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A mobile stroke unit is primarily designed to provide long-term rehabilitation services for stroke patients.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mobile stroke units are designed for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of acute stroke symptoms at the emergency site, not for long-term rehabilitation.
The fundamental vehicle type for a mobile stroke unit is a specialized ambulance.
Answer: True
Explanation: A mobile stroke unit is defined as a specialized ambulance equipped for the pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke.
Mobile stroke units are equipped to diagnose, evaluate, and treat acute stroke symptoms directly at the emergency site.
Answer: True
Explanation: The core function of an MSU is to provide comprehensive services to diagnose, evaluate, and treat acute stroke symptoms on-site, enabling hyperacute assessment and intervention.
A mobile stroke unit typically contains an MRI device for brain imaging.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mobile stroke units are equipped with a computerized tomography (CT) scanner for brain imaging, not a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) device.
Telemedical capabilities in an MSU include videoconferencing and the exchange of patient examination videos and CT scans with the hospital.
Answer: True
Explanation: The telemedical interaction between an MSU and a hospital includes videoconferencing and the exchange of patient examination videos and CT scans to facilitate remote consultation.
The interior view of a mobile stroke unit ambulance typically shows a mobile MRI scanner at its center.
Answer: False
Explanation: The interior of an MSU features a mobile computerized tomography (CT) scanner, not an MRI scanner.
Mobile stroke units are equipped with all necessary tools for hyperacute assessment and treatment of stroke patients at the emergency site.
Answer: True
Explanation: An MSU contains all the necessary equipment for the hyperacute assessment and treatment of stroke patients, enabling diagnosis-based triage directly at the scene.
A mobile stroke unit is specifically designed to address acute stroke.
Answer: True
Explanation: The MSU is a specialized ambulance designed specifically for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of acute stroke symptoms.
The purpose of the point-of-care laboratory in an MSU is to enable immediate diagnostic testing at the patient's location.
Answer: True
Explanation: A point-of-care laboratory is included in an MSU to allow for immediate diagnostic testing on-site, which is crucial for making rapid treatment decisions.
What is the fundamental vehicle type for a mobile stroke unit?
Answer: A specialized ambulance
Explanation: An MSU is fundamentally a specialized ambulance equipped for acute stroke care.
What specific type of brain imaging device is typically found in a mobile stroke unit?
Answer: Computerized Tomography (CT)
Explanation: MSUs are equipped with a mobile Computerized Tomography (CT) scanner to perform essential brain imaging at the patient's location.
What is the purpose of the point-of-care laboratory in an MSU?
Answer: To enable immediate diagnostic testing at the patient's location
Explanation: The point-of-care laboratory allows the MSU team to conduct immediate diagnostic tests on-site, facilitating faster treatment decisions.
What specific telemedical function is mentioned for interaction between the MSU and the hospital?
Answer: Videoconferencing and exchange of patient examination videos and CT scans
Explanation: Telemedicine in an MSU includes videoconferencing and the ability to transmit patient examination videos and CT scans to consulting physicians at the hospital.
What kind of assessment and treatment can an MSU provide directly at the emergency site?
Answer: Hyperacute assessment and treatment of stroke patients
Explanation: MSUs are equipped to provide hyperacute assessment and treatment, meaning they can intervene in the earliest, most critical phase of a stroke.
What type of medical condition is a mobile stroke unit specifically designed to address?
Answer: Acute stroke
Explanation: The MSU is a highly specialized unit designed exclusively for the hyperacute management of stroke.
What does the interior view of a mobile stroke unit ambulance typically show at its center?
Answer: A mobile computerized tomography (CT) scanner
Explanation: A central feature in the interior of an MSU is the mobile CT scanner, which is essential for its diagnostic capabilities.
The 'time-is-brain' concept emphasizes that recanalization of obstructed blood vessels must occur within the first 24 hours after stroke symptom onset.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'time-is-brain' concept stresses that recanalization must occur within the 'very first hours' after symptom onset to be effective, a much shorter window than 24 hours.
Only a small minority, specifically 20-25%, of acute stroke patients typically receive time-sensitive recanalizing treatments due to late hospital arrival.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that only 5-10% of acute stroke patients receive time-sensitive recanalizing treatments, primarily due to late arrival at the hospital.
The primary goal of the mobile stroke unit concept is to eliminate all stroke-related disabilities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary goal of the MSU concept is to solve the problem of detrimental delays in stroke management, thereby improving outcomes, not to eliminate all disabilities.
Mobile stroke unit teams optimize pre-hospital time by bringing imaging technology and stroke clinical expertise directly to the scene.
Answer: True
Explanation: By bringing imaging technology and clinical expertise to the patient, MSU teams can utilize the pre-hospital time to accelerate critical interventions.
Pre-hospital diagnosis of stroke type by an MSU allows for accurate triage decisions, guiding patients to the most appropriate hospital.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pre-hospital diagnosis of the stroke type allows for accurate triage, ensuring patients are transported to a facility with the appropriate capabilities, such as endovascular or neurosurgical options.
