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MOVE was originally founded as the 'Christian Movement for Life' in the early 1970s, advocating for natural living principles.
Answer: True
Explanation: MOVE was indeed founded in 1972 as the 'Christian Movement for Life,' advocating for natural living and nature's laws.
John Africa, the founder of MOVE, was a highly educated individual who wrote 'The Guidelines' himself.
Answer: False
Explanation: John Africa was functionally illiterate and dictated 'The Guidelines' to a social worker, rather than writing them himself as a highly educated individual.
MOVE's political ideology was a blend of Black power and environmental activism, described as 'black liberationists-cum-eco warriors'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ed Pilkington of The Guardian characterized MOVE's political views as a 'strange fusion of black power and flower power,' describing them as 'black liberationists-cum-eco warriors'.
The name 'MOVE' is an acronym that stands for 'Movement for Organic, Vegan, and Environmentalism'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'MOVE' is not an acronym; John Africa chose it to reflect the belief that 'Everything that's alive moves'.
MOVE members adopted the surname 'Africa' and wore dreadlocks to symbolize their connection to their mother continent and their return-to-nature philosophy.
Answer: True
Explanation: MOVE members adopted the surname 'Africa' and wore dreadlocks to symbolize reverence for their mother continent and their radical green politics and return-to-nature philosophy.
MOVE advocated against institutions such as puppy mills, zoos, and circuses, viewing them as forms of animal enslavement.
Answer: True
Explanation: MOVE demonstrated against puppy mills, zoos, circuses, and other forms of animal enslavement, aligning with their animal rights advocacy.
Donald Glassey, a social worker, was instrumental in documenting John Africa's 'The Guidelines' and owned the house where MOVE initially lived communally.
Answer: True
Explanation: Donald Glassey, a social worker, documented John Africa's 'The Guidelines' and owned the house in Powelton Village where MOVE initially lived communally.
In what year was MOVE, originally known as the Christian Movement for Life, founded?
Answer: 1972
Explanation: MOVE, initially the Christian Movement for Life, was founded in 1972 in Philadelphia.
What was the birth name of John Africa, the founder of MOVE?
Answer: Vincent Leaphart
Explanation: John Africa's birth name was Vincent Leaphart.
Which of the following ideologies was NOT explicitly advocated by MOVE according to the source?
Answer: Anarcho-syndicalism
Explanation: The source lists green anarchism, Black liberation, Black nationalism, animal rights, anarcho-primitivism, deep ecology, direct democracy, and environmentalism as MOVE's ideologies, but not anarcho-syndicalism.
How did John Africa establish the group's principles, known as 'The Guidelines'?
Answer: He dictated his thoughts to a social worker from the University of Pennsylvania.
Explanation: John Africa, who was functionally illiterate, established 'The Guidelines' by dictating his thoughts to Donald Glassey, a social worker from the University of Pennsylvania.
Ed Pilkington of The Guardian characterized MOVE's political views as a 'strange fusion of black power and flower power,' also describing them as:
Answer: Black liberationists-cum-eco warriors
Explanation: Ed Pilkington of The Guardian described MOVE's political views as 'black liberationists-cum-eco warriors,' a fusion of black power and flower power.
Where did MOVE initially establish its communal living arrangement in Philadelphia?
Answer: Powelton Village
Explanation: MOVE initially established its communal living arrangement in a house owned by Donald Glassey in the Powelton Village section of West Philadelphia.
What was the meaning behind the name 'MOVE' for the organization?
Answer: It reflected their intention to be active, based on the belief that 'Everything that's alive moves'.
Explanation: John Africa chose the name 'MOVE' to reflect the belief that 'Everything that's alive moves,' signifying their intention to be active.
The 1978 standoff between MOVE and the Philadelphia Police Department was primarily triggered by a dispute over animal rights activism.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1978 standoff was triggered by a court order for MOVE to vacate their Powelton Village property due to neighbor complaints, not primarily animal rights activism.
During the 1978 shootout, Officer James J. Ramp was killed, and MOVE members claimed he was a victim of friendly fire.
Answer: True
Explanation: Officer James J. Ramp was killed during the 1978 shootout, and MOVE representatives claimed he was killed by friendly fire from fellow police officers.
The political climate in Philadelphia under Mayor Frank Rizzo was characterized by a lenient approach towards activist groups, which reduced tensions with MOVE.
