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National Geographic Society Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

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Study Guide: The National Geographic Society: History, Mission, and Media Evolution

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The National Geographic Society: History, Mission, and Media Evolution Study Guide

Founding, Mission, and Governance

The National Geographic Society was established in the late 19th century with the explicit mission of expanding and disseminating geographic knowledge.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Geographic Society was founded on January 13, 1888, with the explicit purpose 'to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge.'

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The National Geographic Society's board of trustees is composed exclusively of distinguished educators.

Answer: False

Explanation: The board of trustees comprises 33 members, including distinguished educators, business executives, former government officials, and conservationists, not solely educators.

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Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who served as the inaugural president of the National Geographic Society, also held the distinction of being a co-founder of AT&T.

Answer: True

Explanation: Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the first president of the National Geographic Society, was indeed a co-founder of AT&T.

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Alexander Graham Bell assumed the presidency of the National Geographic Society from Gardiner Greene Hubbard in 1903.

Answer: False

Explanation: Alexander Graham Bell succeeded Gardiner Greene Hubbard as president in 1897, serving until 1903.

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Jean Case currently holds the position of Chief Executive Officer for the National Geographic Society.

Answer: False

Explanation: Jean Case serves as the Chairman of the National Geographic Society, while Jill Tiefenthaler is the Chief Executive Officer.

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The National Geographic Society was founded by 33 original individuals, predominantly explorers and scientists.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Geographic Society was established by 33 original founders in 1888, who were primarily explorers and scientists.

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Alexander Graham Bell was among the 33 original founders of the National Geographic Society.

Answer: False

Explanation: Alexander Graham Bell was not one of the original 33 founders of the National Geographic Society; he became its second president.

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What is the founding date of the National Geographic Society?

Answer: January 13, 1888

Explanation: The National Geographic Society was founded on January 13, 1888.

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Among the following, which does NOT represent a primary interest or area of focus for the National Geographic Society?

Answer: Advanced robotics engineering

Explanation: The Society's interests include geography, archaeology, natural science, environmental and historical conservation, and world culture and history. Advanced robotics engineering is not listed as a primary focus.

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What is the total number of members on the National Geographic Society's board of trustees?

Answer: 33

Explanation: The National Geographic Society is governed by a board of trustees comprising 33 members.

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Identify the inaugural president of the National Geographic Society.

Answer: Gardiner Greene Hubbard

Explanation: Gardiner Greene Hubbard became the first president of the National Geographic Society upon its incorporation in 1888.

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Who assumed the presidency of the National Geographic Society following Gardiner Greene Hubbard?

Answer: Alexander Graham Bell

Explanation: Alexander Graham Bell succeeded Gardiner Greene Hubbard as president of the National Geographic Society in 1897.

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Identify the individual currently serving as the Chairman of the National Geographic Society.

Answer: Jean Case

Explanation: Jean Case currently serves as the Chairman of the National Geographic Society.

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State the number of original founders who established the National Geographic Society in 1888.

Answer: 33

Explanation: The National Geographic Society was established by 33 original founders in 1888.

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Publications and Editorial History

The National Geographic Society's iconic yellow portrait frame logo is exclusively utilized on its television channels.

Answer: False

Explanation: The iconic yellow portrait frame logo is prominently featured on the front covers of its magazines and also serves as the logo for its television channels, indicating it is not exclusively used on TV channels.

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Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor is credited with pioneering the widespread integration of photographs in magazines, a development that substantially enhanced the popularity of *National Geographic*.

Answer: True

Explanation: Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor pioneered the extensive use of photographs to tell stories in magazines, which significantly boosted the publication's popularity.

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*National Geographic* magazine terminated all its staff writers in June 2023 and discontinued physical distribution in the U.S. in 2024.

Answer: False

Explanation: While *National Geographic* laid off its remaining staff writers in June 2023 and announced publications would no longer be sold at physical newsstands in the U.S. starting in 2024, a monthly magazine will continue to be published through freelance writers and a small editorial staff, meaning it did not cease physical distribution entirely.

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*The National Geographic Magazine* debuted its first issue in October 1888, functioning as the official journal of the Society.

Answer: True

Explanation: *The National Geographic Magazine* published its first issue in October 1888, serving as the Society's official journal and a benefit for members.

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The distinctive yellow border adorning *National Geographic* magazine covers was first introduced in 1900.

Answer: False

Explanation: The *National Geographic* magazine began using its trademarked yellow border with the February 1910 issue.

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*National Geographic* magazine is disseminated in more than 50 local-language editions globally.

Answer: False

Explanation: *National Geographic* magazine is currently published in 40 local-language editions worldwide.

