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Northern Mexico is formally recognized as an administrative division of Mexico, primarily known by its official designation, *La tierra al norte del trópico*.
Answer: False
Explanation: Northern Mexico is an informal term, not a formal administrative division. Its etymology, *La tierra al norte del trópico*, translates to 'The land above the tropic', but this is not an official designation for an administrative division.
All academic authors consistently define Northern Mexico as comprising the nine states that share a border with the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: While some authors define Northern Mexico by its border states, others include additional states like Durango, Sinaloa, and Baja California Sur, indicating a lack of universal consensus on its exact composition.
The English translation of the etymological phrase for Northern Mexico, *La tierra al norte del trópico*, is 'The land above the tropic'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Spanish phrase *La tierra al norte del trópico* directly translates to 'The land above the tropic', referencing Northern Mexico's geographical position.
Northern Mexico is occasionally referred to by the informal appellations Aridoamerica and *el Norti*, with *el Norti* being a localized pronunciation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The region is indeed known by the nicknames Aridoamerica and *el Norti*, with the latter being a local phonetic variation.
Encompassing a total area of 1,054,549 square kilometers, Northern Mexico exhibits a population density of 66 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Answer: True
Explanation: Northern Mexico's total area is 1,054,549 square kilometers, and its population density is 26 inhabitants per square kilometer (66 per square mile), which matches the statement.
The demonym for individuals from Northern Mexico is 'Norteño' for females and 'Norteña' for males.
Answer: False
Explanation: The correct demonyms are Norteño for males and Norteña for females, meaning the statement reverses the genders.
Which of the following states are consistently considered part of Northern Mexico by authors who define the region by its border with the United States?
Answer: Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, and Tamaulipas
Explanation: Authors who define Northern Mexico by its U.S. border include Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, and Tamaulipas.
What is the English translation of the Spanish etymology *La tierra al norte del trópico* for Northern Mexico?
Answer: The land above the tropic
Explanation: The phrase *La tierra al norte del trópico* directly translates to 'The land above the tropic', referring to the region's geographical location.
What is the total population of Northern Mexico?
Answer: 27,056,627 people
Explanation: Northern Mexico has a total population of 27,056,627 people.
Which of the following states is NOT one of the nine states that constitute Northern Mexico?
Answer: Jalisco
Explanation: Jalisco is not listed among the nine states that constitute Northern Mexico.
Owing to the challenging climate, the initial settlers in Northern Mexico, prior to colonization, primarily engaged in agriculture, which fostered a sedentary lifestyle.
Answer: False
Explanation: The harsh climate limited agriculture, leading the first settlers to adopt a nomadic lifestyle based on hunting and gathering, not sedentary agriculture.
During the colonial era, numerous nomadic groups in Nuevo León were eradicated due to their resistance against the establishment of Monterrey.
Answer: True
Explanation: Many nomadic groups in Nuevo León were indeed exterminated during the colonial period as a consequence of their resistance to the construction of Monterrey.
Monterrey, the first city in Northern Mexico, was founded in 1563 by Francisco de Ibarra.
Answer: False
Explanation: Durango, not Monterrey, was the first city founded in Northern Mexico in 1563 by Francisco de Ibarra.
The *Nueva Vizcaya* colony, established during the colonial era, encompassed modern-day Baja California, Sonora, and Nuevo León.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Nueva Vizcaya* colony encompassed Durango, Chihuahua, and parts of Sinaloa and Coahuila, not Baja California, Sonora, and Nuevo León.
Spanish rulers managed the northern frontier by implementing a punitive policy against indigenous raids and establishing 'interior provinces' with distinct governance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Spanish authorities indeed employed a punitive policy against indigenous raids and created 'interior provinces' with separate governance to manage the northern frontier.
Given the harsh climate, what were the primary economic activities of the initial settlers in Northern Mexico before colonization?
Answer: Nomadic hunting and gathering
Explanation: Due to the harsh climate, the first settlers in Northern Mexico adopted a nomadic lifestyle, primarily relying on hunting and gathering.
Which indigenous culture, primarily found in Chihuahua, is known as 'people who run'?
Answer: Rarámuri
Explanation: The Rarámuri, also known as Tarahumaras, are an indigenous culture primarily found in Chihuahua and are known as 'people who run'.