Answer: False
Explanation: Under Mayor Frank Rizzo, the political climate was characterized by a strict approach against activist groups, which increased scrutiny and tensions with MOVE.
What was the political climate in Philadelphia under Mayor Frank Rizzo that contributed to increased scrutiny of MOVE?
Answer: A strict approach against activist groups by a former police commissioner.
Explanation: Under Mayor Frank Rizzo, a former police commissioner, Philadelphia's political climate was characterized by a strict approach against activist groups, increasing scrutiny of MOVE.
What event in 1977 significantly increased tension between MOVE and the Philadelphia Police Department?
Answer: The jailing of three MOVE members for inciting a riot.
Explanation: The jailing of three MOVE members for inciting a riot in 1977 significantly increased tensions, protests, and armed displays from the group.
What was the immediate cause for the Philadelphia Police Department to obtain a court order for MOVE to vacate their Powelton Village property in 1977?
Answer: A series of complaints made by neighbors.
Explanation: The Philadelphia Police Department obtained a court order for MOVE to vacate their Powelton Village property in 1977 due to a series of complaints from neighbors.
How many police officers and firefighters were injured during the 1978 shootout with MOVE?
Answer: 16
Explanation: During the 1978 shootout, 16 police officers and firefighters were injured, in addition to Officer James J. Ramp being killed.
What was the primary claim made by MOVE representatives regarding the death of Officer James J. Ramp in 1978?
Answer: He was killed by friendly fire from fellow police officers.
Explanation: MOVE representatives claimed that Officer James J. Ramp was killed by friendly fire from fellow police officers during the 1978 shootout.
After the 1978 conflict, MOVE relocated to a new communal house in North Philadelphia, where they continued their activism without further community complaints.
Answer: False
Explanation: MOVE relocated to Osage Avenue in West Philadelphia, not North Philadelphia, and continued to face numerous complaints from neighbors leading up to the 1985 bombing.
Mayor Wilson Goode and Police Commissioner Gregore J. Sambor classified MOVE as a terrorist organization prior to the 1985 bombing.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prior to the 1985 bombing, Mayor Wilson Goode and Police Commissioner Gregore J. Sambor classified MOVE as a terrorist organization.
During the 1985 standoff, police initially attempted to negotiate a peaceful surrender by offering food and water to the MOVE occupants.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the 1985 operation, police shut off water and electricity to force occupants out, and Commissioner Sambor demanded compliance, rather than offering food and water for negotiation.
The 1985 bombing of the MOVE compound resulted in the deaths of 11 people, including John Africa and five children.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1985 bombing resulted in the deaths of 11 people, specifically John Africa, five other adults, and five children aged 7 to 13.
Firefighters were immediately dispatched to extinguish the fire after the 1985 bombing, but the blaze was too intense to control.
Answer: False
Explanation: Firefighters were held back after the 1985 bombing due to fears that MOVE members would shoot at them, allowing the fire to spread.
Ramona Africa, the only adult survivor of the 1985 bombing, was later acquitted of all charges related to the incident.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ramona Africa, the only adult survivor, was charged and convicted of riot and conspiracy, serving seven years in prison.
The 1985 bombing caused damage only to the MOVE compound itself, with no other houses affected.
Answer: False
Explanation: The fire from the 1985 bombing spread beyond the MOVE compound, destroying approximately 65 nearby houses and displacing many residents.
After the 1978 conflict, MOVE relocated to which area of West Philadelphia in 1981?
Answer: Cobbs Creek
Explanation: In 1981, after the 1978 conflict, MOVE relocated to a row house at 6221 Osage Avenue in the Cobbs Creek area of West Philadelphia.
What was one of the primary complaints neighbors had about MOVE's new compound on Osage Avenue leading up to the 1985 bombing?
Answer: Accumulation of trash and human waste around the building.
Explanation: Neighbors frequently complained about the accumulation of trash and human waste around MOVE's Osage Avenue building, along with confrontations and loud political messages.
How many houses were ultimately destroyed by the fire that spread from the 1985 MOVE bombing?
Answer: Approximately 65
Explanation: The fire caused by the 1985 bombing spread and ultimately destroyed approximately 65 nearby houses.
Why were firefighters held back after the 1985 bombing, allowing the fire to spread?
Answer: Officials feared MOVE members would shoot at them.
Explanation: Firefighters were held back after the 1985 bombing because officials feared MOVE members would shoot at them, contributing to the fire's widespread destruction.