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National Geographic's publications concerning natural remedies have garnered acclaim from the medical community for their rigorous scientific basis.

Answer: False

Explanation: National Geographic's books on natural remedies have faced criticism from a medical perspective for lacking scientific evidence and presenting inconsistent claims.

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Nancy J. Hajeski, identified as the author of National Geographic's natural remedies books, possesses medical credentials.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nancy J. Hajeski is described as a fiction and nonfiction writer without medical or scientific credentials.

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*National Geographic World* magazine was succeeded by *National Geographic Explorer* and *National Geographic Kids* magazines in 2001.

Answer: True

Explanation: *National Geographic World* was separated into *National Geographic Explorer* and *National Geographic Kids* magazines in 2001.

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Describe the distinctive geometric shape of the National Geographic Society's iconic logo.

Answer: Yellow portrait frame, rectangular in shape

Explanation: The National Geographic Society's logo is a distinctive yellow portrait frame, rectangular in shape.

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Which significant contribution is attributed to Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor regarding *National Geographic* magazine?

Answer: He pioneered the extensive use of photographs to tell stories.

Explanation: Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor pioneered the extensive use of photographs to tell stories in magazines, which significantly boosted the publication's popularity.

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Describe the notable change that impacted *National Geographic* magazine's staff writers in June 2023.

Answer: Its remaining staff writers were laid off.

Explanation: On June 29, 2023, *National Geographic* laid off its remaining staff writers.

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In what month and year was the inaugural issue of *The National Geographic Magazine* released?

Answer: October 1888

Explanation: *The National Geographic Magazine* published its first issue in October 1888.

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Specify the year in which *National Geographic* magazine adopted its renowned yellow border.

Answer: 1910

Explanation: The *National Geographic* magazine began using its trademarked yellow border with the February 1910 issue.

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What is the current number of local-language editions of *National Geographic* magazine published globally?

Answer: 40

Explanation: *National Geographic* magazine is currently published in 40 local-language editions worldwide.

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From the options provided, identify which is NOT a periodical publication issued by the National Geographic Society.

Answer: *National Geographic Tech Review*

Explanation: The Society publishes *National Geographic Explorer*, *National Geographic History*, and *National Geographic Kids*, but *National Geographic Tech Review* is not listed as one of its periodicals.

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In 2001, which publications succeeded *National Geographic World*?

Answer: *National Geographic Explorer* and *National Geographic Kids*

Explanation: In 2001, *National Geographic World* was separated into the current *National Geographic Explorer* and *National Geographic Kids* magazines.

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What specific criticisms have been directed towards National Geographic's publications regarding natural remedies?

Answer: They lack scientific evidence and present inconsistent claims.

Explanation: National Geographic's books on natural remedies have faced criticism for making recommendations that lack scientific evidence and presenting inconsistent claims.

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Identify the author credited for National Geographic's series of books on natural remedies.

Answer: Nancy J. Hajeski

Explanation: Nancy J. Hajeski was identified as the author of National Geographic's natural remedies books.

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Media Ventures and Digital Presence

National Geographic Films operated as a wholly owned taxable subsidiary, tasked with the production of feature films and documentaries.

Answer: True

Explanation: National Geographic Films was a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of the National Geographic Society, responsible for the production of feature films and documentaries.

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The $100 million fund, a collaboration between National Geographic Films and Image Nation, sought to produce 10 to 15 films over a ten-year period.

Answer: False

Explanation: The $100 million fund established by National Geographic Films and Image Nation aimed to develop, produce, finance, and acquire 10 to 15 films over a *five-year* period, not a decade.

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National Geographic Cinema Ventures (NGCV) specialized in the creation and dissemination of giant-screen, 3D, and other niche films.

Answer: True

Explanation: National Geographic Cinema Ventures (NGCV) specialized in the production and distribution of giant-screen, 3D, and other specialty films.

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The *Geographic* television series in the U.S. has maintained a continuous broadcast presence on PBS since its debut in 1964.

Answer: False

Explanation: The *Geographic* television series in the U.S. began on CBS in 1964 and moved across several networks (ABC, PBS, NBC) before finally moving to the National Geographic Channel in 2005, indicating it did not consistently air on PBS.

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National Geographic television specials were instrumental in elevating figures such as Jacques Cousteau and Jane Goodall to global renown.

Answer: True

Explanation: National Geographic television specials featured numerous scientific figures such as Jacques Cousteau and Jane Goodall, playing a significant role in making them world-famous.

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National Geographic Music and Radio (NGMR) primarily concentrates on conventional radio broadcasts.

Answer: False

Explanation: National Geographic Music and Radio (NGMR) encompasses a broad scope including digital music distribution, music publishing, radio content, a TV channel, and music for film and television, not solely traditional radio broadcasts.