Mobile stroke units have demonstrated increased treatment rates and improved care for cerebral hemorrhage patients compared to conventional in-hospital care.
Answer: True
Explanation: Studies have shown that MSUs lead to increased treatment rates and improved care, particularly for patients with cerebral hemorrhage, when compared to standard in-hospital care pathways.
The mobile stroke unit concept was developed to address the problem of patients arriving too late at the hospital for time-sensitive stroke treatments.
Answer: True
Explanation: The MSU concept was developed as a solution to the detrimental delays in stroke management that occur when patients must first be transported to a hospital.
Recanalization is the process of re-opening obstructed blood vessels.
Answer: True
Explanation: Recanalization is the medical term for the reopening of obstructed blood vessels, a critical intervention in acute ischemic stroke.
According to the 'time-is-brain' concept, what critical medical procedure must be performed within the first few hours of acute stroke symptom onset?
Answer: Recanalization of obstructed blood vessels
Explanation: The 'time-is-brain' concept emphasizes the urgent need for recanalization (reopening) of obstructed blood vessels within the first few hours of symptom onset to save brain tissue.
What percentage of patients typically receive time-sensitive recanalizing treatments for stroke due to late hospital arrival?
Answer: 5-10%
Explanation: Due to delays in reaching a hospital, only a small minority of stroke patients, estimated at 5-10%, receive time-sensitive recanalizing treatments.
What is the primary problem that the mobile stroke unit concept aims to solve?
Answer: Detrimental delays in stroke management
Explanation: The MSU concept was developed specifically to address and mitigate the detrimental delays that are common in conventional stroke management pathways.
What advantage does a mobile stroke unit offer by bringing imaging technology and clinical expertise to the scene?
Answer: It accelerates critical interventions by focusing on a single patient pre-hospital
Explanation: By bringing advanced diagnostics and expertise to the patient, the MSU team can use the pre-hospital time to focus exclusively on one patient, thereby accelerating critical interventions.
What improvements have mobile stroke units demonstrated compared to conventional in-hospital care?
Answer: Increased treatment rates and improved care for cerebral hemorrhage patients
Explanation: Compared to conventional care, MSUs have been shown to increase overall treatment rates and specifically improve the care for patients with cerebral hemorrhage.
How does pre-hospital knowledge of stroke type benefit patient care?
Answer: It allows for accurate triage decisions to the most appropriate target hospital
Explanation: By determining the stroke type in the field, the MSU team can make accurate triage decisions, directing the patient to the hospital best equipped for their specific needs (e.g., a comprehensive stroke center with neurosurgical capabilities).
The mobile stroke unit concept was first published in 2008 and clinically realized in 2003.
Answer: False
Explanation: The MSU concept was first published in 2003 and was clinically realized in 2008.
The initial clinical realization of the mobile stroke unit concept occurred in the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: The initial clinical realization of the MSU concept occurred at Saarland University in Germany in 2008.
In 2016, fewer than 10 sites were actively investigating the mobile stroke unit concept.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2016, the MSU concept was being actively investigated at more than 20 sites.
The BEST-MSU study's preliminary results were published in 2021 in the journal 'Stroke.'
Answer: False
Explanation: The preliminary results of the BEST-MSU study were published in 2021 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The BEST-MSU study demonstrated that patients treated on an MSU had worse disability outcomes compared to those transported conventionally.
Answer: False
Explanation: The BEST-MSU study demonstrated improved disability outcomes for patients treated on an MSU compared to those receiving conventional transport.
Current research on mobile stroke units includes investigating their long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and optimal operational settings.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ongoing studies are investigating key areas such as the long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and optimal settings for MSU operations.
The first clinical realization of the MSU concept by Fassbender et al. occurred at Berlin University.
Answer: False
Explanation: The initial clinical realization of the MSU concept by Fassbender et al. took place at Saarland University in Germany.
The effectiveness of mobile stroke units has only been demonstrated in European countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: The effectiveness of MSUs has been demonstrated in multiple locations, including Berlin (Germany), Oslo (Norway), and several U.S. cities like Houston, Cleveland, and New York.
The BEST-MSU study compared outcomes of MSU-treated patients to those receiving standard transport by Emergency Medical Services.
Answer: True
Explanation: The BEST-MSU study's design compared the outcomes of patients treated on an MSU with a control group who were transported conventionally to an Emergency Department by Emergency Medical Services.
The mobile stroke unit concept was first published in 2003.
Answer: True
Explanation: The concept of the mobile stroke unit was first described in a publication in 2003.
When was the mobile stroke unit (MSU) concept first published?
Answer: 2003
Explanation: The MSU concept was first introduced in a scientific publication in the year 2003.
In what year was the mobile stroke unit concept first realized in clinical practice?
Answer: 2008
Explanation: The first clinical implementation of the MSU concept occurred in 2008, five years after it was first published.
Who was responsible for the initial clinical realization of the mobile stroke unit concept in 2008?
Answer: Fassbender et al.
Explanation: The research group led by Fassbender et al. was responsible for the first clinical realization of the MSU concept.
What was the institutional affiliation for the first clinical realization of the MSU concept?