What was Ramona Africa's fate after surviving the 1985 bombing?
Answer: She was charged and convicted of riot and conspiracy, serving seven years.
Explanation: Ramona Africa, the only adult survivor of the 1985 bombing, was charged and convicted of riot and conspiracy, serving seven years in prison.
Who is Ramona Africa in relation to MOVE?
Answer: One of the two adult survivors of the 1985 bombing and current spokesperson.
Explanation: Ramona Africa is one of the two adult survivors of the 1985 MOVE bombing and currently serves as a spokesperson for the group.
The Philadelphia Special Investigation Commission (PSIC) concluded that the city's actions during the 1985 bombing were justifiable given the circumstances.
Answer: False
Explanation: The PSIC strongly denounced the city's actions, stating that 'Dropping a bomb on an occupied row house was unconscionable'.
Mayor Wilson Goode issued a formal public apology for the city's actions following the release of the MOVE Commission's report.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mayor Wilson Goode made a formal public apology for the city's actions after the MOVE Commission's report was released.
Several city officials, including Police Commissioner Gregore J. Sambor, faced criminal charges for their roles in the 1985 bombing.
Answer: False
Explanation: No one from the city government was criminally charged in the 1985 attack, although Police Commissioner Gregore J. Sambor resigned.
In 1996, a federal jury found the City of Philadelphia liable for using excessive force and violating constitutional protections during the 1985 bombing.
Answer: True
Explanation: A federal jury in 1996 ordered the City of Philadelphia to pay a civil suit judgment, finding it liable for using excessive force and violating constitutional protections.
Philadelphia earned the nickname 'The City of Brotherly Love' after the 1985 bombing due to its compassionate response to the tragedy.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the 1985 bombing, Philadelphia was given the sobriquet 'The City that Bombed Itself' due to the police action and widespread destruction.
In 2020, the Philadelphia City Council issued an apology for the 1985 MOVE bombing and established an annual day of observation.
Answer: True
Explanation: On November 12, 2020, the Philadelphia City Council passed a resolution apologizing for the 1985 MOVE bombing and established an annual day of observation.
What was the outcome for city officials regarding criminal charges after the 1985 bombing?
Answer: No one from the city government was criminally charged.
Explanation: No city government officials were criminally charged in the 1985 bombing, though Police Commissioner Gregore J. Sambor resigned.
What sobriquet was given to Philadelphia after the 1985 bombing?
Answer: The City that Bombed Itself
Explanation: After the 1985 bombing, Philadelphia was given the sobriquet 'The City that Bombed Itself' due to the police action and resulting destruction.
What action did the Philadelphia City Council take on November 12, 2020, regarding the 1985 MOVE bombing?
Answer: It passed a resolution apologizing for the events and established an annual day of observation.
Explanation: On November 12, 2020, the Philadelphia City Council passed a resolution apologizing for the 1985 MOVE bombing and established an annual day of observation.
What was the amount of damages awarded to other residents displaced by the 1985 bombing in a 2005 federal jury decision?
Answer: $12.83 million
Explanation: In 2005, a federal jury awarded $12.83 million in damages to residents displaced by the destruction following the 1985 bombing.
All nine members of the 'MOVE 9' were released from prison simultaneously in 2018.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Debbie Sims Africa was released in 2018, other members of the MOVE 9 were released in subsequent years, and some died in prison before release.
Merle Africa and Phil Africa were the only two members of the MOVE 9 who died while still incarcerated.
Answer: True
Explanation: Merle Africa died in prison in 1998 and Phil Africa died in prison in 2015, making them the only two members of the MOVE 9 to die while incarcerated.
Former MOVE members came forward in 2021 with allegations of internal abuse, including homophobia and manipulation.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2021, former MOVE members alleged physical and mental abuse, homophobia, colorism, and manipulation within the organization.
John Gilbride, Jr.'s murder in 2002 was definitively solved, with a former MOVE member confessing to the crime.
Answer: False
Explanation: John Gilbride, Jr.'s murder in 2002 remains unsolved, with investigators not naming a suspect and conflicting theories surrounding the case.
The Penn Museum and the University of Pennsylvania apologized in 2021 for using human remains from the 1985 MOVE bombing in research and training.
Answer: True
Explanation: In April 2021, the Penn Museum and the University of Pennsylvania apologized for using human remains from the 1985 MOVE house in research and training.