Who founded the first city in the Northern Mexico region, Durango, and in what year?
Answer: Francisco de Ibarra in 1563
Explanation: Durango, the first city in Northern Mexico, was founded in 1563 by Francisco de Ibarra.
What was the name of the Basque colony established in Northern Mexico during the colonial era that encompassed Durango, Chihuahua, and parts of Sinaloa and Coahuila?
Answer: Nueva Vizcaya
Explanation: The Basque colony established in Northern Mexico during the colonial era, covering Durango, Chihuahua, and parts of Sinaloa and Coahuila, was named *Nueva Vizcaya*.
In the late 18th century, how did Spanish rulers refer to the northern regions of their colony, which had distinct governance from Mexico City's perspective?
Answer: Interior provinces
Explanation: Spanish rulers referred to these northern regions with separate governance as 'interior provinces'.
The entirety of Mexico's northern half was annexed into the United States in the early 19th century, profoundly altering its postcolonial history.
Answer: False
Explanation: The annexation of the northern half of Mexico into the United States occurred in the *mid*-19th century, not the early 19th century.
During the Porfiriato era, Northern Mexico's economy remained predominantly agricultural, with minimal foreign investment.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Porfiriato, Northern Mexico's economy transformed, becoming a significant hub for capital investments from the United States and other parts of Mexico, moving beyond its traditional agricultural base.
Mexico harbored concerns about the potential loss of Baja California due to its robust economic and geographic integration with the United States and its strategic importance for Pacific trade.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mexico's apprehension regarding Baja California stemmed from its strong ties to the United States and its critical role in Pacific trade routes.
What significant territorial change occurred in Northern Mexico during the mid-19th century?
Answer: The annexation of the northern half of Mexico into the United States
Explanation: The mid-19th century saw the annexation of the northern half of Mexico into the United States, a pivotal event in the region's history.
During the Porfiriato era, what economic transformation did Northern Mexico experience?
Answer: It became a focal point for capital investments from the United States and other parts of Mexico.
Explanation: The Porfiriato era saw Northern Mexico's economy transform into a hub for capital investments, particularly from the United States.
Northern Mexican public opinion generally tends to be more liberal on cultural issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage, but more conservative on business matters.
Answer: False
Explanation: Northern Mexican opinion is generally more conservative on cultural topics like abortion and same-sex marriage, but more liberal on business and technology issues.
The 2014 'Social Intolerance In Mexico' report identified the strongest support for same-sex marriage in northern cities such as Durango and Chihuahua.
Answer: False
Explanation: The report indicated that support for same-sex marriage was weakest in Durango, Ciudad Victoria, Chihuahua, and Monterrey, not strongest.
Support for adoption by same-sex couples was most broadly accepted in the border cities of Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2014 report indeed found the highest acceptance for adoption by same-sex couples in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez.
Coahuila was the first state in Mexico to enact legislation legalizing same-sex marriage.
Answer: True
Explanation: Coahuila holds the distinction of being the first Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage.
The Carnaval of Mazatlán is a significant festivity in Northern Mexico, traditionally celebrated on July 8th.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Carnaval of Mazatlán is celebrated six days before Ash Wednesday, while July 8th commemorates the foundation of Durango.
According to the 2014 'Social Intolerance In Mexico' report, where was support for same-sex marriage weakest among northern cities?
Answer: Durango, Ciudad Victoria, Chihuahua, and Monterrey
Explanation: The report identified Durango, Ciudad Victoria, Chihuahua, and Monterrey as cities with the weakest support for same-sex marriage in Northern Mexico.
Which Northern Mexican state was the first in Mexico to legalize same-sex marriage?
Answer: Coahuila
Explanation: Coahuila was the pioneering state in Mexico to legalize same-sex marriage.
What important festivity in Northern Mexico commemorates the foundation of Durango?
Answer: July 8th
Explanation: July 8th is celebrated in Northern Mexico to commemorate the foundation of Durango.
Northern Mexican cuisine has been shaped by Spanish, Indigenous, and diverse European and Asian immigrant cultures.
Answer: True
Explanation: Northern Mexican cuisine is indeed a blend of Spanish, Indigenous, and various immigrant cultural influences, including Lebanese, Jewish, Portuguese, Chinese, Irish, German, and Italian.
