script
Explanation: The indigenous Makassarese designation for the city is 'Mangkasara'', traditionally inscribed using the Lontara script, which is also employed for the Buginese language.
Which of the following is a famous traditional dish originating from Makassar?
Answer: Coto Makassar
Explanation: 'Coto Makassar', a traditional meat stew, is one of the most renowned culinary specialties originating from the city.
What does Makassar's motto, 'Sekali Layar Terkembang Pantang Biduk Surut ke Pantai,' translate to and signify?
Answer: 'Once the sails are set, we shan't return to shore,' signifying determination.
Explanation: The motto 'Sekali Layar Terkembang Pantang Biduk Surut ke Pantai' translates to 'Once the sails are set, we shan't return to shore,' embodying a spirit of unwavering determination and commitment to progress.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a significant ethnic group in Makassar?
Answer: Balinese
Explanation: While Makassarese, Buginese, and Javanese are noted as significant ethnic groups in Makassar, Balinese are not typically listed among the primary ethnic populations of the city.
What is 'pisang ijo', a popular item in Makassar?
Answer: A dessert of bananas coated in green flour, served with coconut milk.
Explanation: 'Pisang ijo' is a popular Makassar dessert consisting of bananas enveloped in a green-colored flour mixture, typically served with coconut milk and syrup.
Which local resource is known for its deep black color and is utilized in fine cabinetry and decorative veneers?
Answer: Makassar Ebony
Explanation: Makassar ebony is a highly valued wood recognized for its intense black color, often streaked with lighter tones, and is favored for fine cabinetry and decorative applications.
What does Makassar's motto, 'Sekali Layar Terkembang Pantang Biduk Surut ke Pantai,' metaphorically represent?
Answer: A commitment to progress and unwavering resolve.
Explanation: The motto metaphorically represents a steadfast commitment to progress and unwavering resolve, signifying a forward-moving spirit without turning back.
During the colonial era, Makassar was primarily recognized for the export of Javanese coffee beans.
Answer: False
Explanation: While coffee was a significant export from the Dutch East Indies, Makassar's colonial-era exports were more diverse, including copra, rattan, pearls, sandalwood, and notably 'Makassar oil' derived from bado nuts.
Makassar's economy is primarily driven by agriculture and mining.
Answer: False
Explanation: While agriculture plays a role, Makassar's modern economy is predominantly driven by the service sector, including trade, transportation, restaurants, and finance.
The service sector, particularly restaurants and hotels, is the largest contributor to Makassar's current economy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The service sector, encompassing areas like restaurants, hotels, transportation, and finance, constitutes the largest portion of Makassar's contemporary economic activity.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects Makassar's economic standing in Indonesia?
Answer: Its commercial property values are second only to Greater Jakarta.
Explanation: Makassar holds the second-highest commercial property values in Indonesia, surpassed only by the Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, indicating its significant economic importance.
What commodity was famously exported from Makassar during the colonial era, derived from bado nuts?
Answer: Makassar Oil
Explanation: 'Makassar oil', extracted from bado nuts, was a notable export commodity from the region during the colonial period.
What is the primary driver of Makassar's contemporary economy?
Answer: The service sector (restaurants, hotels, finance, etc.)
Explanation: The service sector, encompassing hospitality, trade, transportation, and finance, is the dominant contributor to Makassar's current economic landscape.
The 'pete-pete' system in Makassar refers to a modern ride-sharing service.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'pete-pete' is Makassar's traditional public transportation system, consisting of modified share taxis, not a modern ride-sharing service like those offered by global platforms.
Trans Mamminasata is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system connecting Makassar with surrounding regencies.
Answer: True
Explanation: Trans Mamminasata is indeed a bus rapid transit system designed to enhance connectivity between Makassar city and its adjacent regencies.
Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport is located within Makassar city limits.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport is situated in the Maros Regency, adjacent to Makassar City, not within its administrative boundaries.
What is the 'pete-pete' in Makassar?
Answer: A modified share taxi used for public transportation.
Explanation: The 'pete-pete' refers to Makassar's distinctive public transportation system, comprising modified share taxis operating on fixed routes.
The 'Trans Mamminasata' initiative is primarily aimed at improving what aspect of the region?
Answer: Public transportation
Explanation: The Trans Mamminasata initiative focuses on enhancing the public transportation network within Makassar and its surrounding regencies.
What is the primary function of the Soekarno-Hatta Sea Port in Makassar?
Answer: Cargo and container handling
Explanation: The Soekarno-Hatta Sea Port in Makassar primarily serves as a hub for cargo and container handling, facilitating significant maritime trade.
Karaeng Pattingalloang was recognized for his profound expertise in maritime navigation and advanced shipbuilding techniques.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Karaeng Pattingalloang was a significant figure, his expertise lay primarily in mathematics and astronomy, not maritime navigation or shipbuilding.
Joseph Conrad characterized Makassar in the early 20th century as a rather dilapidated and unappealing port city.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to the statement, Joseph Conrad described Makassar in his writings as 'the prettiest and perhaps, cleanest looking of all the towns in the islands'.
Makassar fishermen historically traded trepang with Indigenous Australians along the northern Australian coast.
Answer: True
Explanation: There is a well-documented historical connection involving Makassan fishermen trading trepang (sea cucumber) with Indigenous Australian peoples along the northern Australian coastline, predating European settlement.
Pinisi ships are modern vessels used exclusively for tourism in Makassar.
Answer: False
Explanation: While pinisi ships are a notable part of Makassar's maritime heritage and are used in tourism, they are traditional vessels still actively employed for long-distance trade, not exclusively for tourism.
Who was Karaeng Pattingalloang, and what was his notable contribution?
Answer: A highly educated Chancellor of Gowa and Tallo interested in mathematics and astronomy.
Explanation: Karaeng Pattingalloang served as Chancellor of Gowa and Tallo, renowned for his intellectual pursuits, particularly in mathematics and astronomy, and his fluency in Portuguese.
How did Joseph Conrad characterize Makassar in his early 20th-century writings?
Answer: As the 'prettiest and perhaps, cleanest looking' town.
Explanation: Joseph Conrad described Makassar in the early 20th century with positive remarks, calling it 'the prettiest and perhaps, cleanest looking of all the towns in the islands'.
What historical connection exists between Makassar and the northern coast of Australia?
Answer: Makassan fishermen traded trepang with Indigenous Australians.
Explanation: Makassan fishermen engaged in trade, particularly for trepang, with Indigenous Australian peoples along the northern Australian coast for centuries prior to European colonization.