Philadelphia Health Commissioner Thomas Farley resigned in 2021 after it was revealed he had ordered the public display of victims' remains without family consent.
Answer: False
Explanation: Philadelphia Health Commissioner Thomas Farley resigned in 2021 for ordering the cremation of victims' remains without family notification, not for ordering their public display.
Michael Moses Ward, known as Birdie Africa, remained an active member and spokesperson for MOVE until his death.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the 1985 bombing, Michael Moses Ward (Birdie Africa) lived with his father, sued the city, and did not remain involved with MOVE.
Debbie Sims Africa was the first of the MOVE 9 to be released on parole, and she was reunited with her son who was born during her imprisonment.
Answer: True
Explanation: Debbie Sims Africa was the first of the MOVE 9 released on parole in 2018 and was reunited with her son, Michael Davis Africa, Jr., who was born shortly after her imprisonment.
Mumia Abu-Jamal, a MOVE member, was convicted of the 1981 murder of a police officer and is currently serving a death sentence.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mumia Abu-Jamal's death sentence was overturned in 2011, and he was resentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, not a death sentence.
The novel 'Philadelphia Fire' by John Edgar Wideman and the song 'Save A City...' by Mischief Brew are both cultural works inspired by the MOVE bombing.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Edgar Wideman's 1990 novel 'Philadelphia Fire' and Mischief Brew's 2006 song 'Save A City...' are both cultural works inspired by the MOVE bombing.
The documentary 'The Bombing of Osage Avenue' primarily focuses on the internal dynamics and leadership struggles within MOVE.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'The Bombing of Osage Avenue' focuses on the historical context of the Cobbs Creek community and the bombing's effects on residents, not internal MOVE dynamics.
Which of the following members of the 'MOVE 9' was the first to be released on parole?
Answer: Debbie Sims Africa
Explanation: Debbie Sims Africa was the first of the MOVE 9 to be released on parole on June 16, 2018.
What type of allegations were made by former MOVE members in 2021?
Answer: Physical and mental abuse, homophobia, and manipulation.
Explanation: In 2021, former MOVE members alleged physical and mental abuse, homophobia, colorism, and manipulation within the organization.
What was the reason for Philadelphia Health Commissioner Thomas Farley's resignation in May 2021?
Answer: Ordering the cremation of victims' remains without family notification.
Explanation: Philadelphia Health Commissioner Thomas Farley resigned in May 2021 after it was revealed he had ordered the cremation of victims' remains without family notification.
What is the current legal status of MOVE member Mumia Abu-Jamal?
Answer: He is serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole.
Explanation: Mumia Abu-Jamal is serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole after his death sentence was overturned in 2011.
What happened to Michael Moses Ward (Birdie Africa) after the 1985 bombing?
Answer: He lived with his father, sued the city, and did not remain involved with MOVE.
Explanation: After the 1985 bombing, Michael Moses Ward (Birdie Africa) lived with his father, successfully sued the City of Philadelphia, and did not remain involved with MOVE.
Which novel, published in 1990, was inspired by the MOVE bombing?
Answer: 'Philadelphia Fire' by John Edgar Wideman
Explanation: John Edgar Wideman's 1990 novel, 'Philadelphia Fire', is based on the MOVE bombing.
What is the focus of the documentary 'The Bombing of Osage Avenue' (1986)?
Answer: The historical context of the Cobbs Creek community and the bombing's effects on residents.
Explanation: The documentary 'The Bombing of Osage Avenue' focuses on the historical context of the Cobbs Creek community and the bombing's effects on its residents.
Which members of the MOVE 9 died in prison?
Answer: Merle Africa and Phil Africa
Explanation: Merle Africa and Phil Africa were the two members of the MOVE 9 who died while incarcerated.
What was the broader impact of Debbie Sims Africa's release in 2018?
Answer: It sparked renewed attention on other Black liberationists imprisoned from the 1960s and 1970s.
Explanation: Debbie Sims Africa's release in 2018 renewed attention on other Black liberationists, including MOVE members and Black Panthers, who remained imprisoned.
What was the primary focus of the documentary 'Let the Fire Burn' (2013)?
Answer: A historical perspective on MOVE and its conflicts, composed largely of archival footage.
Explanation: 'Let the Fire Burn' (2013) is a documentary about MOVE composed largely of archival footage, offering a historical perspective on the group and its conflicts.