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O. C. Simonds, a landscape gardener, designed Nichols Arboretum, which was established in 1907.
Answer: True
Explanation: O. C. Simonds, a landscape gardener, designed Nichols Arboretum, and its establishment year is recorded as 1907.
O. C. Simonds' design philosophy emphasized creating artificial structures that contrasted sharply with the natural landscape.
Answer: False
Explanation: O. C. Simonds' design philosophy emphasized integrating with the natural landscape rather than creating contrasting artificial structures.
The 1906 plan illustrates the initial design concept for the arboretum's layout.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1906 plan provides insight into the initial design concept and intended layout of the arboretum.
Nichols Arboretum was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.
Answer: False
Explanation: Nichols Arboretum was designed by O. C. Simonds, not Frederick Law Olmsted.
Who was the landscape designer responsible for planning Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: O. C. Simonds
Explanation: O. C. Simonds was the landscape designer responsible for planning Nichols Arboretum.
In what year was Nichols Arboretum established?
Answer: 1907
Explanation: Nichols Arboretum was established in the year 1907.
O. C. Simonds' design philosophy for the arboretum focused on:
Answer: Integrating with the existing natural landscape
Explanation: O. C. Simonds' design philosophy emphasized integrating the arboretum with its existing natural landscape.
What design element, emphasized by O. C. Simonds, involves carefully orchestrated perspectives within the landscape?
Answer: Long views
Explanation: O. C. Simonds emphasized 'long views,' which are carefully orchestrated perspectives within the landscape.
Nichols Arboretum, commonly referred to as 'The Arb,' is situated on the campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Nichols Arboretum is situated on the campus of the University of Michigan, not Michigan State University.
The University of Michigan operates Nichols Arboretum.
Answer: True
Explanation: The University of Michigan is identified as the operator of Nichols Arboretum.
The City of Ann Arbor agreed to manage the botanical garden, while the University of Michigan committed to building roads.
Answer: False
Explanation: The agreement stipulated that the University of Michigan would manage the botanical garden, while the City of Ann Arbor committed to building roads and providing policing.
The botany faculty at the University of Michigan were satisfied with the Nichols Arboretum site for advanced plant research.
Answer: False
Explanation: The botany faculty were dissatisfied with the Nichols Arboretum site due to its hilly terrain being unsuitable for greenhouses required for advanced plant research.
Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum were administratively separated in 2004.
Answer: False
Explanation: Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum were administratively reunited in 2004, not separated.
The official website for Nichols Arboretum is mbgn.umich.edu/nichols-arboretum.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official website for Nichols Arboretum is provided as mbgn.umich.edu/nichols-arboretum.
The University of Michigan's botany faculty moved their research greenhouses to the Nichols Arboretum site in 1914.
Answer: False
Explanation: The University of Michigan's botany faculty sought a different site for their research greenhouses in 1914 because the Nichols Arboretum site was deemed unsuitable.
What is the primary function of Nichols Arboretum as described in the source?
Answer: A dedicated space for the study and display of plants
Explanation: The primary function of Nichols Arboretum is described as a dedicated space for the study and display of plants.
Which university operates Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: The University of Michigan
Explanation: The University of Michigan operates Nichols Arboretum.
According to the agreement between the City of Ann Arbor and the University of Michigan, who was responsible for managing the arboretum?
Answer: The University of Michigan
Explanation: The agreement stipulated that the University of Michigan would manage the arboretum.
Why were the University of Michigan's botany faculty unhappy with the Nichols Arboretum site?
Answer: Its hilly terrain was unsuitable for greenhouses.
Explanation: The botany faculty found the hilly terrain of the Nichols Arboretum site unsuitable for constructing the greenhouses necessary for their research.
In what year were Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum administratively reunited?
Answer: 2004
Explanation: Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum were administratively reunited in 2004.
Nichols Arboretum covers an area of approximately 128 acres.
Answer: True
Explanation: The arboretum encompasses an area of approximately 128 acres.
