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Mozhaysk was first recorded in historical documents in the 14th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mozhaysk is first documented in historical records from the 13th century, specifically in the year 1231.
During the 13th century, Mozhaysk was a key stronghold for the Principality of Smolensk and was governed by Duke Theodore the Black.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the 13th century, Mozhaysk served as a significant stronghold for the Principality of Smolensk and was under the governance of Duke Theodore the Black.
Muscovites took control of Mozhaysk in 1303 and easily defended it against Lithuanian incursions throughout the 14th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muscovite forces gained control of Mozhaysk in 1303; however, subsequent defense against Lithuanian incursions throughout the 14th century proved challenging.
The practice of appointing a younger brother of the Grand Duke of Moscow as the ruler of Mozhaysk was discontinued in the late 15th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The established practice of assigning a younger brother of the Grand Duke of Moscow to govern Mozhaysk was formally discontinued in 1493.
Mozhaysk was granted official town status during the reign of Catherine the Great.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mozhaysk was officially granted town status in 1708, during the reign of Peter the Great.
In what year is Mozhaysk first documented in historical records?
Answer: 1231
Explanation: Mozhaysk's earliest documented mention in historical records dates back to the year 1231.
What was Mozhaysk's political and strategic status during the 13th century?
Answer: An important stronghold for the Principality of Smolensk.
Explanation: During the 13th century, Mozhaysk functioned as a crucial stronghold for the Principality of Smolensk.
In what year did Muscovite Russia first assert control over Mozhaysk?
Answer: 1303
Explanation: Muscovite forces successfully seized control of Mozhaysk in the year 1303.
What significant treaty, involving Denmark and Russia, was concluded in Mozhaysk in 1562?
Answer: The Treaty of Mozhaysk between Denmark and Russia.
Explanation: In 1562, the Treaty of Mozhaysk was signed in the town, marking an agreement between Denmark and Russia during the Livonian War.
Under which Russian sovereign was Mozhaysk officially granted town status in 1708?
Answer: Peter the Great
Explanation: Mozhaysk was officially granted town status in 1708 during the administrative reforms implemented by Tsar Peter the Great.
In which year was the practice of appointing a specific family member as ruler of the Principality of Mozhaysk discontinued?
Answer: 1493
Explanation: The practice of appointing a younger brother of the Grand Duke of Moscow as ruler of Mozhaysk was discontinued in 1493.
What is the historical significance attributed to Mozhaysk's strategic location?
Answer: It was situated on the historic road to Smolensk and Poland, vital for Moscow's defense.
Explanation: Mozhaysk's location on the historic road to Smolensk and Poland rendered it strategically vital for defending the western approaches to Moscow throughout its history.
Mozhaysk is situated approximately 110 kilometers east of Moscow.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Mozhaysk is located approximately 110 kilometers west of Moscow, not east.
The record high temperature in Mozhaysk has been recorded in the winter months.
Answer: False
Explanation: The record high temperature in Mozhaysk was recorded during the summer months, not winter.
The average annual temperature in Mozhaysk is below freezing point.
Answer: False
Explanation: The average annual temperature in Mozhaysk is approximately 5.6 °C (42.0 °F), which is well above freezing.
Mozhaysk receives an average annual precipitation of approximately 25 inches.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mozhaysk receives an average annual precipitation of approximately 657.8 mm, which equates to about 25.89 inches.
Mozhaysk's elevation is around 690 feet above sea level.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mozhaysk is situated at an elevation of approximately 210 meters, which is equivalent to 690 feet, above mean sea level.
Mozhaysk observes the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) zone.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mozhaysk observes Moscow Time (MSK), which is UTC+3, not Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
The average daily minimum temperature in January in Mozhaysk is below 0°C.
Answer: True
Explanation: The average daily minimum temperature in January in Mozhaysk is -9.7 °C (14.5 °F), which is indeed below 0°C.
What is the absolute record high temperature documented for Mozhaysk?
Answer: 37.7 °C (99.9 °F)
Explanation: The highest temperature ever recorded in Mozhaysk is 37.7 °C (99.9 °F), occurring in August.
What is the approximate average annual temperature recorded in Mozhaysk?
