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Marianka is a village located in western Slovakia, within the Bratislava Region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Marianka is situated in western Slovakia, specifically within the Malacky District of the Bratislava Region.
Marianka is situated at an altitude of approximately 230 meters above sea level.
Answer: True
Explanation: The village's elevation is approximately 230 meters (or 750 feet) above sea level.
As of December 31, 2021, Marianka had a population of 2,314 residents.
Answer: True
Explanation: Official demographic data from December 31, 2021, indicates that Marianka's population comprised 2,314 inhabitants.
Marianka covers an area of 3.22 square kilometers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The total land area of Marianka is 3.22 square kilometers, equivalent to approximately 1.24 square miles.
Marianka observes Central European Time (CET).
Answer: True
Explanation: The time zone observed in Marianka is Central European Time (CET), which corresponds to UTC+1, with Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+2) during daylight saving periods.
The car registration plate code 'MA' is associated with the district of Marianka for vehicle registration purposes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The designation 'MA' on vehicle registration plates signifies the district to which Marianka belongs for administrative and identification purposes.
Marianka is located within the Malacky District of the Bratislava Region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Administratively, Marianka falls under the jurisdiction of the Malacky District within the Bratislava Region of Slovakia.
The coordinates 48.25°N 17.06°E pinpoint the geographical location of Marianka.
Answer: True
Explanation: The precise geographical coordinates of Marianka are established as 48.25 degrees North latitude and 17.06 degrees East longitude.
In which district and region of Slovakia is Marianka situated?
Answer: Malacky District, Bratislava Region
Explanation: Marianka is administratively located within the Malacky District, which is part of the Bratislava Region of Slovakia.
What is the approximate elevation of Marianka?
Answer: 230 meters
Explanation: Marianka is situated at an elevation of approximately 230 meters (equivalent to 750 feet) above sea level.
How large is the total area of Marianka?
Answer: 3.22 square kilometers
Explanation: The municipality of Marianka encompasses a total area of 3.22 square kilometers.
What does the car registration plate code MA signify?
Answer: The district associated with Marianka for vehicle registration.
Explanation: The vehicle registration code 'MA' is assigned to the district encompassing Marianka, serving as an identifier for vehicles registered within that administrative area.
Marianka's location in the foothills of which mountain range is mentioned?
Answer: The Little Carpathians
Explanation: The geographical setting of Marianka is described as being situated within the foothills of the Little Carpathians mountain range.
What does the term CET signify in relation to Marianka's time zone?
Answer: Central European Time (UTC+1)
Explanation: CET is the abbreviation for Central European Time, which is the standard time zone observed in Marianka, corresponding to UTC+1.
Marianka is distinguished as the oldest pilgrimage site within Slovakia and holds the historical distinction of being the first site dedicated to the Virgin Mary within the former Hungarian Kingdom.
Answer: True
Explanation: Marianka is recognized as Slovakia's oldest pilgrimage destination and was the inaugural site dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the historical territory of the former Hungarian Kingdom.
Marianka was first documented in historical records in the year 1367.
Answer: True
Explanation: The earliest extant historical records mentioning Marianka date back to the year 1367.
Archaeological evidence indicates settlement in the Marianka area dating back to the late Bronze Age, with findings of iron utensils and a painted floor.
Answer: True
Explanation: Excavations have revealed evidence of habitation predating the village's documented history, including a settlement from the late Bronze Age featuring iron artifacts and a painted floor.
What is Marianka primarily known for historically and religiously?
Answer: Serving as the oldest pilgrimage site in Slovakia.
Explanation: Marianka's primary historical and religious significance lies in its status as the oldest pilgrimage site in Slovakia and the first dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the former Hungarian Kingdom.
According to the source, when was Marianka first historically documented?
Answer: 1367
Explanation: The earliest extant historical records that mention Marianka date from the year 1367.
What evidence suggests settlement in the Marianka area predates its first official mention?
Answer: A settlement from the late Bronze Age with a painted floor.
Explanation: Archaeological findings, including a late Bronze Age settlement with a painted floor and iron utensils discovered above a slate quarry, indicate habitation prior to the village's first documented mention.
What is the significance of Marianka being the *first* pilgrimage site dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the former Hungarian Kingdom?
Answer: It indicates it was the earliest site established for such specific veneration in that territory.
Explanation: This designation underscores Marianka's pioneering role in Marian devotion within the historical boundaries of the Hungarian Kingdom, marking it as the inaugural location for such specific veneration in that region.
During its zenith, Marianka's renown as a pilgrimage site was comparable to that of Mariazell in Austria and Czestochowa in Poland.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical accounts indicate that during its peak, Marianka's significance as a pilgrimage site was on par with prominent European destinations such as Mariazell and Czestochowa.
