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The Mason Bogie design was a direct evolution of the Double Fairlie locomotive, featuring two boilers and two articulated powered trucks.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mason Bogie design was a direct development of the Single Fairlie locomotive, not the Double Fairlie. It was inspired by a 0-4-4T Single Fairlie.
William Mason's firm, located in Taunton, Massachusetts, was the American licensee for the Fairlie Patent steam locomotive.
Answer: True
Explanation: The firm of William Mason in Taunton, Massachusetts, was indeed the American licensee for the Fairlie Patent steam locomotive, playing a crucial role in its adaptation for the American market.
The *Janus*, William Mason's first Fairlie locomotive, was a commercially successful 0-4-4T Single Fairlie.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Janus* was a 0-6-6-0T Double Fairlie and was not commercially successful, leading William Mason to not repeat its design.
Mason's subsequent locomotive development after the *Janus* was inspired by a 0-4-4T Single Fairlie designed by Alexander McDonnell for an Irish railway.
Answer: True
Explanation: After the commercial failure of the *Janus*, Mason's subsequent design was indeed inspired by a 0-4-4T Single Fairlie designed by Alexander McDonnell for the Great Southern and Western Railway in Ireland.
The first Mason Bogie locomotive, the *Onward*, was a standard gauge 2-4-4T completed in 1873.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first Mason Bogie, the *Onward*, was a 3 ft (narrow) gauge 0-4-4T, completed on July 1, 1872, not a standard gauge 2-4-4T in 1873.
Which earlier locomotive design directly influenced the development of the Mason Bogie?
Answer: The Single Fairlie locomotive with one articulated powered truck.
Explanation: The Mason Bogie design is a direct development of the Single Fairlie locomotive, specifically inspired by a 0-4-4T Single Fairlie designed by Alexander McDonnell.
Where was the firm of William Mason, the American licensee for the Fairlie Patent, located?
Answer: Taunton, Massachusetts
Explanation: The firm of William Mason, the American licensee for the Fairlie Patent steam locomotive, was located in Taunton, Massachusetts.
What was the wheel arrangement of William Mason's first Fairlie locomotive, the *Janus*, built in 1871?
Answer: 0-6-6-0T Double Fairlie
Explanation: William Mason's first Fairlie locomotive, the *Janus*, built in 1871, was a 0-6-6-0T Double Fairlie.
Why was the *Janus* locomotive not commercially successful for William Mason?
Answer: Its design was not repeated by William Mason.
Explanation: The *Janus* locomotive was not commercially successful, and its design was not repeated by William Mason, indicating its lack of market acceptance.
Which locomotive inspired Mason's subsequent design development after the *Janus*?
Answer: A 0-4-4T Single Fairlie designed by Alexander McDonnell in Ireland.
Explanation: After the *Janus* proved unsuccessful, Mason's subsequent design was inspired by a 0-4-4T Single Fairlie designed by Alexander McDonnell for an Irish railway.
When was the first Mason Bogie locomotive, the *Onward*, completed?
Answer: July 1, 1872
Explanation: The first Mason Bogie locomotive, the *Onward*, was completed on July 1, 1872.
Early Mason Bogies, including the *Onward*, were praised for their robust center castings and efficient steam pipes, which required no immediate redesign.
Answer: False
Explanation: Early Mason Bogies, including the *Onward*, experienced issues such as light center castings and insufficient steam pipes and gaskets, necessitating redesigns.
William Mason addressed steam delivery issues by transforming the pivot point for the leading truck into a hollow ball joint for steam passage.
Answer: True
Explanation: William Mason redesigned the steam delivery system by making the pivot point for the leading truck a hollow ball joint, allowing live steam to pass through to the cylinders.
Mason's innovation for the exhaust system of his articulated locomotives involved a fixed pipe connection to the smoke box.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mason's innovation for the exhaust system was a sliding seal that allowed exhaust from the moving cylinder saddle to effectively enter the smokebox, not a fixed pipe connection.
Mason Bogies typically used an inside valve gear, with the reversing shaft mounted low for easy access.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mason Bogies typically used an outside valve gear, generally Walschaerts, with the reversing shaft mounted high on top of the boiler due to space constraints and the rotating truck.
A pilot truck was required for early Mason Bogies to mitigate poor tracking and excessive flange wear on the leading driver set.
Answer: True
Explanation: Despite their articulated design, early Mason Bogies suffered from poor tracking and excessive flange wear, necessitating the addition of a pilot truck to guide the engine into curves and improve stability.
