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Before French colonization, the area of modern Niamey was a highly urbanized center inhabited primarily by the Songhai people.
Answer: False
Explanation: Prior to French development, the area of modern Niamey was a buffer zone, not urbanized, and inhabited by various ethnic groups, not primarily Songhai.
The villages of Goudel and Gamkalé, foundational to present-day Niamey, were established on the right (west) bank of the Niger River in the sixteenth century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The villages of Goudel and Gamkalé were founded on the left (east) bank of the Niger River in the sixteenth century.
The Zarma people's oral history attributes Niamey's name to their founder, Chief Kouri Mali, who used the phrase 'wa gnam ne'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Zarma people's oral history states that Niamey's name originated from their founder, Chief Kouri Mali, who used the phrase 'wa gnam ne'.
The Voulet–Chanoine Mission was the first European expedition to mention Niamey in 1897.
Answer: False
Explanation: Émile Auguste Léon Hourst's mission recorded the first European mention of Niamey in 1897, while the Voulet–Chanoine Mission mentioned it in 1899.
Captain Henri Salaman established the first French post in Niamey in 1901, choosing the location for its strategic position as a port.
Answer: True
Explanation: Captain Henri Salaman established the first French post in Niamey in 1901, selecting the location for its strategic potential as a port connecting Zinder and Timbuktu.
Henri Salaman's administration discouraged migration to the new French settlement area by imposing high taxes on new residents.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henri Salaman's administration encouraged migration to the new settlement area by offering incentives such as suspending taxation and forced labor for new residents.
Niamey became the capital of Niger in 1903, replacing Zinder, and had a population of approximately 1,800 inhabitants by 1904.
Answer: True
Explanation: Niamey replaced Zinder as the capital of Niger in 1903, and by 1904, its population was approximately 1,800 inhabitants.
The capital was moved back to Zinder in 1911 primarily due to Niamey's insufficient potable water supply.
Answer: False
Explanation: The capital was moved back to Zinder in 1911 because violence in the eastern region had subsided, and Niamey was repositioned further from the territory's center.
The 1930-1931 famine caused a tenfold increase in Niamey's population due to an influx of internally displaced people.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1930-1931 famine led to a tenfold increase in Niamey's population due to an influx of internally displaced people.
Djibo Bakary became Niamey's first mayor after the municipal elections in November 1956.
Answer: True
Explanation: Djibo Bakary, a popular trade union leader, became Niamey's first mayor following the country's first municipal elections on November 18, 1956.
By 1960, the year of Niger's independence, Niamey's population had reached approximately 100,000 inhabitants.
Answer: False
Explanation: By 1960, the year of Niger's independence, Niamey's population had grown to 33,816.
Which of the following ethnic groups was NOT mentioned as inhabiting the area of modern Niamey before the French colonial era?
Answer: Tuareg
Explanation: The source mentions Fula, Zarma, Maouri, and Songhai people as inhabiting the area of modern Niamey before the French colonial era, but not Tuareg.
According to oral histories, which group believes Niamey was named 'Gna-mé' after a landmark tree?
Answer: The Maouri people
Explanation: Oral histories indicate that the Maouri people believe the city was named 'Gna-mé' after a landmark tree called Gna.
What was Niamey's approximate population in 1904 when it became the capital of the Third Military Territory of Niger?
Answer: 1,800 inhabitants
Explanation: In 1904, when Niamey became the capital of the Third Military Territory of Niger, its population was approximately 1,800 inhabitants.
Which of the following was NOT a reason for Niamey being re-established as the capital of the Colony of Niger in 1926?
Answer: Zinder's sufficient potable water supply
Explanation: Zinder's *insufficient* potable water supply was a reason for the capital's relocation, not a sufficient one.
What was the primary impact of the 1930-1931 famine on Niamey's population?
Answer: A tenfold increase due to an influx of internally displaced people.
Explanation: The 1930-1931 famine caused a tenfold increase in Niamey's population due to an influx of internally displaced people.
What was the main reason for the cancellation of most of Niamey's 1937 urban plan during World War II?
Answer: Colonial officials left for the war, shifting administration priority to commercial farming.
Explanation: Most of the 1937 urban plan was canceled during World War II because colonial officials left for the war, and the administration shifted its priority to commercial farming.
By what year had Niamey's population doubled to about 15,000, making it Niger's first urban center?
Answer: 1955
Explanation: By 1955, Niamey's population had doubled to approximately 15,000, establishing it as Niger's first urban center.
What significant event in Niamey in 1990 fueled protests and political participation in support of democracy?
Answer: The Kennedy Bridge massacre.
Explanation: The 1990 Kennedy Bridge massacre, where soldiers killed three student protestors, significantly fueled protests and political participation in support of democracy.
What was the fate of President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara in Niamey in April 1999?
Answer: He was ambushed, shot, and killed at Niamey's airport during a coup d'Ă©tat.
Explanation: On April 9, 1999, President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara was ambushed, shot, and killed at Niamey's airport during a coup d'état.
