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Study Guide: NJ Transit: Operations and Development

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NJ Transit: Operations and Development Study Guide

NJ Transit Overview and History

NJ Transit's operational service area is confined solely to the state of New Jersey.

Answer: False

Explanation: While primarily serving New Jersey, NJ Transit's service area extends into portions of New York State and Pennsylvania, including specific counties and cities like Philadelphia.

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NJ Transit holds the distinction of being the largest statewide public transit system in the U.S. and ranks as the third-largest provider nationally in terms of ridership.

Answer: True

Explanation: NJ Transit is recognized as the largest statewide public transit system in the United States and is the third-largest provider by overall ridership.

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In 2024, NJ Transit reported an annual ridership of 225,620,400 passengers.

Answer: True

Explanation: Official reports indicate that NJ Transit recorded an annual ridership of 225,620,400 passengers in 2024.

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NJ Transit commenced operations in 1979, initially established as a division directly administered by the Governor's office.

Answer: False

Explanation: NJ Transit commenced operations on July 17, 1979, as an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), not directly managed by the Governor's office.

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What is the principal function of NJ Transit?

Answer: Operating bus, light rail, and commuter rail services.

Explanation: NJ Transit's primary mandate is to provide and manage public transportation services, including bus, light rail, and commuter rail operations.

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Identify an area that is NOT served by NJ Transit services.

Answer: Boston, Massachusetts

Explanation: NJ Transit's service area includes parts of New York and Pennsylvania, but it does not extend to Boston, Massachusetts.

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What is NJ Transit's national ranking among public transportation providers?

Answer: It is the largest statewide system and the third-largest provider by ridership.

Explanation: NJ Transit is recognized as the largest statewide public transit system in the U.S. and ranks third nationally in terms of ridership.

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In what year did NJ Transit officially commence its operations?

Answer: July 17, 1979

Explanation: NJ Transit officially commenced operations on July 17, 1979.

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Operational Structure and Governance

The NJ Transit Board of Directors comprises 13 members, all of whom are appointed by the Governor and possess voting privileges.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Board consists of 13 members: eleven voting members (eight public, three state officials) and two non-voting members recommended by labor organizations. The Governor appoints members but does not have absolute veto power over all decisions.

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NJ Transit's operational framework is managed through three distinct legal entities: Bus Operations, Light Rail, and Rail Operations.

Answer: False

Explanation: NJ Transit's operations are managed by four legal business entities: NJ Transit Bus Operations, Inc., NJ Transit Mercer, Inc., NJ Transit Morris, Inc., and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc.

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As of the year 2023, NJ Transit manages a comprehensive fleet totaling 4,438 vehicles, encompassing commuter rail cars, light rail vehicles, and buses.

Answer: True

Explanation: As of 2023, NJ Transit's fleet comprised 4,438 vehicles, including commuter rail cars, light rail vehicles, and buses.

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Regarding voting members, how is the NJ Transit Board of Directors structured?

Answer: There are 11 voting members and 2 non-voting members.

Explanation: The NJ Transit Board of Directors includes eleven voting members and two non-voting members.

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Which of the following is not classified as one of the three primary operational divisions of NJ Transit?

Answer: Maintenance and Repair

Explanation: The three main operational divisions of NJ Transit are Bus Operations, Light Rail, and Commuter Rail. Maintenance and Repair is a function within these divisions or supporting services.

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Bus and Light Rail Services

Bus routes in northern New Jersey are predominantly arranged in a 'spoke-and-hub' configuration, similar to the southern part of the state.

Answer: False

Explanation: While southern New Jersey bus routes often follow a 'spoke-and-hub' model, northern New Jersey routes are typically structured in a more web-like configuration.

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The Hudson–Bergen Light Rail system comprises three lines, totaling 24 stations, and extends 20.6 miles along the Hudson Waterfront.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Hudson–Bergen Light Rail system features three lines, serves 24 stations, and covers a distance of 20.6 miles along the Hudson Waterfront.

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The River Line light rail system operates between Newark and Trenton and employs electric multiple unit (EMU) trains.

Answer: False

Explanation: The River Line operates between Trenton and Camden, not Newark and Trenton, and utilizes diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains, not EMUs.

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'Next Generation Bus' is NJ Transit's initiative for developing bus rapid transit (BRT) systems incorporating real-time tracking features.

Answer: True

Explanation: NJ Transit's 'Next Generation Bus' initiative focuses on the advancement of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems, which include features such as real-time location tracking.

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Excluding leased vehicles, how many buses are directly managed by NJ Transit Bus Operations?

