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The protein NPC1L1 is exclusively expressed within the epithelial cells of the human gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: False
Explanation: The protein NPC1L1 is expressed not only in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract but also in hepatocytes.
According to Bgee data, NPC1L1 RNA expression is notably high in the human jejunal mucosa.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bgee expression data confirms high levels of NPC1L1 RNA expression in the human jejunal mucosa, among other tissues.
Gene Ontology assigns NPC1L1 the molecular function of DNA binding.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gene Ontology does not assign DNA binding as a molecular function for NPC1L1; it is associated with functions such as myosin V binding and protein binding.
The Gene Ontology lists NPC1L1 as being associated with the brush border membrane.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gene Ontology annotations confirm NPC1L1's association with the brush border membrane, a structure characteristic of absorptive epithelial cells.
NPC1L1's association with myosin V binding suggests it is involved in DNA replication.
Answer: False
Explanation: The association with myosin V binding, a motor protein, suggests NPC1L1's involvement in intracellular transport mechanisms rather than DNA replication.
NPC1L1 being an integral membrane component means it is only loosely attached to the cell surface.
Answer: False
Explanation: An integral membrane component is embedded within the lipid bilayer, indicating a strong, non-covalent association, rather than being loosely attached.
The NPC1L1 protein is classified as a mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens.
Answer: True
Explanation: NPC1L1 is indeed classified as a mammalian protein, specifically found in Homo sapiens.
NPC1L1 expression in the testicle suggests a role solely related to cholesterol absorption.
Answer: False
Explanation: Expression data in tissues like the testicle suggests that NPC1L1 may have functions beyond cholesterol absorption, potentially related to specific tissue physiology.
Where is the NPC1L1 protein primarily expressed in the human body?
Answer: Epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatocytes
Explanation: The NPC1L1 protein is primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and in hepatocytes.
According to Bgee data, which mouse tissue shows significant NPC1L1 RNA expression?
Answer: Epithelium of the small intestine
Explanation: Bgee data indicates significant NPC1L1 RNA expression in the epithelium of the small intestine in mice, among other tissues.
Which molecular function is assigned to NPC1L1 by the Gene Ontology?
Answer: Myosin V binding
Explanation: Gene Ontology assigns molecular functions such as myosin V binding and protein binding to NPC1L1.
Which cellular component is NPC1L1 associated with, according to Gene Ontology?
Answer: Brush border membrane
Explanation: Gene Ontology associates NPC1L1 with cellular components including the brush border membrane, plasma membrane, and integral components of membranes.
The association of NPC1L1 with the 'apical plasma membrane' suggests its role in:
Answer: Transport across the cell surface facing the lumen
Explanation: Localization to the apical plasma membrane, particularly in intestinal cells, indicates a role in transport processes occurring at the luminal surface.
NPC1L1 plays a direct role in facilitating the absorption of cholesterol from the digestive system.
Answer: True
Explanation: NPC1L1 is recognized as a critical protein mediating the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestinal lumen into enterocytes.
The Gene Ontology classifies NPC1L1 as being involved in steroid metabolic processes.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gene Ontology annotations confirm NPC1L1's involvement in steroid metabolic processes, among other lipid-related biological processes.
NPC1L1's presence in hepatocytes is irrelevant to its role in cholesterol metabolism.
Answer: False
Explanation: The presence of NPC1L1 in hepatocytes is highly relevant, as the liver plays a central role in processing cholesterol absorbed from the intestine and regulating systemic cholesterol homeostasis.
NPC1L1's role in 'intestinal cholesterol absorption' is a key aspect of its function.
Answer: True
Explanation: The classification of NPC1L1 within processes like 'intestinal cholesterol absorption' highlights its fundamental role in mediating the uptake of dietary cholesterol.
NPC1L1 is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis according to Gene Ontology.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gene Ontology annotations include cholesterol biosynthetic process as one of the biological processes NPC1L1 is involved in.
What is the main function of NPC1L1 related to cholesterol?
Answer: Facilitating cholesterol absorption from the digestive system
Explanation: The primary function of NPC1L1 is to facilitate the absorption of cholesterol from the digestive tract into the body.
Which biological process, related to lipids, is NPC1L1 involved in according to Gene Ontology?