Louis I. the Great laid the cornerstone for the church in Marianka in 1377, prompted by widespread reports of miracles.
Answer: True
Explanation: The foundation stone for the church was laid by King Louis I. in 1377, an act inspired by the growing accounts of miraculous events in the vicinity.
The church in Marianka was completed in 1380 and administered by the Order of St. Paul (Pauline Fathers) for 400 years.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following its completion in 1380, the church's administration was entrusted to the Pauline Fathers, who maintained this role for four centuries.
Ottoman forces raided Marianka multiple times, necessitating the relocation of the statue of the Virgin Mary to the Pajštún fortress for safekeeping.
Answer: True
Explanation: During periods of conflict, Ottoman raids prompted the protective measure of moving the revered statue of the Virgin Mary to the security of the Pajštún fortress.
The peak year for pilgrims visiting Marianka was 1730, with approximately 50,000 attendees.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical records indicate that the pilgrimage site reached its apex in attendance in 1730, drawing an estimated 50,000 visitors.
Notable historical figures, including Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II, visited Marianka.
Answer: True
Explanation: The historical significance of Marianka attracted visits from prominent figures such as Empress Maria Theresa and her son, Emperor Joseph II.
A custom observed in Marianka involved nobility donating their wedding rings and robes fashioned from their bridal attire to the Virgin Mary statue.
Answer: True
Explanation: A unique tradition saw members of the nobility making personal offerings, including wedding rings and garments from their bridal clothing, to the statue of the Virgin Mary.
Who laid the cornerstone for the church in Marianka in 1377?
Answer: Louis I. the Great
Explanation: The cornerstone for the church was laid by King Louis I. the Great in 1377, motivated by the increasing number of reported miracles in the area.
Which religious order was entrusted with the administration of the Marianka church for 400 years?
Answer: The Order of St. Paul (Pauline Fathers)
Explanation: The administration of the church and parish was entrusted to the Order of St. Paul, commonly known as the Pauline Fathers, for a period of 400 years.
What historical threat did Marianka face, requiring the statue of the Virgin Mary to be hidden?
Answer: Ottoman raids
Explanation: During periods of conflict, Ottoman forces conducted raids on Marianka, necessitating the protective measure of hiding the statue of the Virgin Mary in the Pajštún fortress.
In what year did Marianka experience its peak pilgrimage attendance, with 50,000 visitors?
Answer: 1730
Explanation: The pilgrimage site reached its zenith in terms of visitor numbers in the year 1730, attracting an estimated 50,000 pilgrims.
Which of the following historical figures visited Marianka?
Answer: Leopold I
Explanation: Among the notable visitors documented to have visited Marianka was Emperor Leopold I, alongside other historical figures such as Sigismund, Joseph I, Charles III, Maria Theresa, and Joseph II.
What unique custom related to marriages in Marianka involved donations to the Virgin Mary?
Answer: Donating wedding rings and robes made from bridal clothes.
Explanation: A distinctive tradition involved members of the nobility donating their wedding rings and robes, which were fashioned from their bridal attire, to the statue of the Virgin Mary.
How did Marianka's status compare to other well-known pilgrimage sites like Mariazell and Czestochowa?
Answer: It was once considered equally renowned.
Explanation: During its historical peak, Marianka achieved a level of renown comparable to that of Mariazell and Czestochowa, indicating its significant standing among European pilgrimage destinations.
The communist regime suppressed religious activity in Marianka and had plans for its demise between 1948 and 1989, but the village survived.
Answer: True
Explanation: While the communist regime significantly curtailed religious practices and considered the dissolution of the pilgrimage site, Marianka endured this period of suppression.
Emperor Joseph II's reforms in 1786 led to the departure of the Pauline order from Marianka, after which the site was managed by the local diocese.
Answer: True
Explanation: The imperial reforms enacted by Joseph II in 1786 resulted in the dissolution of contemplative orders, compelling the Pauline Fathers to leave Marianka, with administration subsequently transferred to the local ecclesiastical authorities.
The Congregatio fratrum consolatorum de Gethsemani managed Marianka from 1927 until the communist regime abolished their order in 1950.
Answer: True
Explanation: This congregation assumed responsibility for the pilgrimage site in 1927 and continued until 1950, when state authorities dissolved Catholic religious orders.
The Pauline Fathers were compelled to leave Marianka in 1786 due to Emperor Joseph II's decree against contemplative orders.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1786, Emperor Joseph II's edict targeting contemplative religious orders led to the dissolution of the Pauline community in Marianka.
What significant administrative change occurred in Marianka in 1786?
Answer: The Pauline order was forced to leave due to Emperor Joseph II's reforms.
Explanation: In 1786, Emperor Joseph II's reforms led to the abolition of contemplative orders, resulting in the departure of the Pauline Fathers from Marianka and the transfer of site management to the local diocese.