Answer: 2,356

Explanation: NJ Transit Bus Operations directly manages 2,356 buses, in addition to leasing out 696 others.

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Identify the NJ Transit light rail line that extends 34 miles along the Delaware River, connecting Trenton and Camden.

Answer: River Line

Explanation: The River Line is the NJ Transit light rail system that runs 34 miles along the Delaware River from Trenton to Camden.

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What is the aggregate length of NJ Transit's three light rail systems?

Answer: Approximately 59.9 miles

Explanation: The combined length of NJ Transit's Hudson–Bergen Light Rail, Newark Light Rail, and River Line is approximately 59.9 miles.

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Commuter Rail Services

In 1983, NJ Transit assumed control of all commuter rail operations within New Jersey from Conrail, a transition that reportedly resulted in a doubling of rail ridership.

Answer: False

Explanation: While NJ Transit did assume commuter rail operations from Conrail in 1983, rail ridership has quadrupled since that time, not merely doubled.

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The inauguration of the Secaucus Junction transfer station in 2003 facilitated direct passenger transfers to PATH trains destined for New York Penn Station.

Answer: False

Explanation: Secaucus Junction allows passengers to transfer between lines heading to Hoboken Terminal and those heading to New York Penn Station, thereby avoiding the need to transfer to PATH trains in Hoboken. PATH trains themselves do not go to New York Penn Station.

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The Pascack Valley Line and the Port Jervis Line are the only NJ Transit commuter rail lines that include stations located within New York State.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Pascack Valley Line and the Port Jervis Line are indeed the sole NJ Transit commuter rail lines that operate stations within the state of New York.

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The Meadowlands Rail Line's primary function is to serve regular commuter traffic to and from the Meadowlands Sports Complex.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Meadowlands Rail Line is primarily utilized for special events held at the Meadowlands Sports Complex, rather than regular daily commuter service.

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The Morris & Essex Lines consist of the Morristown Line and the Gladstone Branch.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Morris & Essex Lines are indeed divided into two distinct branches: the Morristown Line and the Gladstone Branch.

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Prior to NJ Transit's assumption of control in 1983, what was the principal provider of commuter rail services?

Answer: Conrail

Explanation: Before NJ Transit took over in 1983, Conrail was the primary entity operating commuter rail services in New Jersey.

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By what factor has rail ridership increased since NJ Transit assumed responsibility for operating rail services?

Answer: It has quadrupled.

Explanation: Since NJ Transit began operating rail services, ridership has increased by a factor of four.

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Which significant infrastructure enhancement, inaugurated in 2003, established interconnections among northern New Jersey commuter networks for the initial time?

Answer: Secaucus Junction transfer station

Explanation: The Secaucus Junction transfer station, opened in 2003, was a key infrastructure improvement that connected various northern New Jersey commuter rail lines.

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Identify the two NJ Transit commuter rail lines that include stations located within New York State.

Answer: Pascack Valley Line and Port Jervis Line

Explanation: The Pascack Valley Line and the Port Jervis Line are the only NJ Transit commuter rail lines with stations in New York State.

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What is the principal purpose of the Meadowlands Rail Line?

Answer: Serving special events at the Meadowlands Sports Complex.

Explanation: The Meadowlands Rail Line is primarily utilized for service to special events at the Meadowlands Sports Complex.

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Major Infrastructure Projects and Development

The principal objective of the Gateway Program is the replacement of the aging Portal Bridge situated over the Hackensack River.

Answer: False

Explanation: While the Gateway Program includes the replacement of the Portal Bridge, its main objective is broader: to expand and restore the Northeast Corridor by increasing capacity for passenger trains crossing the Hudson River.

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The Hudson Tunnel Project encompasses the construction of a new rail tunnel beneath the Hudson River and the rehabilitation of the existing North River Tunnels, which sustained damage from Hurricane Sandy.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Hudson Tunnel Project aims to construct a new tunnel under the Hudson River and concurrently rehabilitate the North River Tunnels, which were significantly damaged by saltwater intrusion during Hurricane Sandy.

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The proposed extension of the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail Northern Branch is designed to establish a connection between North Bergen and Hackensack.

Answer: False

Explanation: The planned extension of the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail Northern Branch aims to connect North Bergen to Englewood, not Hackensack.

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The Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project is dedicated to reinstating passenger service along a historic rail corridor, with service to Andover, New Jersey, anticipated for completion circa 2027.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project seeks to restore passenger service on the historic rail line, with service to Andover, NJ, projected for completion around 2027.