The *Wm. Mason* locomotive, built in 1874, was significant for being the first US locomotive to incorporate Stephenson valve gear.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Wm. Mason* locomotive, built in 1874, was historically significant as the first locomotive in the United States to incorporate Walschaerts valve gear, not Stephenson valve gear.
Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn #6, an 1886 Mason Bogie, featured a shallow firebox due to its compact design.
Answer: False
Explanation: Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn #6, an 1886 Mason Bogie, featured a deep firebox, which was accommodated by its specific configuration, not a shallow one.
Walschaerts valve gear was generally chosen for Mason Bogies because the steam delivery system improvements necessitated an outside valve gear.
Answer: True
Explanation: Improvements to the steam delivery system in Mason Bogies created space constraints that necessitated the use of an outside valve gear, for which Walschaerts valve gear was generally selected.
The high reversing shaft and long lifting link in Mason Bogie valve gear were unique features necessitated by the rotating leading truck and tight clearances.
Answer: True
Explanation: The unique configuration of the high reversing shaft and long lifting link in Mason Bogie valve gear was indeed necessitated by the rotating leading truck and the tight clearances inherent in the locomotive's design.
What was one of the initial design problems identified with the *Onward* and early Mason Bogies?
Answer: Insufficient steam pipes and gaskets.
Explanation: Initial design problems with the *Onward* and early Mason Bogies included insufficient steam pipes and gaskets, along with light center castings and loose bolts.
How did William Mason improve the steam delivery system in his redesigned Bogies?
Answer: By using a hollow ball joint as the pivot point for the leading truck, allowing steam to pass through.
Explanation: William Mason improved the steam delivery system by transforming the pivot point for the leading truck into a hollow ball joint, which allowed live steam for the cylinders to pass through.
What innovation did Mason introduce for the exhaust system of his articulated locomotives?
Answer: A sliding seal that allowed exhaust from the moving cylinder saddle to enter the smokebox.
Explanation: Mason developed a sliding seal for the exhaust system, which enabled the exhaust from the moving cylinder saddle to effectively enter the smokebox, a crucial improvement for articulated designs.
What type of valve gear did Mason typically use on his Bogies, and where was its reversing shaft unusually mounted?
Answer: Walschaerts valve gear, mounted on top of the boiler.
Explanation: Mason Bogies typically used Walschaerts valve gear, and due to design constraints, its reversing shaft was unusually mounted high on top of the boiler.
What was required to address the poor tracking and excessive flange wear issues in early Mason Bogies?
Answer: The use of a pilot truck at the front of the locomotive.
Explanation: To mitigate poor tracking and excessive flange wear in early Mason Bogies, the addition of a pilot truck at the front of the locomotive was required.
What was the historical significance of the *Wm. Mason* locomotive, an 1874 0-6-6 Mason Bogie?
Answer: It was the first locomotive built in the United States to incorporate Walschaerts valve gear.
Explanation: The *Wm. Mason* locomotive, an 1874 0-6-6 Mason Bogie, holds historical significance as the first locomotive built in the United States to incorporate Walschaerts valve gear.
What notable feature was present on Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn #6, an 1886 Mason Bogie?
Answer: A deep firebox and a high reversing shaft below the bell.
Explanation: Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn #6, an 1886 Mason Bogie, featured a deep firebox and a high reversing shaft located below the bell, connected by a long lifting link.
Why was Walschaerts valve gear significant for Mason Bogies?
Answer: Design improvements to the steam delivery system required an outside valve gear, and Walschaerts was generally chosen.
Explanation: Design improvements to the steam delivery system in Mason Bogies created space constraints that necessitated the use of an outside valve gear, for which Walschaerts valve gear was generally selected.
What was the significance of the high reversing shaft and long lifting link in Mason Bogie valve gear?
Answer: This configuration was necessitated by the rotating leading truck and tight clearances within the locomotive's design.
Explanation: The high reversing shaft and long lifting link were unique features necessitated by the rotating leading truck and the tight clearances within the Mason Bogie's design, allowing the outside Walschaerts valve gear to function effectively.
The Mason Machine Works produced a total of 96 Bogie locomotives between 1872 and 1890.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mason Machine Works produced a total of 148 Bogie locomotives between 1872 and 1890, not 96.
More than half of the Mason Bogies produced were standard gauge units.
Answer: False
Explanation: Of the 148 Mason Bogies produced, 96 were narrow-gauge units, meaning more than half were narrow gauge, not standard gauge.