The 'Niamey paradox' describes a phenomenon where the region experiences increased surface water levels despite decreased rainfall.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Niamey paradox' refers to the phenomenon where the region around Niamey has experienced increases in surface water levels despite decreases in rainfall.
What is the highest point in Niamey, reaching an elevation of 250 meters?
Answer: Trois SĹ“urs
Explanation: The highest point in Niamey, reaching an elevation of 250 meters, is known as Trois SĹ“urs.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cool dry season in Niamey?
Answer: Temperatures regularly exceed 40°C.
Explanation: Temperatures regularly exceeding 40°C are characteristic of the *hot* dry season, not the cool dry season, where average nighttime lows range from 14 to 18°C.
What is the total area of Niamey as of 2022?
Answer: 552.27 square kilometers
Explanation: As of 2022, Niamey covers a total area of 552.27 square kilometers.
Niamey's population is predominantly elderly, with a median age of 45 years as of 2013.
Answer: False
Explanation: Niamey's population is predominantly young, with a median age of 14 years as of 2013.
The Niamey Grand Market, also known as 'Grand Marché,' is the city's largest commercial site.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Niamey Grand Market, also known as 'Grand Marché,' is identified as the city's largest commercial site.
What was the estimated percentage of Niamey's population classified as poor by the national government in 1993?
Answer: 42%
Explanation: In 1993, the national government classified 42% of Niamey's population as poor.
As of 2022, what was the estimated population of Niamey?
Answer: Over 1.4 million
Explanation: As of 2022, Niamey had an estimated population of 1,407,635, which is over 1.4 million.
Which of the following is the largest commercial site in Niamey?
Answer: The Niamey Grand Market
Explanation: The Niamey Grand Market, also known as 'Grand Marché,' is identified as the city's largest commercial site.
The 1952 Plan Herbé successfully maintained a clear distinction between European and indigenous neighborhoods in Niamey for several decades.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1952 Plan Herbé quickly became outdated due to rapid urban growth, leading to the elimination of the distinction between European and indigenous neighborhoods by 1955.
The Kennedy Bridge, connecting the left and right banks of the Niger River, opened in 1970, initiating urbanization on the less populated right bank.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Kennedy Bridge opened in 1970, connecting the left and right banks of the Niger River and initiating urbanization on the less populated right bank.
The Niamey railway station, the first in Niger, was inaugurated in April 2014, and its planned extension to Benin was successfully completed by 2020.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Niamey railway station was inaugurated in April 2014, but the planned extension to Benin ultimately failed, with disassembly of rails beginning in 2024.
What percentage of Niamey's households had access to electricity as of 2005?
Answer: 54.4%
Explanation: As of 2005, 54.4% of households in Niamey had access to electricity.
What is the primary source of water for Niamey?
Answer: The Niger River
Explanation: The Niger River is the sole source of Niamey's water supply.
As of 2012, Niamey's healthcare staffing levels were above WHO recommendations, with ample doctors and nurses.
Answer: False
Explanation: As of 2012, Niamey's healthcare staffing levels were below WHO recommendations, with a scarcity of doctors and nurses.
The Niamey National Hospital serves as Niger's main referral hospital, primarily treating outpatients and specializing in various medical fields.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Niamey National Hospital functions as Niger's main referral hospital, primarily treating outpatients and specializing in various medical fields.
What is the common term for street vendors who sell generic drugs in individual portions in Niamey?
Answer: Akwaku
Explanation: Street vendors who sell generic drugs in individual portions in Niamey are commonly known in Hausa as 'akwaku'.
Abdou Moumouni University (AMU) in Niamey was founded in 1971 as the Centre d'Enseignement Superieur and has significant political influence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Abdou Moumouni University (AMU) was founded as the Centre d'Enseignement Superieur in 1971 and holds significant political influence in Niamey.
Which of the following is NOT a type of education available in Niamey, according to the source?
Answer: Mandatory military academies for all youth
Explanation: The source mentions Quranic education, secular public schools, and Catholic mission schools as available types of education in Niamey, but not mandatory military academies for all youth.
How many public primary schools were present in Niamey in 2022, according to the source?
Answer: 808
Explanation: According to the source, there were 808 public primary schools in Niamey in 2022.
Niamey is officially designated as the Niamey Urban Community (CUN), functioning as a first-level administrative division equivalent to Niger's regions.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Niamey Urban Community (CUN) is officially designated as a first-level administrative division of Niger, equivalent to the country's regions, and functions as the capital district.
The Niamey Urban Community (CUN) includes five traditional chiefdoms, all entirely within the community's boundaries.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Niamey Urban Community (CUN) includes three traditional chiefdoms, with only one (Saga) entirely within its boundaries, while Karma and Lamordé extend into the Tillabéri Region.
Niamey has a very high rate of violent crime, leading to extensive night patrols by various state police groups.
Answer: False
Explanation: Niamey has a very low rate of violent crime, although police presence and night patrols did increase following the 2010 coup.