Which order took over the management of the pilgrimage site starting in 1927?
Answer: The Congregatio fratrum consolatorum de Gethsemani
Explanation: The management of the pilgrimage site was undertaken by the Congregatio fratrum consolatorum de Gethsemani beginning in 1927.
What impact did the communist regime (1948-1989) have on Marianka's pilgrimage status?
Answer: Religious activity was suppressed, and plans existed for its demise, but it survived.
Explanation: During the communist era, religious activities were suppressed, and there were intentions to dismantle the pilgrimage site; however, Marianka ultimately persisted through this period.
What happened to the Pauline order after Emperor Joseph II abolished contemplative orders in 1786?
Answer: They had to leave Marianka and the site was managed by the local diocese.
Explanation: Following Emperor Joseph II's decree, the Pauline order was disbanded in Marianka, and administrative oversight of the site was transferred to the local diocese.
The Congregatio fratrum consolatorum de Gethsemani, after managing Marianka from 1927 to 1950, resumed its role in managing the site following which significant historical transition?
Answer: The fall of the communist regime in November 1989
Explanation: After being dissolved by the communist regime in 1950, the Congregatio fratrum consolatorum de Gethsemani was able to resume its management of Marianka following the political transition marked by the fall of communism in November 1989.
The older legend concerning miracles in Marianka centers on a bandit whose child was healed after his wife prayed at a stream.
Answer: True
Explanation: The narrative recounts how a bandit's child experienced healing after the wife's supplications at a stream, initiating the legend of the site's miraculous properties.
The second legend about miracles in Marianka originates from around 1030 and involves a blind beggar regaining sight after washing his eyes in a stream near a statue carved from pear wood.
Answer: True
Explanation: This legend, dating to approximately 1030, describes a blind beggar who was cured after bathing his eyes in a stream adjacent to a statue of the Virgin Mary carved from pear wood.
The legends regarding miracles in Marianka are not considered reliable historical sources by scholars, despite documented remarks.
Answer: True
Explanation: While the narratives are considered folklore rather than verifiable history, contemporary records from the Pauline cloister dating to 1661 do contain remarks pertaining to the Mariathal miracles.
The older legend concerning miracles in Marianka centers around:
Answer: A bandit whose child was healed after prayer at a stream.
Explanation: The older legend recounts the miraculous healing of a bandit's child, attributed to prayers offered at a stream, which subsequently became associated with the site's spiritual significance.
How does the source describe the reliability of the legends about miracles in Marianka?
Answer: As not regarded as reliable historical sources, despite documented remarks.
Explanation: Scholarly assessment classifies the legends as folklore rather than definitive historical accounts, although contemporary documentation from the 17th century does reference the purported miracles.
The Chapel of St. Anne was constructed in 1691 to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims.
Answer: True
Explanation: The construction of the Chapel of St. Anne in 1691 was a response to the increasing volume of visitors and pilgrims frequenting Marianka.
Historical monuments in Marianka include the Pilgrimage Church of the Virgin Mary Birth, the Chapel of St. Anne, and the Rotunda Chapel of the Holy Well.
Answer: True
Explanation: The village is home to several significant historical structures, including the main pilgrimage church, the Chapel of St. Anne, and the Rotunda Chapel of the Holy Well.
The Marian route in Marianka consists of six chapels.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Marian route, a pilgrimage path within Marianka, is comprised of six distinct chapels dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
The Shrine to the Virgin Mary in Marianka resembles the shrine in Lourdes, France.
Answer: True
Explanation: This particular shrine is architecturally noted for its resemblance to the famous grotto shrine located in Lourdes, France.
Why was the Chapel of St. Anne built in Marianka in 1691?
Answer: To accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims.
Explanation: The Chapel of St. Anne was erected in 1691 primarily to provide additional capacity for the growing influx of visitors and pilgrims.
Which of the following is listed as a historical monument in Marianka?
Answer: The Rotunda Chapel of the Holy Well
Explanation: Among the recognized historical monuments within Marianka is the Rotunda Chapel of the Holy Well.
The Shrine to the Virgin Mary in Marianka is noted for resembling which famous shrine?
Answer: The shrine in Lourdes, France
Explanation: The Shrine to the Virgin Mary in Marianka bears a notable resemblance to the renowned grotto shrine located in Lourdes, France.
Which of the following was NOT listed as a historical monument in Marianka?
Answer: The Town Hall Clock Tower
Explanation: While the Pilgrimage Church, Chapel of St. Anne, and various statues are listed as historical monuments, the Town Hall Clock Tower is not mentioned in the provided descriptions.
The official website for Marianka is www.marianka.sk.
Answer: True
Explanation: Official information and resources concerning Marianka can be accessed through its designated website, www.marianka.sk.