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The Glassboro–Camden Line is conceptualized as an 18-mile light rail system utilizing diesel multiple unit (DMU) technology, with projected operational commencement by 2028.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Glassboro–Camden Line is planned as an 18-mile diesel multiple unit (DMU) light rail system, with projected operational status by 2028.

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The West Trenton Line proposal, with an estimated cost of $197 million in 2004, intended to establish a direct connection between West Trenton Station and Philadelphia.

Answer: False

Explanation: The West Trenton Line proposal aimed to connect West Trenton Station with Newark Penn Station, with a potential connection to the Raritan Valley Line, not directly with Philadelphia.

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The 'Access to the Region's Core' (ARC) project was terminated due to concerns that its projected cost overruns would be unmanageable for the state.

Answer: True

Explanation: Governor Chris Christie canceled the ARC project on October 27, 2010, citing concerns that New Jersey would bear the financial burden of projected cost overruns.

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NJ Transit has ceased development of the Newark–Elizabeth Rail Link project, citing that the existing airport monorail offers adequate connectivity.

Answer: True

Explanation: NJ Transit is no longer pursuing the Newark–Elizabeth Rail Link because Newark Liberty International Airport already has a monorail connection to NJ Transit's Northeast Corridor Line and Amtrak, providing sufficient connectivity.

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What specific issue is the Portal Bridge Replacement Project designed to address?

Answer: Delays caused by maritime traffic and frequent malfunctions of the old swing-span bridge.

Explanation: The Portal Bridge Replacement Project aims to replace the existing swing-span bridge with a modern structure to eliminate delays caused by maritime traffic and frequent mechanical issues.

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The Hudson Tunnel Project comprises two primary components: the construction of a new tunnel and:

Answer: Rehabilitating the existing North River Tunnels damaged by Hurricane Sandy.

Explanation: The Hudson Tunnel Project involves constructing a new Hudson River rail tunnel and rehabilitating the existing North River Tunnels that were damaged by Hurricane Sandy.

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Which project is proposed to extend the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) from North Bergen northwards to Englewood?

Answer: The HBLR Northern Branch Extension

Explanation: The HBLR Northern Branch Extension project proposes to extend the light rail line from North Bergen to Englewood.

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The Glassboro–Camden Line is planned as an 18-mile system utilizing what specific type of train technology?

Answer: Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU)

Explanation: The Glassboro–Camden Line is planned to utilize diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains.

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What were the stated reasons for the cancellation of the 'Access to the Region's Core' (ARC) project?

Answer: Concerns over potential cost overruns borne by New Jersey.

Explanation: The ARC project was canceled primarily due to concerns that New Jersey would be responsible for significant cost overruns.

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Which project is focused on restoring passenger service along the former Lackawanna Cut-Off right-of-way?

Answer: The Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project

Explanation: The Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project aims to restore passenger service on the historic Lackawanna Cut-Off rail line.

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Significant Events and Incidents

Hurricane Sandy caused significant damage, flooding NJ Transit's rail operations center with 8 feet of water and submerging an emergency generator, and damaging at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars.

Answer: True

Explanation: Hurricane Sandy inflicted substantial damage on NJ Transit's infrastructure, including the flooding of its rail operations center and extensive damage to rolling stock.

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A Texas Longhorn bull straying onto the railway tracks resulted in train delays at Newark Penn Station on December 14, 2023.

Answer: True

Explanation: An unusual incident involving a Texas Longhorn bull on the tracks caused service pauses and delays at Newark Penn Station on December 14, 2023.

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The incident occurring on the River Line on October 14, 2024, involved a light rail train colliding with a tree, leading to one fatality and 23 reported injuries.

Answer: True

Explanation: A collision between a light rail train and a tree on the River Line on October 14, 2024, resulted in one fatality and 23 injuries.

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What was the significant impact of Hurricane Sandy on NJ Transit's infrastructure?

Answer: It flooded the rail operations center and damaged numerous locomotives and rail cars.

Explanation: Hurricane Sandy caused severe damage, including flooding the rail operations center and damaging a substantial number of locomotives and rail cars.

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What event precipitated the suspension of NJ Transit rail service on May 16, 2025?

Answer: A strike by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen over pay disputes.

Explanation: A strike initiated by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen due to pay disputes led to the suspension of NJ Transit rail service on May 16, 2025.

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On October 14, 2024, what object was involved in a collision with a light rail train on the River Line?

Answer: A tree

Explanation: The incident on the River Line on October 14, 2024, involved a light rail train colliding with a tree.

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