The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad was the largest customer for Mason Bogies, owning 32 units.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad was indeed the largest customer for Mason Bogies, acquiring 32 units for its operations.
The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad owned the largest standard gauge Mason Bogies.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad owned the largest narrow-gauge Mason Bogies, not standard gauge.
Copies of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's largest engines were sold directly to the Burlington and Northwestern Railway.
Answer: False
Explanation: Copies of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's largest engines were initially built for the Denver, Utah & Pacific, and *subsequently* sold to the Burlington and Northwestern Railway, not directly.
The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad ceased using Bogie-type locomotives immediately after Mason Machine Works stopped production in 1890.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad continued to order Bogie-type locomotives from other manufacturers even after Mason Machine Works ceased production in 1890, demonstrating their continued reliance on the design.
The Mason Machine Works produced approximately half of its total locomotive output as Mason Bogies during its production period.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Mason Machine Works produced 148 Mason Bogies between 1872 and 1890, which represented approximately half of its total locomotive output during that period.
The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad's strong reliance on Mason Bogies led them to acquire copies from other manufacturers after Mason Machine Works ceased production.
Answer: True
Explanation: Due to their exclusive use of Mason Bogies, the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad continued to order Bogie-type locomotives from other manufacturers after Mason Machine Works stopped production in 1890.
How many Mason Bogie locomotives were produced by the Mason Machine Works between 1872 and 1890?
Answer: 148
Explanation: The Mason Machine Works produced a total of 148 Bogie locomotives between 1872 and 1890.
What proportion of the Mason Bogies produced were narrow-gauge units?
Answer: More than half (96 units).
Explanation: Of the 148 Mason Bogies produced, 96 were narrow-gauge units, which constitutes more than half of the total production.
Which railroad was the largest customer for Mason Bogies, owning 32 units?
Answer: Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad was the largest customer for Mason Bogies, acquiring 32 units for its operations.
Which railroad was the largest standard gauge customer for Mason Bogies?
Answer: Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway
Explanation: The Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway was the largest standard gauge customer for Mason Bogies, acquiring 16 locomotives.
Which railroad owned the largest narrow-gauge Mason Bogies, with 23 units?
Answer: Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad
Explanation: The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad owned 23 Mason Bogies, which were noted as the largest built for narrow gauge.
How did the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad continue to acquire Bogie-type locomotives after Mason Machine Works ceased production in 1890?
Answer: They ordered copies from other manufacturers like Taunton and Manchester.
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad, due to its reliance on the design, continued to order Bogie-type locomotives from other manufacturers such as Taunton, Manchester, and American Locomotive Company after Mason Machine Works ceased production.
What was the role of the Mason Machine Works in locomotive manufacturing?
Answer: It was the American licensee for the Fairlie Patent and a significant producer of Mason Bogies.
Explanation: The Mason Machine Works was the American licensee for the Fairlie Patent steam locomotive and a significant producer, manufacturing 148 Mason Bogies.
What was the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad's unique relationship with Mason Bogie locomotives?
Answer: They exclusively used Mason Bogies and continued to acquire copies from other manufacturers after Mason Machine Works ceased production.
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad almost exclusively used Mason Bogies and continued to order Bogie-type locomotives from other manufacturers even after Mason Machine Works ceased production in 1890.
The *Onward* locomotive initially served on the American Fork Railroad before being moved to the Eureka and Palisade Railroad.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Onward* locomotive first entered service on the American Fork Railroad and was subsequently moved to the Eureka and Palisade Railroad in 1873.
The *Onward* locomotive was eventually scrapped due to its persistent design problems and lack of demand.
Answer: False
Explanation: Despite early design problems, the *Onward* was in high demand and was eventually moved to the Utah and Northern Railway under Union Pacific, indicating its operational value rather than being scrapped due to lack of demand.
In 1884, smaller Mason Bogies on the Utah & Northern Railway were described as 'large and powerful'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Smaller Mason Bogies operating on the Utah & Northern Railway in 1884 were indeed characterized as 'large and powerful,' indicating their robust performance.
Most of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's Mason Bogies were still in service by 1942.
Answer: False
Explanation: Most of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's Mason Bogies were heavily used and all but one were gone by 1894; only a single remaining locomotive survived until 1942.
The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad's Mason Bogies were taken out of regular service in 1928 due to their age and mechanical failures.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad's Mason Bogies were taken out of regular service in 1928 due to the railroad's electrification, not primarily due to age or mechanical failures.