Answer: Saarland University in Germany
Explanation: The first MSU was put into clinical practice at Saarland University in Germany.
How many sites were investigating the mobile stroke unit concept in 2016?
Answer: More than 20
Explanation: By 2016, the MSU concept had gained significant traction, with more than 20 sites actively investigating its implementation and effectiveness.
What was the full name of the BEST-MSU study?
Answer: Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit
Explanation: The acronym BEST-MSU stands for 'Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit.'
Where were the preliminary results of the BEST-MSU study published in 2021?
Answer: The New England Journal of Medicine
Explanation: The preliminary findings of the landmark BEST-MSU study were published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine.
What specific outcome did the BEST-MSU study demonstrate for acute stroke patients treated on an MSU?
Answer: Improved disability outcomes
Explanation: A key finding of the BEST-MSU study was that patients treated on an MSU had significantly improved disability outcomes compared to those receiving standard care.
What three areas are currently being investigated in further studies regarding mobile stroke units?
Answer: Long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and optimal operational settings
Explanation: Current research is focused on understanding the long-term outcomes for patients, the cost-effectiveness of MSU programs, and the optimal settings for their operation.
What was the geographical location of the first clinical realization of the MSU concept?
Answer: Germany
Explanation: The first clinical implementation of an MSU occurred in Germany at Saarland University.
How did the outcomes for MSU-treated patients compare to standard transport in the BEST-MSU study?
Answer: MSU-treated patients showed improved disability outcomes
Explanation: The BEST-MSU study provided strong evidence that pre-hospital treatment on an MSU leads to improved disability outcomes for patients compared to standard emergency transport.
Frazer, Ltd., based in New York, designed and built the first mobile stroke unit in the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: Frazer, Ltd., the company that built the first U.S. mobile stroke unit, is based in Houston, Texas.
The first mobile stroke unit in the United States was built in December 2013.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first mobile stroke unit in the United States was built in January 2014.
Frazer, Ltd. was particularly suitable for building the first US mobile stroke unit due to its specialization in on-board generators for EMS vehicles.
Answer: True
Explanation: Frazer, Ltd.'s expertise in on-board generators for EMS vehicles made them well-suited to build a vehicle that could support the high power demands of a mobile CT scanner.
NeuroLogica Corporation, a subsidiary of Siemens, provides the mobile CT scanner for Frazer-built MSUs.
Answer: False
Explanation: NeuroLogica Corporation, which provides the mobile CT scanner, is a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics, not Siemens.
The mobile CT scanner provided by NeuroLogica Corporation is known as CereTom.
Answer: True
Explanation: The mobile CT scanner supplied by NeuroLogica Corporation for use in MSUs is the CereTom model.
Frazer, Ltd. collaborated with leading cardiologists to design their mobile stroke unit.
Answer: False
Explanation: Frazer, Ltd. collaborated with leading neurologists, not cardiologists, to get expert input for the design of their mobile stroke unit.
Frazer, Ltd. is primarily known for building standard ambulances without specialized medical equipment.
Answer: False
Explanation: Frazer, Ltd. is an emergency vehicle builder that specializes in features like on-board generators, making them suitable for complex vehicles like MSUs that require significant power.
The design of Frazer's mobile stroke unit aims to significantly increase the time between stroke symptom onset and treatment initiation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The entire purpose of the MSU design is to drastically reduce, not increase, the time between symptom onset and the start of treatment.
Which company designed and built the first mobile stroke unit in the United States?
Answer: Frazer, Ltd.
Explanation: The first MSU in the United States was designed and built by Frazer, Ltd., an emergency vehicle builder.
When was the first mobile stroke unit built in the United States?
Answer: January 2014
Explanation: The first MSU in the U.S. was completed in January 2014 by Frazer, Ltd.
What is the primary business of Frazer, Ltd.?
Answer: Emergency vehicle building
Explanation: Frazer, Ltd.'s primary business is the construction of emergency vehicles.
What is the location of Frazer, Ltd., the builder of the first US MSU?
Answer: Houston, Texas
Explanation: Frazer, Ltd. is based in Houston, Texas.
Which company supplies the mobile CT scanner for Frazer-built mobile stroke units?
Answer: NeuroLogica Corporation
Explanation: The mobile CT scanners used in Frazer-built MSUs are supplied by NeuroLogica Corporation.
What is the specific model name of the mobile CT scanner provided by NeuroLogica Corporation?
Answer: CereTom
Explanation: NeuroLogica Corporation provides the CereTom model mobile CT scanner for use in MSUs.
How did Frazer, Ltd. ensure the functionality of their mobile stroke unit design?
Answer: By collaborating with leading neurologists for input
Explanation: To ensure a functional design, Frazer, Ltd. collaborated with leading neurologists to incorporate their clinical expertise and requirements into the vehicle's construction.
What is the relationship between NeuroLogica Corporation and Samsung Electronics?
Answer: NeuroLogica Corporation is a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics
Explanation: NeuroLogica Corporation, the manufacturer of the CereTom CT scanner, is a subsidiary of the global technology company Samsung Electronics.