Answer: 5.6 °C (42.0 °F)
Explanation: The average annual temperature in Mozhaysk is approximately 5.6 °C (42.0 °F).
What is the average annual precipitation level observed in Mozhaysk?
Answer: Approximately 657.8 mm (25.89 inches)
Explanation: Mozhaysk receives an average annual precipitation of approximately 657.8 mm (25.89 inches).
What is the approximate elevation of Mozhaysk above mean sea level?
Answer: 210 meters (690 feet)
Explanation: Mozhaysk is situated at an elevation of approximately 210 meters (690 feet) above mean sea level.
What standard time zone does Mozhaysk observe?
Answer: Moscow Time (MSK)
Explanation: Mozhaysk observes Moscow Time (MSK), which corresponds to UTC+3.
What is the absolute record low temperature documented for Mozhaysk?
Answer: -44.0 °C (-47.2 °F)
Explanation: The lowest temperature ever recorded in Mozhaysk is -44.0 °C (-47.2 °F).
According to the 2010 Census, Mozhaysk had a population of just over 30,000 people.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2010 Russian Census recorded the population of Mozhaysk as 31,363 individuals.
The postal codes for Mozhaysk range from 143200 to 143204 and include 143210.
Answer: True
Explanation: The designated postal codes for Mozhaysk encompass the range from 143200 to 143204, along with the code 143210.
The OKTMO ID for Mozhaysk is 46545000001.
Answer: True
Explanation: The All-Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKTMO) ID assigned to Mozhaysk is 46545000001.
What is Mozhaysk's primary administrative and municipal role within the Russian Federation?
Answer: It is the administrative center of Mozhaysky District within Moscow Oblast, Russia.
Explanation: Mozhaysk functions as the administrative center for Mozhaysky District within Moscow Oblast, Russia, and is municipally organized as the Mozhaysk Urban Settlement.
According to the 2010 Russian Census, what was the population of Mozhaysk?
Answer: Exactly 31,363 people
Explanation: The 2010 Russian Census data indicates that Mozhaysk had a population of precisely 31,363 individuals.
One theory suggests the name 'Mozhaysk' originates from the Moskva River, meaning 'large'.
Answer: False
Explanation: One etymological theory posits that the name 'Mozhaysk' derives from the Mozhay River, potentially having Baltic origins signifying 'small,' distinguishing it from the larger Moskva River.
The current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk was built in the early 14th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk is a Gothic Revival structure, not built in the early 14th century, though an earlier stone cathedral existed.
The wooden statue of Saint Nicholas of Mozhaysk dates back to the 14th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The wooden statue of Saint Nicholas of Mozhaysk, carved by an unknown master, dates back to the 14th century.
The Luzhetsky Monastery was founded by St. Ferapont in the 16th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Luzhetsky Monastery was founded by St. Ferapont in 1408, during the 15th century, not the 16th.
The Russian expression 'to push beyond Mozhay' refers to a minor setback in a competition.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Russian expression 'zagnat' za Mozhay' (to push beyond Mozhay) does not refer to a minor setback; rather, it signifies a decisive and complete defeat or expulsion.
Mozhaysk is twinned with one European city, Drochtersen in Germany.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mozhaysk maintains twinning relationships with several European cities, including Drochtersen in Germany.
The Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk is an example of Gothic Revival architecture.
Answer: True
Explanation: The current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk is indeed constructed in the Gothic Revival architectural style.
Aleksei Bakarev, a student of Matvei Kazakov, designed the original 14th-century cathedral in Mozhaysk's kremlin.
Answer: False
Explanation: Aleksei Bakarev, a student of Matvei Kazakov, designed the current Cathedral of St. Nicholas, not the original 14th-century structure.
The phrase 'to push beyond Mozhay' historically referred to pushing an enemy past the town as a final defensive measure before Moscow.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historically, the phrase 'zagnat' za Mozhay' originated from the military tactic of pushing an enemy beyond the town, which served as a critical defensive point before Moscow.
Which etymological theory regarding the origin of the name 'Mozhaysk' is presented in the source material?
Answer: It is derived from the Mozhay River and might have Baltic origins meaning 'small'.
Explanation: One theory suggests the name 'Mozhaysk' originates from the Mozhay River, potentially having Baltic roots that signify 'small'.