Flour tortillas in Northern Mexican gastronomy are a legacy of German influence, which also made cheese and dairy products significant.
Answer: False
Explanation: Flour tortillas are a remnant of Jewish and Lebanese heritage, while German influence is specifically linked to the significance of cheese and dairy products.
Nachos, quesadillas, and burritos are widely considered three of the most renowned dishes originating from Northern Mexico.
Answer: True
Explanation: Nachos, quesadillas, and burritos are indeed recognized as iconic dishes originating from Northern Mexico.
A popular weekend custom in Northern Mexico involves families preparing *discada*, a mixture of grilled meats cooked on an agricultural plow disk harrow, as a variation of *Carne Asada*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The preparation of *discada* is a recognized variation of the *Carne Asada* tradition, involving grilled meats cooked on a plow disk harrow.
Which of the following cultural influences is NOT mentioned as having shaped Northern Mexican cuisine?
Answer: Japanese
Explanation: While Lebanese, German, and Jewish influences are mentioned, Japanese influence is not cited as a factor in shaping Northern Mexican cuisine.
What is a popular weekend custom in Northern Mexico where families and friends reunite to prepare barbecue?
Answer: Carne Asada
Explanation: The custom of families and friends reuniting on weekends to prepare barbecue is known as *Carne Asada* in Northern Mexico.
Association football (soccer) is a widely popular sport in Northern Mexico, with the region hosting five of the eighteen Liga MX teams.
Answer: True
Explanation: Soccer is highly popular in Northern Mexico, and the region does host five Liga MX teams.
Northern Mexican football teams achieved complete dominance in the Liga MX during the 2010s, winning all titles during that decade.
Answer: False
Explanation: Northern Mexican teams won nine titles and reached more than half of the finals in the 2010s, demonstrating significant dominance but not winning *all* titles.
Baseball is a popular sport in Northern Mexico, particularly in states such as Sinaloa and Sonora.
Answer: True
Explanation: Baseball is indeed a popular sport in Northern Mexico, especially in Sinaloa and Sonora.
Coahuila is the sole state in Northern Mexico to host three teams in Triple-A baseball.
Answer: True
Explanation: Coahuila is explicitly stated as the only state in Northern Mexico, and one of only three overall, to have three Triple-A baseball teams.
Sultanes de Monterrey is the most successful Northern team in the Mexican League, having secured ten championships.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sultanes de Monterrey is indeed the most successful Northern team in the Mexican League, with ten championships.
The Mexican Pacific League is a summer-league baseball competition where MLB players are prohibited from participating due to scheduling conflicts.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mexican Pacific League is a *winter*-league competition, and its schedule *allows* MLB players to participate, making it highly competitive.
Mexican teams have won the Caribbean Series nine times, primarily in the 21st century, with significant contributions from teams in Sonora and Sinaloa.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mexican teams have won the Caribbean Series nine times, with notable contributions from teams in Sonora and Sinaloa, particularly in the 21st century.
The *Liga de Básquetbol Estatal de Chihuahua* is a major professional basketball league in Northern Mexico.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Liga de Básquetbol Estatal de Chihuahua* is described as a *minor* league, primarily played by local teams, not a major professional league.
How many Liga MX football teams does Northern Mexico host out of the eighteen teams in Mexico's top domestic football division?
Answer: Five
Explanation: Northern Mexico hosts five of the eighteen teams in Liga MX.
Which Northern Mexican cities are home to Liga MX football teams?
Answer: Monterrey, Torreón, Tijuana, and Ciudad Juárez
Explanation: Monterrey, Torreón, Tijuana, and Ciudad Juárez are the Northern Mexican cities that host Liga MX football teams.
Which Northern Mexican teams compete in the Ascenso MX, the second professional level of Mexican football?
Answer: Dorados de Sinaloa, Cimarrones de Sonora, Tampico Madero, and Correcaminos UAT
Explanation: Dorados de Sinaloa, Cimarrones de Sonora, Tampico Madero, and Correcaminos UAT are the Northern teams that play in the Ascenso MX.
Which state in Northern Mexico has the highest number of teams in the Triple-A Mexican League?