Mason Bogies were known for their considerable strength, particularly in snowfighting, as exemplified by the *Mansfield* locomotive.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mason Bogies demonstrated considerable strength in snowfighting, with the *Mansfield* locomotive being able to easily clear snowdrifts higher than its cab.
Multiple Mason Bogie locomotives are preserved in various museums across the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: Only one Mason Bogie locomotive, the *Torch Lake*, is known to have survived to the present day, not multiple units.
The surviving Mason Bogie, *Torch Lake*, is a narrow gauge 0-4-4 locomotive built in 1873.
Answer: False
Explanation: The surviving Mason Bogie, *Torch Lake*, is a standard gauge 0-6-4 locomotive built in 1873, not a narrow gauge 0-4-4.
The American Fork Railroad was the last railway to operate the *Onward* locomotive before it was scrapped.
Answer: False
Explanation: The American Fork Railroad was the *first* railway to operate the *Onward*. The locomotive was subsequently moved to the Eureka and Palisade Railroad and later to the Utah and Northern Railway, indicating it was not scrapped after its service on the American Fork Railroad.
The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad's Mason Bogies were known for their long service life, with most remaining in operation until the 1940s.
Answer: False
Explanation: Most of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's Mason Bogies were heavily used and all but one were gone by 1894; only a single remaining locomotive survived until 1942, not most of them until the 1940s.
Which railroad first put the *Onward* locomotive into service?
Answer: American Fork Railroad
Explanation: The *Onward* locomotive first entered service on the American Fork Railroad shortly after its completion in 1872.
What was the ultimate fate of the *Onward* locomotive, demonstrating its demand?
Answer: It was brought back under the Union Pacific to the Utah and Northern Railway despite protests from its owner.
Explanation: Despite early problems, the *Onward* was in high demand and was eventually brought back under the Union Pacific to the Utah and Northern Railway, even amidst protests from its then-owner.
How were the smaller Mason Bogies operating on the Utah & Northern Railway described in 1884?
Answer: Large and powerful.
Explanation: In 1884, the smaller Mason Bogies operating on the Utah & Northern Railway were described as 'large and powerful,' indicating their robust performance.
What was the ultimate fate of most of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's Mason Bogies?
Answer: They were heavily used and all but one were gone by 1894.
Explanation: Most of the Denver, South Park and Pacific's Mason Bogies were heavily used and, as a result, all but one were retired by 1894.
When were the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad's Mason Bogies taken out of regular service?
Answer: 1928, upon the railroad's electrification.
Explanation: The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad's Mason Bogies were taken out of regular service in 1928, coinciding with the railroad's electrification.
How many Mason Bogie locomotives are known to have survived to the present day?
Answer: Only one, the *Torch Lake*.
Explanation: Only one Mason Bogie locomotive, named *Torch Lake*, is known to have survived to the present day.
Where can the surviving Mason Bogie locomotive, *Torch Lake*, be found today?
Answer: Greenfield Village, part of The Henry Ford museum complex.
Explanation: The sole surviving Mason Bogie, *Torch Lake*, is preserved at Greenfield Village, which is part of The Henry Ford museum complex in Dearborn, Michigan.
What type of locomotive is the surviving *Torch Lake*, and what is its current use?
Answer: A standard gauge 0-6-4, hauling passengers during summer months.
Explanation: The *Torch Lake* is a standard gauge 0-6-4 Mason Bogie, built in 1873, and it currently hauls passengers during the summer months at Greenfield Village.
What role did the American Fork Railroad play in the early history of Mason Bogie locomotives?
Answer: It was the first railway to put the *Onward*, the very first Mason Bogie, into service.
Explanation: The American Fork Railroad was the first railway to put the *Onward*, the inaugural Mason Bogie locomotive, into service on July 1, 1872.
How did the Eureka and Palisade Railroad contribute to the early service history of Mason Bogies?
Answer: It acquired the *Onward* locomotive in 1873 after its initial service.
Explanation: The Eureka and Palisade Railroad acquired the *Onward* locomotive in 1873, following its initial service on the American Fork Railroad, thus contributing to its early operational history.
Mason Bogie locomotives were primarily designed for high-speed, long-haul freight operations on standard gauge tracks.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mason Bogie locomotives were articulated tank locomotives specifically designed for navigating sharp curves and uneven tracks, making them suitable for narrow-gauge railways, not primarily high-speed, long-haul freight on standard gauge.