What is the predominant architectural style of the current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk?
Answer: Gothic Revival
Explanation: The current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk is characterized by its Gothic Revival architectural style.
The 14th-century wooden statue of Saint Nicholas of Mozhaysk was initially housed in which cathedral?
Answer: The Nikolskiy Cathedral
Explanation: The 14th-century wooden statue of Saint Nicholas of Mozhaysk was originally placed in the Nikolskiy Cathedral.
By whom was the Luzhetsky Monastery, a significant historical landmark, founded in 1408?
Answer: St. Ferapont
Explanation: The Luzhetsky Monastery was founded in 1408 by Saint Ferapont.
What is the contemporary interpretation of the Russian idiom 'zagnat' za Mozhay'?
Answer: To completely defeat and push an opponent far away.
Explanation: The Russian idiom 'zagnat' za Mozhay' currently signifies the complete defeat and expulsion of an opponent.
Which of the following municipalities is NOT identified as a twinned city with Mozhaysk?
Answer: Smolensk, Russia
Explanation: Smolensk, Russia, is not listed among the European cities that maintain twinning relationships with Mozhaysk.
The Church of St. Joachim and Anna in Mozhaysk contains architectural elements originating from which period?
Answer: The early 15th century
Explanation: The Church of St. Joachim and Anna in Mozhaysk preserves architectural elements dating back to the early 15th century.
What was the designation of the first stone cathedral constructed within Mozhaysk's kremlin?
Answer: Nikolskiy Cathedral (later Staro-Nikolsky)
Explanation: The first stone cathedral erected within Mozhaysk's kremlin was named Nikolskiy, later referred to as Staro-Nikolsky.
In which year was the current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk completed and consecrated?
Answer: 1814
Explanation: The current Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Mozhaysk, though construction began earlier, was completed and consecrated in 1814.
The Battle of Borodino, a major engagement in 1812, occurred over 50 kilometers from Mozhaysk.
Answer: False
Explanation: The pivotal Battle of Borodino, a significant event during the 1812 French invasion of Russia, took place approximately 12 kilometers from Mozhaysk.
Mozhaysk was occupied by German forces in late 1941 and recaptured by Soviet forces in early 1942.
Answer: True
Explanation: During World War II, the German Wehrmacht occupied Mozhaysk starting on October 18, 1941, and the Soviet Red Army recaptured the town on January 20, 1942.
Mozhaysk is connected to Moscow solely by bus route 457.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mozhaysk is connected to Moscow by multiple transport methods, including bus route 457 and the Belorussky suburban railway line.
The international dialing code for Mozhaysk is +7 496.
Answer: False
Explanation: The international telephone dialing code for Mozhaysk is +7 49638.
Mozhaysk's official website is listed as www.mozhaysk.ru.
Answer: False
Explanation: The official website listed for Mozhaysk is gpmozhaysk.ru, not www.mozhaysk.ru.
The pivotal Battle of Borodino, a critical event in the 1812 Napoleonic invasion of Russia, occurred at what approximate distance from Mozhaysk?
Answer: 12 kilometers
Explanation: The Battle of Borodino, a significant engagement in 1812, took place approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from Mozhaysk.
During World War II, Mozhaysk experienced occupation by German forces commencing October 18, 1941. On what date was it recaptured by Soviet forces?
Answer: January 20, 1942
Explanation: The Soviet Red Army recaptured Mozhaysk on January 20, 1942, following its occupation by German forces.
Which specific bus route facilitates the connection between Mozhaysk and Park Pobedy in Moscow?
Answer: Bus 457
Explanation: Bus route 457 provides a direct connection between Mozhaysk and Park Pobedy in Moscow.
Which primary railway line serves Mozhaysk, providing a connection to Moscow?
Answer: The Belorussky suburban railway line
Explanation: The Belorussky suburban railway line serves Mozhaysk, connecting it to Moscow.
Which of the following statements inaccurately describes Mozhaysk's transport connections?
Answer: Mozhaysk has direct railway connections to St. Petersburg.
Explanation: While Mozhaysk is connected to Moscow by rail and bus, and has local services, direct railway connections to St. Petersburg are not mentioned.