Answer: Coahuila
Explanation: Coahuila is the state in Northern Mexico with the most teams (three) in Triple-A baseball.
What is the Mexican Pacific League (LMP) primarily known for?
Answer: Its winter schedule allowing Major League Baseball (MLB) players to participate.
Explanation: The LMP is known for its winter schedule, which enables MLB players to participate, contributing to its competitive nature.
Which two notable Mexican NBA players hail from Northern Mexico?
Answer: Eduardo Nájera and Horacio Llamas
Explanation: Eduardo Nájera (Chihuahua-born) and Horacio Llamas (Sinaloa-born) are two notable Mexican NBA players from Northern Mexico.
Northern Mexican Spanish is characterized by its strong intonation and a significant influence from Indigenous languages.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Northern Mexican Spanish has strong intonation, it has *less* Indigenous language influence compared to Central and South Mexico, and a significant influence from English.
What distinguishes Northern Mexican Spanish from other varieties spoken in the country?
Answer: Strong intonation and significant influence from English.
Explanation: Northern Mexican Spanish is characterized by its strong intonation and a notable influence from English, rather than Indigenous languages or archaic terms.
Which of the following is NOT a prominent Indigenous language spoken in Northern Mexico?
Answer: Nahuatl
Explanation: Tepehuan, Mayo, and Tarahumara are prominent Indigenous languages in Northern Mexico, but Nahuatl is not listed among them.
Guadalupe Victoria, a notable figure from Northern Mexico, was the most prominent general in the Mexican Revolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: Guadalupe Victoria was the first president of Mexico, but Francisco Villa was the most prominent general in the Mexican Revolution.
Francisco I. Madero, a Northern Mexican figure, was the initiator of the Mexican Revolution and a President of Mexico.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francisco I. Madero is recognized as the initiator of the Mexican Revolution and served as President.
Dolores del Río was the first major female Latin American crossover star in Hollywood.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dolores del Río holds the distinction of being the first major female Latin American crossover star in Hollywood.
Fernando Valenzuela, a notable person from Northern Mexico, was a pitcher for the LA Dodgers and a winner of two World Series.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fernando Valenzuela was indeed a pitcher for the LA Dodgers and won two World Series.
Jared Borgetti is the all-time leading scorer for the Mexican national soccer team.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jared Borgetti is the *second* all-time leading scorer for the Mexican national soccer team, not the all-time leader.
Who was the first president of Mexico, a notable figure from Northern Mexico?
Answer: Guadalupe Victoria
Explanation: Guadalupe Victoria holds the distinction of being the first president of Mexico.
Who was the president from Northern Mexico who promulgated the Constitution of Mexico?
Answer: Venustiano Carranza
Explanation: Venustiano Carranza was the president from Northern Mexico who promulgated the Constitution of Mexico.
Who was the most prominent general in the Mexican Revolution, hailing from Northern Mexico?
Answer: Francisco Villa
Explanation: Francisco Villa is recognized as the most prominent general in the Mexican Revolution.
Which notable Northern Mexican figure was the initiator of the Mexican Revolution and a President of Mexico?
Answer: Francisco I. Madero
Explanation: Francisco I. Madero is recognized as the initiator of the Mexican Revolution and served as President.
Who was the first major female Latin American crossover star in Hollywood from Northern Mexico?
Answer: Dolores del Río
Explanation: Dolores del Río holds the distinction of being the first major female Latin American crossover star in Hollywood.
What was Fernando Valenzuela's significant accomplishment as a pitcher from Northern Mexico?
Answer: He was a pitcher for the LA Dodgers and a winner of two World Series.
Explanation: Fernando Valenzuela is noted for his career as a pitcher for the LA Dodgers and for winning two World Series.
Who is Jared Borgetti, a notable person from Northern Mexico, known for in Mexican soccer history?
Answer: He is the second all-time leading scorer for the Mexican national soccer team.
Explanation: Jared Borgetti is recognized as the second all-time leading scorer for the Mexican national soccer team.
María del Rosario Espinoza, a notable person from Northern Mexico, is recognized for her achievements in which sport?
Answer: Taekwondo
Explanation: María del Rosario Espinoza is a three-time Olympic medalist in Taekwondo.