A key difference between a Forney locomotive and a Mason Bogie is that the Forney's driving wheels are fixed within the frame, unlike the Mason Bogie's articulated driving wheels.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary distinction is that Forney locomotives have driving wheels rigidly fixed within the frame, while Mason Bogies feature articulated driving wheels that can pivot.
An articulated locomotive's driving wheels are rigidly fixed to the main frame, preventing flexibility on curves.
Answer: False
Explanation: In an articulated locomotive, the driving wheels are mounted on separate pivoting frames, allowing for greater flexibility on curves, rather than being rigidly fixed.
A tank locomotive carries its water and fuel in a separate tender car, not on its main frame.
Answer: False
Explanation: A tank locomotive carries its water and fuel in tanks and bunkers mounted directly on its main frame, distinguishing it from locomotives that use a separate tender car.
Narrow-gauge railways have a track width wider than the standard gauge of 4 ft 8.5 inches.
Answer: False
Explanation: Narrow-gauge railways are defined by a track width that is smaller than the standard gauge of 4 ft 8.5 inches (1,435 mm).
A pilot truck is a powered set of wheels at the front of a locomotive, used to increase traction on steep grades.
Answer: False
Explanation: A pilot truck is a small, *unpowered* set of wheels at the front of a locomotive, primarily used to guide the engine into curves and improve stability, not to increase traction.
The 'See also' section of the article about Mason Bogie locomotives includes topics like 'Articulated locomotive' and 'Narrow gauge' to provide related information.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'See also' section is designed to provide a list of related topics for further exploration, such as 'Articulated locomotive' and 'Narrow gauge', which are directly relevant to understanding Mason Bogies.
What is a defining characteristic of Mason Bogie locomotives that made them suitable for specific railway conditions?
Answer: They are articulated tank locomotives designed to perform well on sharp curves and uneven railway tracks.
Explanation: Mason Bogie locomotives are defined as articulated tank locomotives specifically designed to perform effectively on sharp curves and uneven railway tracks, making them suitable for challenging railway conditions.
What is the primary distinction between a Mason Bogie and a Forney locomotive?
Answer: Forney locomotives have driving wheels fixed within the frame, while Mason Bogies have articulated driving wheels.
Explanation: The primary distinction is that Forney locomotives have driving wheels rigidly fixed within the frame, whereas Mason Bogies feature articulated driving wheels that can pivot.
What is an articulated locomotive?
Answer: A locomotive where the driving wheels are mounted on separate pivoting frames.
Explanation: An articulated locomotive is a type of railway engine where the driving wheels are mounted on separate bogies or trucks that can pivot relative to the main frame, allowing for greater flexibility on curves.
What defines a tank locomotive, a classification applied to Mason Bogies?
Answer: It carries its water and fuel in tanks and bunkers mounted on its main frame.
Explanation: A tank locomotive carries its water and fuel in tanks and bunkers mounted directly on its main frame, making it a self-contained unit.
What is a bogie in the context of railway vehicles?
Answer: A chassis or framework carrying wheels, attached to a vehicle.
Explanation: A bogie is a chassis or framework carrying wheels, attached to a railway vehicle, providing flexibility and improved tracking.
Why were Mason Bogies particularly well-suited for narrow-gauge railways?
Answer: Their articulated design allowed them to navigate sharp curves and uneven tracks effectively.
Explanation: Mason Bogies were well-suited for narrow-gauge railways because their articulated design enabled them to effectively navigate the sharp curves and uneven tracks commonly found on such lines.
What is the difference between narrow-gauge and standard gauge railways?
Answer: Narrow-gauge railways have a track width smaller than the standard gauge of 4 ft 8.5 inches.
Explanation: Narrow-gauge railways are defined by a track width that is smaller than the standard gauge of 4 ft 8.5 inches (1,435 mm).
What is a pilot truck, and why was it necessary for early Mason Bogies?
Answer: A small, unpowered set of wheels at the front to guide the engine into curves and improve stability.
Explanation: A pilot truck is a small, unpowered set of wheels at the front of a locomotive, necessary for early Mason Bogies to guide the engine into curves and improve stability, addressing issues of poor tracking and flange wear.
What was the purpose of the 'See also' section in the article about Mason Bogie locomotives?
Answer: To provide a list of related topics for further exploration, such as 'Articulated locomotive' and 'Narrow gauge'.
Explanation: The 'See also' section serves to provide a curated list of related topics for further academic exploration, including concepts directly pertinent to understanding the Mason Bogie.