The Huron River flows through the center of Nichols Arboretum.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Huron River flows adjacent to, but not through the center of, Nichols Arboretum.
The ravine known as 'Schoolgirls' Glen' was named after university professors who conducted botanical studies there.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ravine known as 'Schoolgirls' Glen' was named likely for pupils of a girls' school who gathered flowers there, not university professors.
Increased rainwater runoff due to university construction in the 1950s led to severe erosion in Schoolgirls' Glen.
Answer: True
Explanation: University construction in the 1950s increased rainwater runoff into Schoolgirls' Glen, causing severe erosion.
The Nathan Burnham House, moved to the arboretum in 1998, now serves as a visitor center.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Nathan Burnham House was relocated to the arboretum in 1998 and now functions as the James D. Reader Jr. Urban Environmental Education Center.
The 'Shakespeare in the Arb' event, starting in 2000, utilizes elaborate stage sets and lighting.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Shakespeare in the Arb' event is characterized by natural staging without artificial scenery or lighting.
The postcard image from circa 1918 shows the W. E. Upjohn Peony Garden in bloom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The postcard image from circa 1918 depicts Schoolgirls' Glen, not the W. E. Upjohn Peony Garden in bloom.
The ravine known as 'Schoolgirls' Glen' was historically a popular retreat for university students.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historically, 'Schoolgirls' Glen' served as a popular retreat for university students due to its natural beauty and proximity to campus.
The James D. Reader Jr. Urban Environmental Education Center is housed in the relocated Nathan Burnham House.
Answer: True
Explanation: The relocated Nathan Burnham House now serves as the James D. Reader Jr. Urban Environmental Education Center.
The 'Shakespeare in the Arb' event is performed annually in the main auditorium of the arboretum.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Shakespeare in the Arb' event is performed outdoors within the arboretum, not in an auditorium.
Approximately how large is Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: 128 acres
Explanation: Nichols Arboretum covers an area of approximately 128 acres.
Nichols Arboretum is located adjacent to which river?
Answer: Huron River
Explanation: Nichols Arboretum is situated adjacent to the Huron River.
What historical ravine, once a popular student retreat, is now part of the arboretum?
Answer: Schoolgirls' Glen
Explanation: Schoolgirls' Glen is a historical ravine that was a popular student retreat and is now part of the arboretum.
What development in the 1950s significantly increased erosion in Schoolgirls' Glen?
Answer: Construction of university facilities creating impervious surfaces
Explanation: Construction of university facilities in the 1950s led to increased impervious surfaces and subsequent rainwater runoff, significantly increasing erosion in Schoolgirls' Glen.
What historic building was relocated to the arboretum in 1998 to serve as an education center?
Answer: The Nathan Burnham House
Explanation: The Nathan Burnham House was relocated to the arboretum in 1998 and now serves as an education center.
The annual 'Shakespeare in the Arb' event is characterized by:
Answer: Natural staging without artificial scenery or lighting
Explanation: The 'Shakespeare in the Arb' event is characterized by natural staging, utilizing the environment without artificial scenery or lighting.
Nichols Arboretum features over 400 species of plants, with more than 100 different types of trees.
Answer: True
Explanation: The arboretum's collection includes over 400 species of plants, among which are more than 100 different types of trees.
The arboretum's collection includes rare species like the Ginkgo and Cedars of Lebanon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The arboretum's collection features rare species such as the Ginkgo and Cedars of Lebanon.
The four Cedars of Lebanon planted in 1946 are located within their optimal cold hardiness range.
Answer: False
Explanation: The four Cedars of Lebanon planted in 1946 are located at the extreme edge of their cold hardiness range, indicating they are not within their optimal range.
The Chinese Fringetree at the arboretum is believed to be the oldest specimen of its kind in Michigan.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Chinese Fringetree at Nichols Arboretum is believed to be the oldest specimen of its species in the state of Michigan.