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From the given list, which film was NOT a production or co-production of National Geographic Films?

Answer: *Avatar*

Explanation: National Geographic Films produced or co-produced *March of the Penguins*, *The Way Back*, and *Restrepo*, but *Avatar* is not listed among its productions.

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State the objective of the $100 million fund created by National Geographic Films and Image Nation in 2008.

Answer: To develop, produce, finance, and acquire 10-15 films over five years.

Explanation: The $100 million fund established by National Geographic Films and Image Nation aimed to develop, produce, finance, and acquire 10 to 15 films over a five-year period.

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In what specific area did National Geographic Cinema Ventures (NGCV) hold expertise?

Answer: Producing and distributing giant-screen, 3D, and other specialty films

Explanation: National Geographic Cinema Ventures (NGCV) specialized in the production and distribution of giant-screen, 3D, and other specialty films.

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As of 2012, which museum was cited as a participant in the National Geographic Cinema Ventures' Museum Partnership Program?

Answer: The Putnam Museum in Davenport, Iowa

Explanation: As of 2012, the Putnam Museum in Davenport, Iowa, was listed as a partner in the National Geographic Cinema Ventures' Museum Partnership Program.

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On which television network did the *Geographic* series in the U.S. first air in 1964?

Answer: CBS

Explanation: The *Geographic* television series in the U.S. began on CBS in 1964.

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From the following individuals, which scientific figure was NOT explicitly mentioned as being featured in National Geographic television specials?

Answer: Neil deGrasse Tyson

Explanation: National Geographic television specials featured Jacques Cousteau, Jane Goodall, and Louis Leakey, but Neil deGrasse Tyson is not mentioned.

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Describe the comprehensive scope of National Geographic Music and Radio (NGMR).

Answer: Digital music distribution, music publishing, radio content, and Nat Geo Music TV channel

Explanation: National Geographic Music and Radio (NGMR) encompasses National Geographic Live! events, digital music distribution, music publishing, radio content, the Nat Geo Music TV channel, and music for film and television.

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In what timeframe was the National Geographic Music and Radio division officially announced?

Answer: Early August 2007

Explanation: The National Geographic Music and Radio division was announced in early August 2007.

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Exploration, Research, and Awards

The National Geographic Society has provided more than 11,000 grants to support scientific research and exploration endeavors.

Answer: True

Explanation: The organization has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research and exploration projects.

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National Geographic Expeditions commenced operations in 2009 with the primary objective of generating profit for the Society.

Answer: False

Explanation: National Geographic Expeditions was launched in 1999, and its purpose is to fulfill one of the Society's missions, with proceeds contributing to the Society's overall mission of exploration and education, not solely profit generation.

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The Hubbard Medal, conferred by the National Geographic Society, recognizes exceptional distinction in the fields of exploration, discovery, and research.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Hubbard Medal is an award presented by the National Geographic Society for distinction in exploration, discovery, and research.

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The Alexander Graham Bell Medal is an award frequently bestowed for significant contributions to geographic research.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Alexander Graham Bell Medal is an award *rarely* given by the National Geographic Society for exceptional contributions to geographic research.

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National Geographic Explorers are individuals who are granted funding and support to enlighten and safeguard the world through their professional endeavors.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Geographic Explorers program designates individuals who receive funding and support from the Society to illuminate and protect the world through their work in science, exploration, education, and storytelling.

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Gilbert Melville Grosvenor was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005, recognizing his significant contributions to geography education.

Answer: True

Explanation: Gilbert Melville Grosvenor was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 for his significant leadership and contributions to geography education.

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The National Geographic Society was bestowed with the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in 2006.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Geographic Society received the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in October 2006.

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What is the approximate number of grants for scientific research and exploration that the National Geographic Society has bestowed?

Answer: More than 11,000

Explanation: The organization has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research and exploration.

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What specific achievement led to Gilbert Melville Grosvenor receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005?

Answer: His significant contributions to geography education.

Explanation: Gilbert Melville Grosvenor was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 for his significant leadership and contributions to geography education.

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Which esteemed international award was conferred upon the National Geographic Society in October 2006?

Answer: Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities

Explanation: The National Geographic Society received the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in October 2006.

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In what year did National Geographic Expeditions commence its operations?

Answer: 1999

Explanation: National Geographic Expeditions was launched in 1999.

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After whom is the prestigious Hubbard Medal named?

Answer: Gardiner Greene Hubbard

Explanation: The Hubbard Medal is named in honor of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the first president of the National Geographic Society.

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By 2018, what was the total number of times the Hubbard Medal had been awarded?