Answer: Lipoprotein metabolic process
Explanation: Gene Ontology classifies NPC1L1 as involved in processes such as lipoprotein metabolic process, steroid metabolic process, and cholesterol transport.
What is the primary implication of NPC1L1 being involved in 'intestinal cholesterol absorption'?
Answer: It is essential for the uptake of dietary cholesterol.
Explanation: Involvement in 'intestinal cholesterol absorption' signifies that NPC1L1 is crucial for the process by which dietary cholesterol is taken up from the gut.
The medication ezetimibe enhances the function of the NPC1L1 protein.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ezetimibe functions as an inhibitor of the NPC1L1 protein, thereby reducing cholesterol absorption.
Inhibition of NPC1L1 by ezetimibe typically reduces blood cholesterol levels by about 5% to 10%.
Answer: False
Explanation: The inhibition of NPC1L1 by ezetimibe typically results in a reduction of blood cholesterol levels by approximately 15% to 20%.
NPC1L1 is identified as a key factor in the cellular entry mechanism of the Hepatitis C Virus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Research indicates that NPC1L1 functions as an accessory receptor, facilitating the entry of the Hepatitis C Virus into host cells.
A comprehensive meta-analysis confirmed an increased risk of cancer in patients treated with ezetimibe.
Answer: False
Explanation: Subsequent comprehensive meta-analyses have concluded that there is no observed increase in cancer risk associated with ezetimibe treatment.
Inhibiting NPC1L1 is being explored as a strategy against Hepatitis C Virus infection.
Answer: True
Explanation: Given NPC1L1's role as an entry factor for HCV, its inhibition is indeed being investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for HCV infection.
How does the drug ezetimibe affect NPC1L1?
Answer: It inhibits the function of NPC1L1.
Explanation: Ezetimibe functions by inhibiting the activity of the NPC1L1 protein.
What is the approximate percentage decrease in blood cholesterol levels observed when ezetimibe inhibits NPC1L1?
Answer: 15% to 20%
Explanation: Inhibition of NPC1L1 by ezetimibe typically leads to a reduction in blood cholesterol levels ranging from approximately 15% to 20%.
NPC1L1 serves as an accessory receptor for the cellular entry of which virus?
Answer: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Explanation: NPC1L1 acts as an accessory receptor that facilitates the entry of the Hepatitis C Virus into host cells.
Initial concerns about NPC1L1 inhibition by ezetimibe were related to a potential increase in:
Answer: Cancer risk
Explanation: Early hypotheses suggested a potential link between NPC1L1 inhibition by ezetimibe and an increased risk of cancer, based on observations from certain clinical trials.
What did a subsequent meta-analysis conclude regarding ezetimibe treatment and cancer incidence?
Answer: It found no observed increase in cancer risk.
Explanation: A comprehensive meta-analysis examining data from ezetimibe treatments found no evidence of an increased cancer risk.
Genetic variations within the NPC1L1 gene have no known impact on how patients respond to ezetimibe.
Answer: False
Explanation: Polymorphisms in the NPC1L1 gene can influence patient response to ezetimibe, potentially leading to differential efficacy.
Individuals with inactivating mutations in the NPC1L1 gene exhibit an increased risk for coronary heart disease.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conversely, individuals with inactivating NPC1L1 mutations demonstrate a significantly reduced risk for coronary heart disease, associated with lower LDL cholesterol levels.
The NPC1L1 gene is located on Chromosome 7 in mice.
Answer: False
Explanation: In mice, the NPC1L1 gene is located on Chromosome 11, not Chromosome 7.
The designation 'Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1' implies no relationship to Niemann-Pick disease.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1' explicitly suggests a relationship or similarity to the protein involved in Niemann-Pick disease type C1, implying a shared role in lipid metabolism or transport.
Which health condition shows a significantly reduced risk (around 50%) in individuals with inactivating NPC1L1 gene mutations?
Answer: Coronary Heart Disease
Explanation: Individuals with inactivating mutations in the NPC1L1 gene exhibit approximately a 50% reduction in their risk of developing coronary heart disease.
In the human genome, the NPC1L1 gene is located on Chromosome 7 at which band?
Answer: 7p13
Explanation: The NPC1L1 gene in the human genome is located on Chromosome 7 at the 7p13 band.
What are the genomic coordinates for the NPC1L1 gene in humans?