Conifers like pines and spruces were primarily planted in Nichols Arboretum during the late 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conifers, including pines and spruces, were primarily planted in Nichols Arboretum between the 1910s and 1930s, not the late 19th century.
The arboretum features Japanese larches planted in 1938 and European larches planted in 1952.
Answer: True
Explanation: Japanese larches were planted in 1938, and European larches were planted in 1952 within the arboretum.
Trees from the Legume family, such as redbud and honeylocust, are absent from the arboretum's collection.
Answer: False
Explanation: Trees from the Legume family, including redbud and honeylocust, are present in the arboretum's collection.
The arboretum's collection includes Magnolias and Tuliptrees.
Answer: True
Explanation: Magnolias and Tuliptrees are among the species included in the arboretum's collection.
The Dow Prairie area has been restored to resemble its pre-settlement landscape and includes native plants like Big bluestem.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Dow Prairie area has been restored to reflect its pre-settlement landscape and features native plants such as Big bluestem.
The Wetlands area of the arboretum is characterized by dry upland forest species.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wetlands area is characterized by wet meadow and hardwood swamp species, not dry upland forest species.
The Uplands area is primarily a second and third-growth oak-hickory forest.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Uplands area is predominantly characterized as a second and third-growth oak-hickory forest.
The arboretum features native oak species such as red oak and white oak, alongside Asian species like sawtooth oak.
Answer: True
Explanation: Native oak species, including red and white oak, and Asian species like sawtooth oak are represented in the arboretum's collection.
The Uplands area is characterized by ancient forests dating back to the original establishment of the arboretum.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Uplands area is characterized by second and third-growth woodland, not ancient forests dating back to the arboretum's establishment.
How many species of trees are featured in Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: 110 different species
Explanation: Nichols Arboretum features 110 different species of trees.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a notable tree species in Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: Giant Sequoia
Explanation: Giant Sequoia is not listed as a notable tree species in Nichols Arboretum, while Cedar of Lebanon, Ginkgo, and Tuliptree are.
What type of forest primarily characterizes the Uplands area of Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: Oak-hickory forest
Explanation: The Uplands area is primarily characterized as an oak-hickory forest.
The Dow Prairie area has been restored to resemble the landscape:
Answer: Prior to European settlement
Explanation: The Dow Prairie area has been restored to resemble the landscape prior to European settlement.
Which of the following is an example of a native oak species found in the arboretum?
Answer: White oak
Explanation: White oak is an example of a native oak species found in the arboretum, alongside others like red oak and black oak.
The Wetlands area contains plant communities such as:
Answer: Hardwood swamp and wet meadow
Explanation: The Wetlands area contains plant communities including hardwood swamp and wet meadow species.
The oldest oaks in the Uplands area of Nichols Arboretum are estimated to be how old?
Answer: Between 75 and 119 years old
Explanation: The oldest oaks in the Uplands area are estimated to be between 75 and 119 years old.
Walter and Esther Connor Nichols donated land to the University of Michigan in 1906, leading to the arboretum being named in their honor.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1906, Walter and Esther Connor Nichols donated land to the University of Michigan, which subsequently led to the arboretum being named in their honor.
The University of Michigan established its first botanical garden in 1897, fulfilling early campus plans from the 1830s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Early campus plans from the 1830s envisioned a botanical garden, and the University of Michigan eventually established its first such garden in 1897.
Nichols Arboretum was officially named in 1922, following its transfer to the landscape architecture faculty.
Answer: True
Explanation: The site was officially named Nichols Arboretum in 1922, after its responsibility was transferred to the landscape architecture faculty.
The land for the arboretum was initially donated by Esther Connor Nichols and Walter Nichols in honor of whom?
Answer: Themselves
Explanation: The land was donated by Esther Connor Nichols and Walter Nichols in honor of themselves.
When was the site officially designated as Nichols Arboretum?
Answer: 1922
Explanation: The site was officially designated as Nichols Arboretum in 1922.