Answer: 44

Explanation: As of 2018, the Hubbard Medal had been presented 44 times.

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What specific achievements are recognized by the Alexander Graham Bell Medal?

Answer: Exceptional contributions to geographic research

Explanation: The Alexander Graham Bell Medal is awarded for exceptional contributions to geographic research.

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Corporate Structure and Financial Evolution

National Geographic Partners functions as a joint venture responsible for managing the Society's magazine, television channels, and other media operations.

Answer: True

Explanation: National Geographic Partners is indeed a joint venture that operates the Society's magazine, television channels, website, worldwide events, and other media operations.

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The National Geographic Society's acquisition of *Hampton-Brown* in 2006 was a highly profitable undertaking.

Answer: False

Explanation: The acquisition of *Hampton-Brown* in 2006 did not generate substantial profit for the Society.

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In 2015, the media properties of National Geographic underwent reorganization into National Geographic Partners, a new for-profit entity in which 21st Century Fox held a majority stake.

Answer: True

Explanation: On September 9, 2015, the Society reorganized its media properties into National Geographic Partners, with 21st Century Fox holding a 73% majority stake.

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The reorganization in 2015 resulted in the most significant staff reduction in National Geographic's history, impacting approximately 9% of its workforce.

Answer: True

Explanation: Following the 2015 reorganization, approximately 180 employees, representing 9% of National Geographic's staff, were laid off, marking the largest staff reduction in the Society's history.

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The Walt Disney Company acquired 21st Century Fox's stake in National Geographic Partners in 2017.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Walt Disney Company assumed 21st Century Fox's share in National Geographic Partners in March 2019, not 2017.

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The Walt Disney Company possesses a 27% ownership stake in National Geographic Partners, while the National Geographic Society maintains the majority.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Walt Disney Company holds a 73% stake in National Geographic Partners, with the National Geographic Society owning the remaining 27%.

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In 2013, the National Geographic Society underwent an investigation concerning a potential violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 2013, the Society was investigated for a possible violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, related to its association with an Egyptian government official.

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Identify the corporate entity that serves as a joint venture partner with the National Geographic Society in National Geographic Partners.

Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Explanation: National Geographic Partners is a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the National Geographic Society.

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What was the principal result of the National Geographic Society's acquisition of *Hampton-Brown* in 2006?

Answer: It did not generate substantial profit.

Explanation: The acquisition of *Hampton-Brown* in 2006 did not generate substantial profit for the Society.

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Following the 2015 reorganization, what initial percentage stake did 21st Century Fox possess in National Geographic Partners?

Answer: 73%

Explanation: 21st Century Fox held a 73% stake in National Geographic Partners after the 2015 reorganization.

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Identify the corporation that acquired 21st Century Fox's stake in National Geographic Partners in March 2019.

Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Explanation: The Walt Disney Company assumed 21st Century Fox's share in National Geographic Partners in March 2019.

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Describe the current ownership distribution of National Geographic Partners.

Answer: The Walt Disney Company owns 73%, National Geographic Society owns 27%.

Explanation: National Geographic Partners is a for-profit joint venture where The Walt Disney Company holds a 73% stake, and the National Geographic Society owns the remaining 27%.

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Headquarters and Operations

The National Geographic Society's global headquarters are situated in New York City, United States.

Answer: False

Explanation: The National Geographic Society is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, not New York City.

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All National Geographic retail stores, including international locations, are directly managed by the National Geographic Society.

Answer: False

Explanation: Retail stores outside of the United States are managed by Worldwide Retail Store S.L., a Spanish holding company, not directly by the National Geographic Society.

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The National Geographic Society Headquarters was awarded a 'Green' certification in 2004, recognizing its environmentally conscious design.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 2004, the National Geographic Society Headquarters received a 'Green' certification from Global Green USA for its environmentally friendly design and operations.

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The National Geographic Museum exclusively showcases permanent exhibits focused on natural history.

Answer: False

Explanation: The National Geographic Museum features rotating exhibitions showcasing the work of explorers, photographers, and scientists, as well as exhibits related to natural history, culture, history, or society, in addition to permanent artifacts.

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In which city is the National Geographic Society primarily headquartered?

Answer: Washington, D.C., United States

Explanation: The National Geographic Society is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States.

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Specify the year in which the National Geographic Society Headquarters obtained a 'Green' certification from Global Green USA.

Answer: 2004

Explanation: In 2004, the National Geographic Society Headquarters received a 'Green' certification from Global Green USA.

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In which city is the National Geographic Museum situated?

Answer: Washington, D.C.

Explanation: The National Geographic Museum is located in Washington, D.C.

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