Answer: 44,512,535 to 44,541,330
Explanation: The genomic coordinates for the NPC1L1 gene in humans span from base pair 44,512,535 to 44,541,330 on Chromosome 7.
The chromosomal location of NPC1L1 in humans is 7p13, while in mice it is located on:
Answer: Chromosome 11, band 11A1
Explanation: While human NPC1L1 is on Chromosome 7p13, the mouse NPC1L1 gene is located on Chromosome 11, specifically band 11A1.
The symbol SLC65A2 serves as an alternative designation for the NPC1L1 protein.
Answer: True
Explanation: SLC65A2 is indeed one of the alternative symbols or names used to refer to the NPC1L1 protein.
The UniProt accession number for human NPC1L1 is Q6T3U4.
Answer: False
Explanation: The UniProt accession number for human NPC1L1 is Q9UHC9; Q6T3U4 corresponds to mouse NPC1L1.
The Ensembl gene identifier for mouse NPC1L1 is ENSMUSG00000020447.
Answer: False
Explanation: ENSMUSG00000020447 is the Ensembl gene identifier for human NPC1L1, not mouse NPC1L1.
The Entrez gene ID for human NPC1L1 is 237636.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Entrez gene ID for human NPC1L1 is 29881; 237636 is the Entrez ID for mouse NPC1L1.
There are no listed RefSeq protein accession numbers for the human NPC1L1 gene in the provided text.
Answer: False
Explanation: The provided text lists several RefSeq protein accession numbers for the human NPC1L1 gene, including NP_001095118, NP_001287896, and NP_037521.
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) identifier 3QNT is associated with NPC1L1 structures.
Answer: True
Explanation: The identifier 3QNT is indeed referenced in relation to Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures concerning NPC1L1.
Multiple RefSeq mRNA identifiers for human NPC1L1 suggest only one functional transcript variant exists.
Answer: False
Explanation: The existence of multiple RefSeq mRNA identifiers typically indicates the presence of different transcript variants or isoforms, potentially leading to diverse protein products.
The PDBe-KB database provides access to structural information for mouse NPC1L1.
Answer: False
Explanation: The PDBe-KB database provides access to structural information for human NPC1L1, not mouse NPC1L1.
What is the full designation for the protein commonly abbreviated as NPC1L1?
Answer: Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1
Explanation: The full designation for the protein commonly abbreviated as NPC1L1 is Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1.
Which of the following is NOT listed as an alternative name or symbol for NPC1L1?
Answer: CHOLABS1
Explanation: Alternative names and symbols listed for NPC1L1 include NPC11L1, LDLCQ7, and SLC65A2. CHOLABS1 is not mentioned as such.
What is the UniProt accession number for the NPC1L1 protein in humans?
Answer: Q9UHC9
Explanation: The UniProt accession number for human NPC1L1 is Q9UHC9.
What is the Ensembl gene identifier for human NPC1L1?
Answer: ENSG00000015520
Explanation: The Ensembl gene identifier for human NPC1L1 is ENSG00000015520.
Which Entrez gene identification number corresponds to NPC1L1 in humans?
Answer: 29881
Explanation: The Entrez gene identification number for human NPC1L1 is 29881.
Which of the following is a RefSeq mRNA accession number for the human NPC1L1 gene?
Answer: NM_001300967
Explanation: NM_001300967 is one of the RefSeq mRNA accession numbers listed for the human NPC1L1 gene.
What does the source indicate regarding a RefSeq protein identifier for mouse NPC1L1?
Answer: It is listed as n/a (not available).
Explanation: The provided text indicates that a RefSeq protein identifier for mouse NPC1L1 is not available (marked as n/a).
Which database identifier is referenced for Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures related to NPC1L1?
Answer: 3QNT
Explanation: The identifier 3QNT is specifically referenced in relation to Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures for NPC1L1.
Besides gene and protein databases, which resource hosts related media for NPC1L1?
Answer: Wikimedia Commons
Explanation: Wikimedia Commons is cited as a resource that hosts media related to NPC1L1, in addition to standard biological databases.
Which of the following is a key external database providing unique identifiers for NPC1L1 mentioned in the text?
Answer: Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)
Explanation: Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is listed as a key external database that provides unique identifiers for NPC1L1.